1
|
Muyizere T, Mukiza J. Progress on the development of a metal salt-assisted ionization source for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2803-2819. [PMID: 35848110 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric analysis of polymers has been addressed as a challenging research topic due to poor ionization and complicated analysis using conventional mass spectrometry. The ionization source has demonstrated a promising future in rapid mass spectrometric analysis. Soft ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are the most ionization sources appeared to be a powerful tools for polymer characterization when combined with MS. However, they always need metal salts to be introduced during the ionization protocol for polymers due to the crucial role played by their ions (cations and anions). The current review focuses on the progress in the development of metal ion-assisted-ionization sources for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers. Different ionization systems are comprehensively reviewed. The application of metal ion-assisted ESI, nanoESI, PSI, and MALDI-MS for polymer sample analyses is systematically discussed. The future research trends and challenges in this cutting-edge research field are summarized. It also aims to provide the current state-of-the-art of metal salts as a platform for ionization systems for the mass spectrometric characterization of polymers and offers the current challenges and perspectives on the promising future to improve analytical performance in this field. Finally, this mini-review provides a comprehensive handbook to researchers from different research backgrounds wishing to work in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Muyizere
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Kigali 1948, Rwanda.
- School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, P. O. BOX 55, Rwamagana, Rwanda
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muyizere T, Zheng Y, Liu H, Zhao J, Li J, Lu X, Austin DE, Zhang Z. Metal salt assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the soft ionization of GAP polymers in negative ion mode. Analyst 2019; 145:34-45. [PMID: 31755893 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01887e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymers (GAP) are one of the most important energetic polymers, but it is still a challenge to elucidate their structures using mass spectrometry due to their fragility upon ionization. Herein we developed a soft metal salt assisted electrospray ionization (MSAESI) to characterize directly GAP polymers using mass spectrometry. This technique combines paper spray ionization and the complexing effect of anions from metal salts with GAP in the negative ion mode to softly ionize GAP polymers prior to mass spectrometry analysis. The effects of experimental parameters (e.g., ion mode, applied voltage, and type and concentration of metal salts) have been investigated in detail. In contrast to the positive ion mode, a softer ionization was observed for GAP polymers when the negative ion mode was applied. The radius and average charge of cations and anions in metal salts were found to play crucial roles in determining the performance of the MSAESI analysis of GAP. For a given charge number, a smaller radius of cations favored the soft ionization of GAP polymers (e.g., Na+ > K+ > Rb+), whereas a larger radius of anions led to a preferred performance (e.g., F- < Cl- < Br- < I-) due to variation in dissolution ability. For anions with multiple charges, the ones with fewer charges gave a more favorable ionization to the GAP sample because of their better complexing to GAP molecules than those with more charges in the structure of anions (e.g., NO3- > SO42- > PO43-). According to the experimental observation and evidence from mass spectrometry, we proposed the plausible electrospray mechanisms of MSAESI for GAP analysis with the involvement of metal salts. Moreover, the developed protocol has been applied successfully to the analysis of various GAP samples, and works for other types of sources such as nanoelectrospray ionization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Muyizere
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rigano F, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with electron ionization mass spectrometry: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
The problem of sample diluent in bioanalytical LC–MS is reviewed with a special focus on large-volume injections and non-miscible solvents with mobile phase components. These issues are related to the sample preparation approach, which in many instances provides the sample diluent before injecting this into the chromatographic column. The sample volume influences the quantitation limit of the chromatographic method, while its nature may influence the retention process of the injected analytes. The literature reports a few papers that are focused on alternative sample diluents in bioanalytical LC–MS that are generally non-miscible with mobile phase. The principle of this approach and some of its current bioanalytical applications from literature are discussed. However, more applications and more publications from HPLC users and vendors are expected in this field, which could prove its analytical importance and potential in bioanalysis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Schoonen JW, Vulto P, de Roo N, van Duynhoven J, van der Linden H, Hankemeier T. Solvent Exchange Module for LC-NMR Hyphenation Using Machine Vision-Controlled Droplet Evaporation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5734-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem Schoonen
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center
for
Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Vulto
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center
for
Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Roo
- Unilever R&D, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Unilever R&D, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA, Wageningen,
The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Heiko van der Linden
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center
for
Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center
for
Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Couchman L. Turbulent flow chromatography in bioanalysis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:892-905. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Couchman
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry; King's College Hospital; Denmark Hill; London; SE5 9RS
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Georgiţă C, Albu F, David V, Medvedovici A, Monciu CM. Linearization of the MS response function: case study for metformin assay in plasma samples for bioequivalence purposes. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:208-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Georgiţă
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Traian Vuia Street 6; Bucharest; 020956; Romania
| | - Florin Albu
- Bioanalytical Laboratory; SC Labormed Pharma SA; 44B Th. Pallady Blvd; Bucharest; 032266; Romania
| | - Victor David
- University of Bucharest; Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; 90 Panduri Ave; Bucharest; 050663; Romania
| | - Andrei Medvedovici
- University of Bucharest; Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; 90 Panduri Ave; Bucharest; 050663; Romania
| | - Crina Maria Monciu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Traian Vuia Street 6; Bucharest; 020956; Romania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Magureanu M, Piroi D, Mandache NB, David V, Medvedovici A, Bradu C, Parvulescu VI. Degradation of antibiotics in water by non-thermal plasma treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:3407-3416. [PMID: 21514950 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of three β-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin, oxacillin and ampicillin) in aqueous solution was investigated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in coaxial configuration. Solutions of concentration 100 mg/L were made to flow as a film over the surface of the inner electrode of the plasma reactor, so the discharge was generated at the gas-liquid interface. The electrical discharge was operated in pulsed regime, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in oxygen. Amoxicillin was degraded after 10 min plasma treatment, while the other two antibiotics required about 30 min for decomposition. The evolution of the degradation process was continuously followed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Magureanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Department for Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion, Atomistilor Str. 409, Magurele-Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Couchman L, Morgan PE. LC-MS in analytical toxicology: some practical considerations. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:100-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|