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Maged K, El-Henawee MM, Abd El-Hay SS. Development and validation of an eco-friendly HPLC-UV method for determination of atorvastatin and vitamin D 3 in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation. BMC Chem 2023; 17:62. [PMID: 37340490 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Statin-associated muscle symptoms are considered as obvious adverse effects of prolonged statin therapy such as myopathy, myalgia, and rhabdomyolysis. These side effects are associated with vitamin D3 deficiency and can be adjusted by amendment of serum vitamin D3 level. Green chemistry aims to decrease the harmful effects of analytical procedures. Here we have developed a green and eco-friendly HPLC method for the determination of atorvastatin calcium and vitamin D3. The two drugs were separated in less than 10 min on Symmetry column C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) using a mixture consisting of 0.1% ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA) (pH = 2.16) and ethanol as the mobile phase in gradient manner. We have used Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) tools and the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE) for assessment of the greenness of our proposed method. The method proved linearity over concentration ranges of (5-40) and (1-8) µg/ml with low limit of detection of 0.475 and 0.041 µg/ml for atorvastatin calcium and vitamin D3 respectively. The method was successfully validated in accordance with ICH instructions and utilized for determination of the drugs of interest either in pure form or in their pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Maged
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Areesh, Egypt.
| | - Magda M El-Henawee
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Soad S Abd El-Hay
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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2
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Carbon quantum dots–functionalized silica stationary phase for pharmaceutical analysis by a green liquid chromatography mode. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:175. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Wadhwa K, Rana AC. A review on liquid chromatographic methods for the bioanalysis of atorvastatin. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The unsatisfied clinical need has encouraged the development and validation of bioanalytical procedures for the quantification of drugs in biological samples because the monitoring of drug concentrations helps in personalizing the patient’s pharmacotherapy, assessing the adherence to therapy, and is also extensively useful for pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions studies.
Main Body
The present review aimed to provide insightful information about the various liquid chromatographic methods developed till 2019 for the analysis and quantification of atorvastatin, its metabolites, and co-administered drugs in the various biological matrices like the serum, plasma, and urine with special emphasis on sample preparation techniques applied before chromatographic analysis along with different chromatographic conditions and their validation data. A total of 88 published papers that have used liquid chromatography techniques to quantify atorvastatin in biological fluids are included in the study. Out of the total reported liquid chromatographic methods, 34% used UV spectrophotometer as a detector, and 55% used MS/MS as a detector. Whereas 38% of them used protein precipitation procedure, 33% applied liquid-liquid extraction approach, and 12% employed solid-phase extraction technique for sample preparation.
Conclusion
In the last decade, numerous bioanalytical procedures have been developed for the quantification of atorvastatin in different biological samples using liquid chromatographic techniques. Moreover, advancement in technology developed several new and advanced sample preparation approaches like dispersive liquid-liquid extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, which have high recovery rates than conventional procedures. Thus, the summarized review may be consulted as an informative tool to support the optimization of new bioanalytical methods for the quantification of atorvastatin.
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Elkady EF, Fouad MA, Faquih AAE. A Versatile Stability-indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol, Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190523122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Atenolol is a selective beta 1 blocker that can be used alone or in combination
with hydrochlorothiazide or with chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension and prevention from a
heart attack.
Objective:
The main target of this work was to improve modern, easy, accurate and selective liquid
chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for the determination of these drugs in the presence of their degradation
products. These methods can be used as analytical gadgets in quality control laboratories for a
routine examination.
Methods:
In this method, the separation was accomplished through an Inertsil® ODS-3V C18 column
(250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase used was 25 mM aqueous potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate
solution adjusted to pH 6.8 by using 0.1M sodium hydroxide and acetonitrile (77 : 23, v/v),
the flow rate used was 1 ml/min and detection was achieved at 235 nm using UV.
Results:
All peaks were sharp and well separated, the retention times were atenolol degradation (ATN
Deg.) 2.311 min, atenolol (ATN) 2.580 min, hydrochlorothiazide degradation (HCT Deg.) 5.890 min,
hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 7.016 min, chlorthalidone degradation CTD Deg 8.018 min and chlorthalidone
(CTD) 14.972 min. Linearity was obtained and the range of concentrations was 20- 160 μg/ml for
atenolol, 10-80 μg/ml for hydrochlorothiazide and 10-80 μg/ml for chlorthalidone. According to ICH
guidelines, method validation was accomplished, these methods include linearity, accuracy, selectivity,
precision and robustness.
Conclusion:
The optimized method demonstrated to be specific, robust and accurate for the quality
control of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Farouk Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdulgabar A. Ezzy Faquih
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Hodeida University, Hodeida, Yemen
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Employment of a natural deep eutectic solvent as a sustainable mobile phase additive for improving the isolation of four crucial cardiovascular drugs by micellar liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Grаdiеnt HPLC Mеthоd fоr Simultаnеоus Dеtеrminаtiоn оf Еight Sаrtаn аnd Stаtin Drugs in Thеir Purе аnd Dоsаgе Fоrms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13020032. [PMID: 32093384 PMCID: PMC7169415 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A gradient HPLC method was developed and validated for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of the following eight drugs of sartan and statin classes in their pure and dosage forms within 15 minutes: irbesartan (IRB), losartan (LOS), valsartan (VAL), olmesartan (OLM), rosuvastatin (ROS), atorvastatin (ATR), lovastatin (LOV), and simvastatin (SIM). Separation was carried out on a Kinetex C18 100A column (2.60 μm, 4.60 mm × 100 mm) using a gradiant binary mobile phase of 0.05M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.50 adjusted by ortho-phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile at room temperature. The flow rate was 1.00 mL/min and maximum absorption was measured using a DAD detector at 280 nm. The retention times of IRB, LOS, ROS, VAL, ATR, LOV, OLM, and SIM were recorded to be 4.72, 5.32, 6.06, 7.19, 7.96, 9.30, 11.91, and 14.66 minutes, respectively. Limits of detection were reported to be 2.01, 1.32, 1.10, 0.76, 0.21, 1.50, 0.38, and 0.55 mM for the same sequence of drugs, respectively, showing a high degree of method sensitivity. The method was then validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the determination of the drugs in their dosage forms with highly precise recoveries. Also, a statistical comparison with reference methods was performed showing no significant differences between the proposed method and reported ones in terms of precision and accuracy.
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Attaa Bakr N, Saad S, Elshabrawy Y, Eid M. First-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for estimation of losartan potassium and atorvastatin in their pure forms and in tablets. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:561-571. [PMID: 31957224 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Losartan potassium (LOS) and atorvastatin (ATR) are used in combination for long-term treatment of stroke and for treatment of hypertension with high-level cholesterol. Both drugs were simultaneously determined and validated using a novel, easy, fast, and economical first-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method. Methanol was used as the solvent for both drugs at a Δλ 80 nm and with a scanning rate of 600 nm/min. Peaks were determined as at 288.1 nm and 263.6 nm for LOS and ATR, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and, subsequently, the developed method was applicable to the analysis of the two compounds in their different formulations without interference from each other. Amplitude-concentration plots were rectilinear over the concentration ranges 1.0-10.0 μg/ml and 0.5-5.0 μg/ml for LOS and ATR, respectively. Detection limits were found to be 0.096 μg/ml and 0.030 μg/ml and quantitation limits were 0.291 μg/ml and 0.093 μg/ml for LOS and ATR, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of both compounds in synthetic mixtures and in laboratory-prepared tablets. These results were in accordance with the results acquired using the comparison method, high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhane Attaa Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser Elshabrawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Silva J, Basso J, Sousa J, Fortuna A, Vitorino C. Development and full validation of an HPLC methodology to quantify atorvastatin and curcumin after their intranasal co-delivery to mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4621. [PMID: 31215044 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in atorvastatin and curcumin owing to their potential anticancer activity. A new, accurate and sensitive HPLC method was developed, for the first time, to simultaneously quantify atorvastatin and curcumin in mouse plasma and brain, liver, lung and spleen tissues following protein precipitation sample preparation. The chromatographic separation was achieved in 13 min on a C18 column, at 35°C, using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-methanol-2% (v/v) acetic acid (37.5:2.5:60, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection of analytes and internal standard was carried out at 247, 425 and 250 nm, respectively. According to international guidelines, the method was shown to be selective, with lower limits of quantification ranging from 10 to 500 ng/mL for curcumin, and from 100 to 600 ng/mL for atorvastatin, linear over a wide concentration range (r2 ≥ 0.9971) and with acceptable accuracy (bias ± 12.29%) and precision (coefficient of variation ≤13.15%). The analytes were reproducibly recovered at a percentage >81.10% and demonstrated to be stable under various experimental conditions in all biological matrices. This method can be easily applied to in vivo biodistribution studies related to the intranasal administration of atorvastatin and curcumin, separately or simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Basso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,LAQV REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kokilambigai KS, Seetharaman R, Lakshmi KS. Critical Review on the Analytical Techniques for the Determination of the Oldest Statin—Atorvastatin—in Bulk, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1342529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Kokilambigai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Seetharaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. S. Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Simultaneous quantification of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:208-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Patel JR, Pethani TM, Vachhani AN, Sheth NR, Dudhrejiya AV. Development and validation of bioanalytical method for simultaneous estimation of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 970:53-9. [PMID: 25240204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a novel liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous estimation of ramipril (RAM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction technique. This method made use of electrospray ionization in positive mode for RAM and in negative mode for HCTZ using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry where carbamazepine was used as an internal standard (IS). Analytes were recovered by methyl tertiary butyl ether:dichloromethane (85:15) subsequently separated on an Enable C18 G column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using methanol:0.1% formic acid in water (85:15) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Quantification of RAM, HCTZ and IS was performed using multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM) where transition of m/z 417.2→234.1 (RAM) and 237.0→194.0 (IS) in positive mode and 296.1→205.0 for HCTZ in negative mode. The calibration curve was linear (r(2)>0.99) over the concentration range of 2-170 ng/mL for RAM and 8-680 ng/mL for HCTZ. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were <15% and the accuracy was all within ±15% (at LLOQ level ±20%). Additionally, the LC-MS/MS method was fully validated for all the other parameters such as selectivity, matrix effect, recovery and stability as well. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed the selectivity and sensitivity of this method for the simultaneous estimation of RAM and HCTZ in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin R Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Trupesh M Pethani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish N Vachhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Navin R Sheth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvin V Dudhrejiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
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Walash MI, El-Enany NM, Eid MI, Fathy ME. Simultaneous determination of metolazone and losartan potassium in their binary mixtures using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection: application to combined tablets and spiked human plasma. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:462-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Nahed M. El-Enany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Manal I. Eid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mona E. Fathy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
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