EFFECT OF NON-AQUEOUS AND BUFFERED MOBILE-PHASE COMPOSITION ON THE RETENTION OF IVABRADINE

Comparative HPTLC study for simultaneous determination of ivabradine and metoprolol using UV and fluorescence detectors

New, simple, accurate, sensitive and validated high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method coupled with UV absorbance mode and fluorescence (FL) detectors which were used for simultaneous determination of ivabradine (IVA) and metoprolol (MET) in their bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using TLC silica 60 F254 plates and non-fluorescent TLC silica gel 60 plates. The developing system was chloroform: methanol: formic acid: ammonia (8.5:1.5:0.2:0.1, v/v). Desnitometric analysis in UV absorbance mode was set at λ = 275 nm. While, fluorescence mode was performed with excitation at 260 nm for quantitative simultaneous determination of IVA and MET using optical filter K320. The retention factors values were 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.89 ± 0.01 of IVA and MET, respectively. UV absorbance mode, linearity was 50.0-600.0 ng/band for IVA and 50.0-900.0 ng/band for MET. For fluorescence mode, the linearity ranges were 18.0-400.0 ng/band and 50.0-550.0 ng/band for IVA and MET; respectively. ICH guidelines were followed in respect to linearity and range, accuracy, precision and selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and robustness. The analytical eco-scale, green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and analytical greenness metric tools were used to assess the suggested method. The quantitative proposed method results showed there was no statistically significant difference at 95% confidence when compared to the reported method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Computational and spectral studies of 3,3'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d]azepin-2-one)

Detection and qualification of unknown impurities during commercial drug synthesis have been mandated by the regulatory authorities. 3,3'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo [d]azepin-2-one) in short IVA-9, is one such process-related impurity formed during the synthesis of cardiotonic drug Ivabradine. The structure and properties of this molecule have not been explored yet. A suggestive reaction route for the chance formation of IVA-9 during the commercial synthesis of parent drug molecule has been reported in this article. Further, the optimized geometry and vibrational studies have been computed using Gaussian 09. Experimental FTIR scan has also been performed and values show satisfactory consilience with the computational data. The frontier orbital energies and energy band gaps of the reaction fragments and products were computed. The evaluation of ADME parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are performed using SwissADME tool to assess the drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness. Six physiochemical parameters namely flexibility, lipophilicity, size, polarity, solubility and saturation and their critical limits are depicted using the bioavailability radar of the programme to provide insights into pharmacokinetic properties such as human gastrointestinal absorption (HIA), blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, total polar surface area (TPSA) and inhibitor action to important cytochromes etc.

Application and Validation of Simple Isocratic HPLC-UV-DAD Method with Dual Wavelength Detection for Ivabradine Determination and Its Application in the Study of Stress Degradation

Ivabradine is a modern drug that selectively lowers the heart rate, improves cardiac energy balance, and reduces heart’s demands for oxygen and energy. Due to the chemical nature of ivabradine, which absorbs light at 207 nm and 286 nm, its detection was performed at two wavelengths. A Knauer C8 column was used to develop the RP-HPLC method for determination of ivabradine. The proposed method was linear from 5 to 100 µg/ml (r>0.999) for both wavelengths and limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.33 and 1.09 µg/ml for 207 nm and 1.19 and 3.97 µg/ml for 286 nm, respectively. After validation, the investigated method was applied to a stress degradation study. Numerous degradation products were formed from ivabradine solutions through alkaline and acid hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis. The largest numbers of degradation products were found in the sample exposed to 24 h radiation and alkaline hydrolysis (eight and six products, resp.). Finally, the simple method using HPLC-UV-DAD was developed and validated. Its usefulness for the monitoring of possible degradation products was demonstrated.