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Chowdhury A, Goswami S. Study of Drug Delivery Using Purely Organic Macrocyclic Containers-Cucurbit[7]uril and Pillararene. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47340-47366. [PMID: 38144095 PMCID: PMC10733925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
An impaired immune system is the root of various human ailments provoking the urge to find vehicle-mediated quick delivery of small drug molecules and other vital metabolites to specific tissues and organs. Thus, drug delivery strategies are in need of improvement in therapeutic efficacy. It can be achieved only by increasing the drug-loading capacity, increasing the sustained release of a drug to its target site, easy relocation of drug molecules associated with facile complexation-induced properties of molecular vehicles, and high stimuli-responsive drug administration. Supramolecular drug delivery systems (SDDS) provide a much needed robust yet facile platform for fabricating innovative drug nanocarriers assembled by thermodynamically noncovalent interaction with the tunable framework and above-mentioned properties. Measures of cytotoxicity and biocompatibility are the two main criteria that lie at the root of any promising medicinal applications. This Review features significant advancements in (i) supramolecular host-guest complexation using cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), (ii) encapsulation of the drug and its delivery application tailored for CB[7], (iii) self-assembly of supramolecular amphiphiles, (iv) supramolecular guest relay using host-protein nanocavities, (v) pillararene (a unique macrocyclic host)-mediated SDDS for the delivery of smart nanodrugs for siRNA, fluorescent molecules, and insulin for juvenile diabetes. Furthermore, fundamental questions and future hurdles related to smart SDDS based on CB[7] and pillararenes and their future promising breakthrough implementations are also distinctly outlined in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab
Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Amity
University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Soumyabrata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Amity
University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
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Unal DN, Yıldırım S, Kurbanoglu S, Uslu B. Current trends and roles of surfactants for chromatographic and electrochemical sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sun J, Wang J, Wang X, Hu X, Cao H, Bai J, Li D, Hua H. Design and synthesis of β-carboline derivatives with nitrogen mustard moieties against breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116341. [PMID: 34365102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To discover the promising antitumor agents, a series of β-carboline derivatives with nitrogen mustard moieties were designed and synthesized. Most target derivatives showed antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Among them, (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-formamidopropanoate possessed the most potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.79 μM and 4.96 μM, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the parent compounds, and the efficacy was comparable to that of the positive control doxorubicin. More importantly, it showed weak cytotoxicity against human normal breast cell line MCF-10A (IC50 > 20 μM), exhibiting certain selectivity. Subsequently, further mechanism exploration indicated that it induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe assay and comet assay showed that this compound could cause intracellular ROS accumulation and DNA damage. In addition, it exerted potent inhibitory effect on the migration, invasion and adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. In short, (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-formamidopropanoate was considered as a promising compound for anti-breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiesen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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β-Carbolines as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113321. [PMID: 33684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β-Carbolines are indole alkaloids having a tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole ring in their structure. Since the isolation of first β-carboline from Peganum harmala in 1841, the isolation and synthesis of various β-carboline derivatives surged in the following centuries. β-Carboline derivatives due to their widespread availability from natural sources, structural flexibility, quick reactivity and interaction with varied anticancer targets such as DNA (intercalation, groove binding, etc.), enzymes (GPX4, topoisomerases, kinases, etc.) and proteins (tubulin, ABCG2/BRCP1, etc.) have established themselves as promising lead compounds for the synthesis of various anticancer active agents. The current review covers the synthesis and isolation, anticancer activity, mechanism of action and SAR of various β-carboline containing molecules, its derivatives and congeners.
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Chandra F, Kumar P, Koner AL. Encapsulation and modulation of protolytic equilibrium of β-carboline-based norharmane drug by cucurbit[7]uril and micellar environments for enhanced cellular uptake. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:530-537. [PMID: 30096474 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of supramolecular nanocavity on photophysical and acid-dissociation properties of Norharmane (NHM), a physiologically important, anxiety control and memory-enhancing β-carboline-based drug, has been investigated using steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Self-assembled organization derived from surfactants and rigid water-soluble macrocyclic host Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) have been selected for this investigation. The confined-space offered by the supramolecular assemblies modulates the pKa value of NHM (up to 3 units) as it can exist in two protolytic forms at near neutral pH. Therefore, the pH-dependent binding properties, modulation of pKa value and its consequences on the photophysical, chemical and solubility properties are investigated in detail. This investigation shows a large shift in the protolytic equilibrium which in turn causes ca. 15 times solubility-enhancement at near neutral pH. Moreover, the effect of enhanced solubility has been further investigated by the augmentation in the cellular uptake of NHM entrapped inside CB7. Thus, the modulation of the acid-base properties and solubility of β-carboline-based drugs will have immense potential for their formulation, cellular uptake and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Apurba L Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Dai J, Dan W, Schneider U, Wang J. β-Carboline alkaloid monomers and dimers: Occurrence, structural diversity, and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:622-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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