Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Four Potential Impurities Present in Darunavir Tablets by Reverse Phase–Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode-Array Detector

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Major Drugs Used for the Treatment of COVID-19. A Review

At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak (end 2019 - 2020), therapeutic treatments based on approved drugs have been the fastest approaches to combat the new coronavirus pandemic. Nowadays several vaccines are available. However, the worldwide vaccination program is going to take a long time and its success will depend on the vaccine public's acceptance. Therefore, outside of vaccination, the repurposing of existing antiviral, anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs, have been considered an alternative medical strategy for the COVI-19 infection. Due to the broad clinical potential of the drugs, but also to their possible side effects, analytical methods are needed to monitor the drug concentrations in biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. This review deals with analytical methods developed in the period 2015 - July 2021 to detect potential drugs that, according to a literature survey, have been taken into consideration for the treatment of COVID-19. The drugs considered here have been selected on the basis of the number of articles published in the period January 2020-July 2021, using the combination of the keywords: COVID-19 and drugs or SARS-CoV-2 and drugs. A section is also devoted to monoclonal antibodies. Over the period considered, the analytical methods have been employed in a variety of real samples, such as body fluids (plasma, blood and urine), pharmaceutical products, environmental matrices and food.

A Novel Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-PDA Method Development and Validation for Darunavir in Bulk and Its Application to Marketed Dosage Form

Aims and Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of darunavir in a bulk and tablet dosage form.

Materials and Methods:

The chromatographic separation was achieved using DIKMA Endoversil (2.1mm x 50mm, 1.7 µm) column. A mixture of 40% buffer (0.1% octa sulfonic acid) and 60% acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase with the isocratic elution mode and eluent was monitored at 281nm using UV detector. The method was continued and validated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. Validation study revealed the specificity and reliability of the method.

Results:

In this method, darunavir was eluted with retention time of 0.516 min. Calibration curve plots were found linear over the concentration ranges 10–50 μg/mL for darunavir. Limit of detection was 0.02 μg/mL and limit of quantification was found 0.07 μg/mL. The present method was also found stable in force degradation study.

Conclusion:

The empirical evidences of all the study results revealed the suitability of the estimation of darunavir in bulk and tablet dosage form without any interference from the excipients.

Darunavir: A comprehensive profile

Darunavir: (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl [(2S,3R)-4-{[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] (isobutyl)amino}-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-butanyl]carbamate is a synthetic non-peptide protease inhibitor. On June 2006, it was first approved by the Food and Drug administration (FDA) for treatment of resistant type-1 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In July 2016, the FDA expanded the approval for use of darunavir in pregnant women with HIV infection. Darunavir prevents the replication of HIV virus by inhibiting the catalytic activity of the HIV-1 protease enzyme, and selectively inhibits the cleavage of HIV encoded Gag-Pol polyproteins in virus-infected cells, which prevents the formation of mature infectious virus particles. Darunavir is unique among currently available protease inhibitors because it maintains antiretroviral activity against a variety of multidrug-resistant HIV strains. This article discusses, by a critical extensive review of the literature, the description of darunavir in terms of its names, formulae, elemental composition, appearance, and use in the treatment of HIV-infected patients. The article also discusses the methods for preparation of darunavir, its physical-chemical properties, analytical methods for its determination, pharmacological properties, and dosing information.