1
|
Shuba A, Umarkhanov R, Bogdanova E, Anokhina E, Burakova I. Possibilities of an Electronic Nose on Piezoelectric Sensors with Polycomposite Coatings to Investigate the Microbiological Indicators of Milk. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3634. [PMID: 38894425 PMCID: PMC11175303 DOI: 10.3390/s24113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are included in the list of the Food Security Doctrine and are of paramount importance in the diet of the human population. At the same time, the presence of many macro- and microcomponents in milk, as available sources of carbon and energy, as well as the high activity of water, cause the rapid development of native and pathogen microorganisms in it. The goal of the work was to assess the possibility of using an array of gas chemical sensors based on piezoquartz microbalances with polycomposite coatings to assess the microbiological indicators of milk quality and to compare the microflora of milk samples. Piezosensors with polycomposite coatings with high sensitivity to volatile compounds were obtained. The gas phase of raw milk was analyzed using the sensors; in parallel, the physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined for these samples, and species identification of the microorganisms was carried out for the isolated microorganisms in milk. The most informative output data of the sensor array for the assessment of microbiological indicators were established. Regression models were constructed to predict the quantity of microorganisms in milk samples based on the informative sensors' data with an error of no more than 17%. The limit of determination of QMAFAnM in milk was 243 ± 174 CFU/cm3. Ways to improve the accuracy and specificity of the determination of microorganisms in milk samples were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Shuba
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Revolution Avenue 19, 394000 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Ruslan Umarkhanov
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Revolution Avenue 19, 394000 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Bogdanova
- Department of Technology of Animal Products, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Revolution Avenue 19, 394036 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Anokhina
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (E.A.); (I.B.)
| | - Inna Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (E.A.); (I.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Determination of trace antibiotics in water and milk via preconcentration and cleanup using activated carbons. Food Chem 2022; 385:132695. [PMID: 35338997 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CPAC-SPE-HPLC (coconut powdered activated carbon -SPE- HPLC) has been developed for the determination of antibiotic (ABX), sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMM), oxytetracycline (OTC), ceftiofur hydrochloride (CEF) and marbofloxacin (MAR), in water and milk. Over 99.0% SMM and OTC were recovered from 20 mL of 0.5 μg/mL ABX solution using 10 mg-CPAC for adsorption and 2 mL of 30% NH4OH/EtOH (1/19 v/v) for elution. Similarly, over 99.0% CEF and MAR were recovered using 15 mg-CPAC and 2 mL of 30% NH4OH/n-PrOH (1/19 v/v). Moreover, the recovery efficiencies of various ABX from 5 to 80 mL of 0.02-2.00 μg/mL medicated milk containing 10 mM EDTA are ordered as follows: OTC (99.3%), SMM (99.1%) > CEF (68.9%) > MAR (61.4%). No interference towards HPLC analysis were observed with elution using 2 mL of 30% NH4OH/EtOH (1/19 v/v). Furthermore, much lower limit of detections (0.02 μg/mL) than the maximum residual limits from European Commission (0.075-0.100 μg/mL) were obtained.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lis H, Paszkiewicz M, Godlewska K, Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Ionic liquid-based functionalized materials for analytical chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Altınışık Tağaç A, Erdem P, Seyhan Bozkurt S, Merdivan M. Utilization of montmorillonite nanocomposite incorporated with natural biopolymers and benzyl functionalized dicationic imidazolium based ionic liquid coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides prior to GC/MS and GC/ECD. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339075. [PMID: 34711316 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel montmorillonite clay (MMT) bionanocomposite modified with chitosan (CH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and benzylimidazolium based dicationic ionic liquid with tetraethylene glycol linker (DIL) was fabricated on stainless steel wire by in situ process. The MMT-CH-CMC-DIL coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was examined for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in real samples by HS-SPME-GC method using mass spectrometry (MS) and electron capture detector (ECD). Under optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibited low limits of detection (0.5 ng L-1 with MS and 0.1 ng L-1 with ECD detection), good linearities (R2 = 0.9972-0.9993 with MS and 0.9987-0.9998 with ECD detection), favorable single-fiber repeatability, and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (less than 8.2% and 9.9% for both types of detection) and high reusability around 125 cycles. Recovery studies were carried out for OCPs in tap water, green tea, and milk samples to verify the applicability of the developed SPME-GC method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Altınışık Tağaç
- Chemistry Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, 35390, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Erdem
- Chemistry Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, 35390, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Seyhan Bozkurt
- Chemistry Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, 35390, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melek Merdivan
- Chemistry Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, 35390, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moga A, Vergara-Barberán M, Lerma-García MJ, Carrasco-Correa EJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Simó-Alfonso EF. Determination of antibiotics in meat samples using analytical methodologies: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1681-1716. [PMID: 33522137 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used to prevent or treat some diseases in human and veterinary medicine and also as animal growth promoters. The presence of these compounds in foods derived from food-producing animals can be a risk for human health. Consequently, regulatory agencies have set maximum residue limits for antibiotics in food samples. Therefore, the development of novel methodologies for its determination in food samples is required. Specifically, the analysis and quantification of these substances in meat tissues is a challenge for the analytical chemistry research community. This is due to the complexity of the matrix and the low detection limits required by the regulatory agencies. In this sense, a comprehensive review on the development of new sample preparation treatments involving extraction, cleanup, and enrichment steps of antibiotics in meat samples in combination with sensitive and sophisticated determination techniques that have been carry out in the last years is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this work is to summarize the published methodologies for the determination of antibiotics from 2016 until the beginning of the second semester of 2020. The first part of this review includes an introduction about antibiotic families, followed by sample preparation and determination techniques applied to the different families. Finally, a detailed discussion of the current trends and the future possible perspectives in this field are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Moga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Burjassot, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo M, Xing K, Guo Z, Guo D, Lai W, Peng J. Sensitive immunoassays based on a monoclonal antibody for detection of marbofloxacin in milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7791-7800. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Guan S, Wu H, Yang L, Wang Z, Wu J. Use of a magnetic covalent organic framework material with a large specific surface area as an effective adsorbent for the extraction and determination of six fluoroquinolone antibiotics by HPLC in milk sample. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3775-3784. [PMID: 32706488 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic covalent organic framework material was synthesized with a core-shell structure using a simple solvothermal method. It was prepared with Fe3 O4 as the magnetic core, covalent organic framework as the shell, which synthesized from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and p-phenylenediamine by Schiff base reaction. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption were used to characterize magnetic adsorbent. It has showed a large specific surface area (505.6 m2 /g), which can provide many adsorption sites. Moreover, the saturation magnetization value was 48.4 emu/g enough to be separated by external magnet. Six kinds of fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, fleroxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and lomefloxacin) were extracted by magnetic solid phase extraction with the magnetic adsorbent. High-performance liquid chromatography detects the entire adsorption and desorption process to further evaluate the optimal extraction and desorption conditions. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, this method showed a low detection limit (0.05 to 0.20 μg/L), good linearity in the range of 0.5 to 200 μg/L, and the enrichment factor reaches 115.5-127.3. The spiked recovery of the fluoroquinolones in milk sample ranged from 90.4 to 101.2%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Guan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Shanxi Normal University) Ministry of Education, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Shanxi Normal University) Ministry of Education, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Shanxi Normal University) Ministry of Education, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhuliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Shanxi Normal University) Ministry of Education, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Shanxi Normal University) Ministry of Education, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Passos MLC, Sousa E, Saraiva MLMFS. Immobilized imidazolium-based ionic liquids in C18 for solid-phase extraction. Analyst 2020; 145:2701-2708. [PMID: 32072997 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two solid-phases based on imidazolium-based ionic liquids were obtained and characterized for solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones. The process of immobilization was performed replacing a toxic reagent by UV-irradiation to get a harmless process. The obtained solid-phases were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Each solid-phase was packed in a cartridge and was used in solid-phase extraction processes for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, after the optimization of some parameters such as the elution solvent, the eluent volume and, the sample volume to be used during the loading step. The developed solid-phases with immobilized ionic liquids were successfully implemented for the studied compounds and indicate high probabilities to be useful in solid-phase extractions of other fluoroquinolones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieta L C Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pacheco-Fernández I, Allgaier-Díaz DW, Mastellone G, Cagliero C, Díaz DD, Pino V. Biopolymers in sorbent-based microextraction methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
10
|
Li S, Zhou X, Xu Q, Liu D, Cui R, Li X. Transition Metal–organic Coordination Polymers Containing 6‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐2(1H)‐Pyridinone: Synthesis, Structure and Fluorescent Sensing for Enoxacin. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Qiwei Xu
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Ruifang Cui
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vardali SC, Manousi N, Barczak M, Giannakoudakis DA. Novel Approaches Utilizing Metal-Organic Framework Composites for the Extraction of Organic Compounds and Metal Traces from Fish and Seafood. Molecules 2020; 25:E513. [PMID: 31991663 PMCID: PMC7036755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of organic and inorganic pollutants in fish samples is a complex and demanding process, due to their high protein and fat content. Various novel sorbents including graphene, graphene oxide, molecular imprinted polymers, carbon nanotubes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported for the extraction and preconcentration of a wide range of contaminants from fish tissue. MOFs are crystalline porous materials that are composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic linkers. Those materials exhibit extraordinary properties including high surface area, tunable pore size as well as good thermal and chemical stability. Therefore, metal-organic frameworks have been recently used in many fields of analytical chemistry including sample pretreatment, fabrication of stationary phases and chiral separations. Various MOFs, and especially their composites or hybrids, have been successfully utilized for the sample preparation of fish samples for the determination of organic (i.e., antibiotics, antimicrobial compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) and inorganic pollutants (i.e., mercury, palladium, cadmium, lead, etc.) as such or after functionalization with organic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C. Vardali
- Institute of Biological Marine Resources, Hellenic Center of Marine Research, Agios Kosmas, Hellenikon, 16777 Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mariusz Barczak
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mahmood H, Moniruzzaman M. Recent Advances of Using Ionic Liquids for Biopolymer Extraction and Processing. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900072. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamayoun Mahmood
- Department of ChemicalPolymer and Composite Materials EngineeringUniversity of Engineering & Technology New campus, G. T. Road 39020 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Center of Researches in Ionic LiquidsUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li G, Ho Row K. Ionic liquid based on imidazolium cation to modify functional materials on separation of active compounds. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1541805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Preparation and application of a restricted access material with hybrid poly(glycerol mono-methacrylate) and cross-linked bovine serum albumin as hydrophilic out layers for directly on-line high performance liquid chromatography analysis of enrofloxacin and gatifloxacin in milk samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1573:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Isocratic Resolution of Fluoroquinolone-Based Antibiotics on the Phenylethyl-Bonded Phase under Nonaqueous Elution: A Consideration of the Separation Mechanism. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:1375215. [PMID: 29955229 PMCID: PMC6000864 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1375215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the isocratic resolution of 10 fluoroquinolone-based antibiotics and their precursors on the phenylethyl-bonded phase under the elution of the nonaqueous mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid, and triethylamine. Most of the analytes were baseline resolved within 10 minutes. The interaction simulation and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data indicated that the carbonyl-containing group, a secondary or tertiary amine of an analyte, was heavily involved in the retention, resulting in retention with residual silanol groups on the stationary phase. In some cases, the elution reversal or resolution enhancement of analytes was observed when the volume of acidic or basic additive in the mobile phase was dominant. However, the π-π complexation interaction between the fluorine-attached phenyl group of the analyte and the phenylethyl moiety on the stationary phase was not observed. Consequently, the resolution could not be reproduced either on the other stationary phase modified with C18, phenyl, or phenylhexyl moiety under the same chromatographic conditions or under the aqueous elution.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang XX, Yu H, Wang G. Effect of ultraviolet absorption reagent for determination of piperidinium ionic liquid cations by ion pair chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1343734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spider-web-like chitosan/MIL-68(Al) composite nanofibers for high-efficient solid phase extraction of Pb(II) and Cd(II). Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|