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Jantra J, Teepoo S, Thananimit S. Smartphone-based imaging colorimetric assay for monitoring the quality of curcumin in turmeric powder. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1311-1321. [PMID: 38607598 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This research developed a colorimetric assay for semi-quantitative curcumin detection. The screening test was performed using a ferric chloride to form a brownish color which was further used to evaluate the amount of curcumin in the turmeric powder samples. The quantitative assay was performed based on the color intensity of the curcumin target using a smartphone digital image colorimetry with a developed lightbox constructed with a white light-emitting diodes (LED) light source as the measurement device. Images in red, green, and blue (RGB) color were processed to obtain relevant colors from the image and the color values were used to analyze curcumin concentrations. The intensity of the ΔB was correlated to the concentration of curcumin with high sensitivity. The method showed a linear range between 0.25 and 5 mg L-1 with the LOD and LOQ of 0.12 and 0.41 mg L-1, respectively. Sample analysis was carried out in turmeric powders. Curcumin in turmeric powder samples was simply extracted using acetonitrile followed by dilution 100 times for sample preparation. The accuracy was tested by spiking 0.25, 1.00, and 4.00 mg L-1 of standard curcumin into the turmeric sample solution. The average percentage recoveries were acceptable in all samples (90-104%). The method was validated by comparing the results obtained from the proposed method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongjit Jantra
- King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Suchera Thananimit
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W. The Golden Spice for Life: Turmeric with the Pharmacological Benefits of Curcuminoids Components, Including Curcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, and Demethoxycurcumins. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:665-683. [PMID: 37287298 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230607124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, is a perennial rhizomatous plant of tropical and subtropical regions. The three major chemical components responsible for the biological activities of turmeric are curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. METHODS The literature search included review articles, analytical studies, randomized control experiments, and observations, which have been gathered from various sources, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. A review of the literature was carried out using the keywords: turmeric, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Iranian medicine, traditional Indian medicine, curcumin, curcuminoids, pharmaceutical benefits, turmerone, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The main components of the rhizome of the leaf are α-turmerone, β-turmerone, and arturmerone. RESULTS The notable health benefits of turmeric are antioxidant activity, gastrointestinal effects, anticancer effects, cardiovascular and antidiabetic effects, antimicrobial activity, photoprotector activity, hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects, and appropriate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory and edematic disorders. DISCUSSION Curcuminoids are phenolic compounds usually used as pigment spices with many health benefits, such as antiviral, antitumour, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anticancer, and antifungal effects. Curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin are the major active and stable bioactive constituents of curcuminoids. Curcumin, which is a hydroponic polyphenol, and the main coloring agent in the rhizomes of turmeric, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anticarcinogenic activities, as well as beneficial effects for infectious diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Bisdemethoxycurcumin possesses antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-metastasis activities. Demethoxycurcumin, which is another major component, has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-cancer activities and is the appropriate candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION The goal of this review is to highlight the health benefits of turmeric in both traditional and modern pharmaceutical sciences by considering the important roles of curcuminoids and other major chemical constituents of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Haq N, Shahid M, Alaofi AL, Ahmad ZH, Alrayyes YF, Alsarra IA, Shakeel F. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoemulsion-Based Polyherbal Mouthwash. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41755-41764. [PMID: 37970055 PMCID: PMC10634260 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
A nanoemulsion-based polyherbal mouthwash (PHFX) of Curcuma longa hydroalcoholic extract was developed and evaluated for its antibacterial effects against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral pathogens in comparison to standard chlorhexidine acetate (CHD-A) (positive control). Various nanoemulsion-based mouthwashes of C. longa extract were produced using an aqueous phase titration approach via construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams. The developed nanoemulsion-based PHFX was studied for thermodynamic stability tests. Selected formulations (PHFX1-PHFX5) were characterized physicochemically for droplet diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), refractive index (RI), transmittance, and pH. The drug release studies were performed using the dialysis method. Based on the minimum droplet diameter (26.34 nm), least PDI (0.132), optimal RI (1.337), maximum %T (99.13), optimal pH (6.45), and maximum cumulative drug release (98.2%), formulation PHFX1 (containing 0.5% w/w of C. longa extract, 1.5% w/w of clove oil, 7.0% w/w of Tween-80, 7.0% w/w of Transcutol-HP, and 84.0% w/w of water) was selected for antimicrobial studies in comparison to standard CHD-A. The antibacterial effects and minimum inhibitory concentration were studied against various Gram-positive oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative oral pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial effects of PHFX1 were found to be significant over standard CHD-A against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral pathogens. The antimicrobial studies showed that the formulation PHFX1 was effective against all oral pathogens even at 3- to 4-fold lower working concentrations. These findings indicated the potential of nanoemulsion-based mouthwash in the treatment of a variety of oral pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Haq
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed L. Alaofi
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Heera Ahmad
- Dental
University Hospital, King Saud University
Medical City, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser F. Alrayyes
- Dental
University Hospital, King Saud University
Medical City, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alsarra
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Brenner MB, Flory S, Wüst M, Frank J, Wagner K. Novel Biphasic In Vitro Dissolution Method Correctly Predicts the Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15632-15643. [PMID: 37824789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro dissolution methods correctly predicting in vivo bioavailability of compounds from complex mixtures are lacking. We therefore used data on the in vivo performance of bioavailability-improved curcumin formulations to implement an in vivo predictive dissolution method (BiPHa+). BiPHa+ was applied for the characterization of eight curcumin formulations previously studied in a strictly controlled pharmacokinetic human trial. During dissolution, the dissolved proportion of curcumin in the aqueous medium underwent a formulation-dependent reduction, whereas the proportion remained stable in the organic layer. Compared with conventional dissolution systems, BiPHa+ was superior in terms of in vivo-relevant formulation characterization. All formulations could be precisely categorized according to their bioavailability in humans. In vitro-in vivo relationships for each dissolution method were established, with BiPHa+ providing the highest degree of linearity (r2 = 0.9975). The BiPHa+ assay correctly predicted the bioavailability of curcuminoids from complex mixtures and provided mechanistic information about formulation-dependent release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Benedikt Brenner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Flory
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Siudem P, Szeleszczuk Ł, Zielińska A, Paradowska K. 13C CPMAS NMR as an Alternative Method to Verify the Quality of Dietary Supplements Containing Curcumin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083442. [PMID: 37110676 PMCID: PMC10143288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric is a traditional Indian spice that has recently become very popular worldwide because it contains a powerful ingredient called curcumin, which has strong anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, dietary supplements containing extracts rich in curcumin have gained great popularity. The main problems related to curcumin-containing dietary supplements are poor water solubility and the fact that they are often faked by using synthetic curcumin instead of the plant extract. In this article, we propose the use of the 13C CPMAS NMR method to control the quality of dietary supplements. The analysis of 13C CPMAS NMR spectra supported by GIPAW computations allowed us to identify a polymorphic form present in dietary supplements (which affected the solubility of curcumin) and to point out a dietary supplement that could be faked by using synthetic curcumin. Further PXRD and HPLC investigations confirmed that the examined supplement contained synthetic curcumin instead of the genuine extract. Our method can be used for routine control, especially because the investigation is performed directly from the capsule/tablet content and does not require any special sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Siudem
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zielińska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paradowska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Mohammed HA, Alsahabi DS, Hegazy AM, Khan RA, Ahmed AM. Analytical Purity Determinations of Universal Food-Spice Curcuma longa through a Q bD Validated HPLC Approach with Critical Parametric Predictors and Operable-Design's Monte Carlo Simulations: Analysis of Extracts, Forced-Degradants, and Capsules and Tablets-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051010. [PMID: 36900526 PMCID: PMC10000774 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of analytical quality by design (QbD) approach for developing HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) methods for food components assays, and separations of complex natural product mixtures, are still limited. The current study developed and validated, for the first time, a stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determinations of curcuminoids in Curcuma longa extracts, tablets, capsules, and curcuminoids' forced degradants under different experimental conditions. Towards separation strategy, critical method parameters (CMPs) were defined as the mobile phase solvents' percent-ratio, the pH of the mobile phase, and the stationary-phase column temperature, while the peaks resolution, retention time, and the number of theoretical plates were recognized as the critical method attributes (CMAs). Factorial experimental designs were used for method development, validation, and robustness evaluation of the procedure. The Monte Carlo simulation evaluated the developing method's operability, and that ensured the concurrent detections of curcuminoids in natural extracts, commercial-grade pharmaceutical dosage-forms, and the forced degradants of the curcuminoids in a single mixture. The optimum separations were accomplished using the mobile phase, consisting of an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (54:46 v/v, 0.1 mM) with 1.0 mL/min flow rate, 33 °C column temperature, and 385 nm wavelength for UV (Ultra Violet) spectral detections. The method is specific, linear (R2 ≥ 0.999), precise (% RSD < 1.67%), and accurate (% recovery 98.76-99.89%), with LOD (Limit of Detection) and LOQ (Limit of Quantitation) at 0.024 and 0.075 µg/mL for the curcumin, 0.0105 µg/mL and 0.319 µg/mL for demethoxycurcumin, and 0.335 µg/mL and 1.015 µg/mL for the bisdemethoxycurcumin, respectively. The method is compatible, robust, precise, reproducible, and accurately quantifies the composition of the analyte mixture. It exemplifies the use of the QbD approach in acquiring design details for developing an improved analytical detection and quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Dhafer S. Alsahabi
- PharmD Graduate, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Hegazy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62574, Egypt
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Adel M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
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7
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Greener Stability-Indicating HPLC Approach for the Determination of Curcumin in In-House Developed Nanoemulsion and Curcuma longa L. Extract. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that several analytical methodologies have been reported for the determination of curcumin (CCM) in a wide range of sample matrices, the greener liquid chromatographic approaches to determine CCM are scarce in the literature. Therefore, this research is designed to develop and validate a greener stability-indicating “high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)” methodology to determine CCM in an in-house developed nanoemulsion, Curcuma longa L. extract, and commercial tablets. CCM was measured on a Nucleodur (150 mm × 4.6 mm) RP C18 column with 5 µm-sized particles. Ethanol and ethyl acetate (83:17 v/v) made up the greener eluent system, which was pumped at a flow speed of 1.0 mL/min. At a wavelength of 425 nm, CCM was detected. The greener HPLC methodology was linear in the 1–100 µg/mL range, with a determination coefficient of 0.9983. The greener HPLC methodology for CCM estimation was also rapid (Rt = 3.57 min), accurate (%recoveries = 98.90–101.85), precise (%CV = 0.90–1.11), and sensitive (LOD = 0.39 µg/mL and LOQ = 1.17 µg/mL). The AGREE approach predicted the AGREE score of 0.81 for the established HPLC technique, indicating an outstanding greenness profile. The utility of the greener HPLC methodology was demonstrated by determining CCM in the in-house developed nanoemulsion, Curcuma longa extract, and commercial tablets. The % amount of CCM in the in-house developed nanoemulsion, Curcuma longa extract, and commercial tablets was found to be 101.24%, 81.15%, and 78.41%, respectively. The greener HPLC methodology was able to detect its degradation product under various stress conditions, suggesting its stability-indication characteristics. These results suggested that CCM in developed nanoemulsion, plant extract samples, and commercial tablets may be routinely determined using the greener HPLC methodology.
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8
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Curcumin-Encapsulated Nanomicelles Improve Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity in Cisplatin-Resistant Human Oral Cancer Cells. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040158. [PMID: 36278627 PMCID: PMC9589971 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer has a high mortality rate, which is mostly determined by the stage of the disease at the time of admission. Around half of all patients with oral cancer report with advanced illness. Hitherto, chemotherapy is preferred to treat oral cancer, but the emergence of resistance to anti-cancer drugs is likely to occur after a sequence of treatments. Curcumin is renowned for its anticancer potential but its marred water solubility and poor bioavailability limit its use in treating multidrug-resistant cancers. As part of this investigation, we prepared and characterized Curcumin nanomicelles (CUR-NMs) using DSPE-PEG-2000 and evaluated the anticancer properties of cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines. The prepared CUR-NMs were sphere-shaped and unilamellar in structure, with a size of 32.60 ± 4.2 nm. CUR-NMs exhibited high entrapment efficiency (82.2%), entrapment content (147.96 µg/mL), and a mean zeta potential of −17.5ζ which is considered moderately stable. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies revealed that CUR-NMs had significantly higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in cisplatin drug-resistant oral cancer cell lines and parental oral cancer cells compared to plain curcumin (CUR). The DAPI and FACS analysis corroborated a high percentage of apoptotic cells with CUR-NMs (31.14%) compared to neat CUR (19.72%) treatment. Conclusively, CUR-NMs can potentially be used as an alternative carrier system to improve the therapeutic effects of curcumin in the treatment of cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer.
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10
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Setyaningsih D, Santoso YA, Hartini YS, Murti YB, Hinrichs WL, Patramurti C. Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for simultaneous quantification of curcumin and piperine in a microparticle formulation containing Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06541. [PMID: 33851044 PMCID: PMC8024612 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor bioavailability has been reported as a major challenge in the development of curcumin as a pharmaceutical agent. However, co-administration of curcumin with piperine has been shown to improve curcumin bioavailability. Therefore, to assure product control quality, an analytical method needs to be developed for the determination of curcumin and piperine content in a dosage form formulation. The objective of this study was to develop a simple isocratic reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method to simultaneously quantify curcumin and piperine content in solid dispersion based microparticle formulation containing Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum extracts. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guideline. Chromatographic separation of three curcuminoids and piperine could be achieved using acetonitrile-methanol-water of 65:5:35 %, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wavelength of 353 nm for detection. Resolution (Rs) of 3.57 and 1.68 for piperine and curcumin, respectively, a theoretical plate number (N) > 8000 and a tailing factor (T) < 1.5 indicate a satisfactory separation of the compounds. The calibration curve was linear from 1.25-15 μg/mL and 2.5-30 μg/mL for piperine and curcumin, respectively, with the correlation coefficient of >0.999. The intra-day/inter-day accuracy and precision demonstrated a recovery of 99.54-101.50%/99.38-99.89% and 100.78-102.51%/101.15-102.47% with a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 0.53-0.95%/0.13-1.44 % and 0.28-1.62%/0.46-1.14% for piperine/curcumin. The limit of detection (LOD) were 0.27 and 0.42 μg/mL, for piperine and curcumin, which reveals an adequate sensitivity. A solid dispersion based microparticle formulation containing C. longa and P. nigrum extracts confirmed the validity of the developed method as a recovery of 91.14% and 99.14% for piperine and curcumin, respectively. In conclusion, all the tested parameters confirm the precision, accuracy, and reliability of the method for the simultaneous analysis of curcumin and piperine within a microparticle formulation containing C. longa and P. nigrum extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Peram MR, Patil SR, Kumbar VM, Kugaji MS, Bhat KG, Diwan PV, Jalalpure S. An RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Linagliptin Entrapped in Nanotransfersomes and its Application to Skin Permeation Studies. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191116103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Linagliptin (LNG) is an oral hypoglycemic agent that acts by inhibiting
the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 (DPP-4) and reduces blood sugar levels in type-II diabetic patients.
To date, the literature presents few analytical methods for the determination of LNG. However,
no reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been reported
for the determination of LNG in nanotransfersomes and in vitro skin permeation samples.
Objective:
The present study involves the development and validation of RP-HPLC method to
quantify LNG in both nanotransfersomes and in vitro skin permeation and deposition samples.
Methods:
The chromatographic analysis was performed on Luna C18 (2) column (250 x 4.6 mm,
5μm particle size) with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol: 0.2% orthophosphoric
acid (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength of 227 nm, and column temperature
of 40 °C.
Results:
The method was found to be specific, linear (r2 ≥ 0.999; 2-12 μg/mL), precise at both
intra and inter-day levels (percentage relative standard deviation; % RSD < 2.00), accurate (percentage
recovery 100.21-103.83%), and robust. The detection and quantification limits were 0.27
and 0.82 μg/mL, respectively. The mean % entrapment efficiency and the cumulative amount of
LNG permeated across the rat skin from different transfersomal formulations ranged between
40.78 ± 2.54 % to 52.26 ± 2.15 % and 79.54 ± 16.67 to 200.74 ± 35.13 μg/cm2 respectively.
Conclusion:
The method was successfully applied to determine the entThe method was successfully applied to determine the entrapment efficiency, in vitro
skin permeation and deposition behavior of LNG-nanotransfersomes.rapment efficiency, in vitro skin permeation and deposition behavior of LNG-nanotransfersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Sachin R. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Vijay M. Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Manohar S. Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Prakash V. Diwan
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, Indonesia
| | - Sunil Jalalpure
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
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Parab Gaonkar V, Hullatti K. Quality assessment and RP-HPLC method development for estimation of curcuminoids in Curcuma longa: A Quality by Design approach. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1848862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Parab Gaonkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) Belagavi, Belagavi, India
| | - Kirankumar Hullatti
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) Belagavi, Belagavi, India
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Facile NMR approach for profiling curcuminoids present in turmeric. Food Chem 2020; 341:128646. [PMID: 33229161 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, together with demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin as a whole called curcuminoids, is an active phytochemical constituent present in the turmeric. When it comes to their analysis, most will rely on UV-Visible spectroscopy, HPLC and LC-MS methods. Looking to improve productivity, time and simplicity, we are proposing a 1H NMR based approach for curcuminoids analysis and its applications to different geographical regions. In the present work, sample preparation protocol is reported for the simultaneous determination of curcuminoids using 1H NMR. For the quantification of curcuminoids, 6-7 ppm vinylic proton region in the 1H NMR spectrum was used, where acetone was observed as the suitable solvent in terms of curcuminoids solubility and proper resolution of peak. The result shows that curcumin (46.8-59.50%) was major among all varieties, followed by DMC (22.15-27.70%) and BDMC (17.52-30.29%) except in Andhrapradesh variety, where BDMC (30.29%) was more than DMC (22.89%). These studies were further supported by HPLC analysis.
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Characterization, Classification and Authentication of Turmeric and Curry Samples by Targeted LC-HRMS Polyphenolic and Curcuminoid Profiling and Chemometrics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122942. [PMID: 32604759 PMCID: PMC7355898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of monitoring bioactive substances as food features to address sample classification and authentication is increasing. In this work, targeted liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) polyphenolic and curcuminoid profiles were evaluated as chemical descriptors to deal with the characterization and classification of turmeric and curry samples. The profiles corresponding to bioactive substances were obtained by TraceFinderTM software using accurate mass databases with 53 and 24 polyphenolic and curcuminoid related compounds, respectively. For that purpose, 21 turmeric and 9 curry samples commercially available were analyzed in triplicate by a simple liquid-solid extraction procedure using dimethyl sulfoxide as extracting solvent. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed profiles were excellent chemical descriptors for sample characterization and classification by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), achieving 100% classification rates. Curcuminoids and some specific phenolic acids such as trans-cinnamic, ferulic and sinapic acids, helped on the discrimination of turmeric samples; polyphenols, in general, were responsible for the curry sample distinction. Besides, the combination of both polyphenolic and curcuminoid profiles was necessary for the simultaneous characterization and classification of turmeric and curry samples. Discrimination among turmeric species such as Curcuma longa vs. Curcuma zedoaria, as well as among different Curcuma longa varieties (Alleppey, Madras and Erode) was also accomplished.
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Characterization of Turmeric and Curry Samples by Liquid Chromatography with Spectroscopic Detection Based on Polyphenolic and Curcuminoid Contents. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with the characterization of turmeric and related products using the compositional fingerprints of curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) and other phenolic compounds (e.g., hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids) as the source of analytical information. Under this approach, the quantitative determination of analytes becomes unnecessary and even data from unknown components can be advantageously exploited for sample exploration and authentication. The methodology relied on sample extraction with hydro-organic solvents to recover the components of interest and further analysis of the corresponding extracts by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Extraction conditions were optimized focusing on the independent recovery of curcuminoids and polyphenols. Two different HPLC methods under reversed-phase mode were used to generate the chromatographic fingerprints at 420 and 280 nm for the specific monitoring of curcuminoids and polyphenols, respectively. Both extraction and separation steps were optimized under experimental design approaches to achieve the richest compositional fingerprints in terms of variety of components. The resulting data was subsequently treated chemometrically by principal component analysis (PCA) and related classification methods to achieve a better overall description of samples. Polyphenolic fingerprints were appropriate to discriminate among turmeric and mixed spices, while curcuminoid fingerprints could be useful to distinguish turmeric varieties.
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Kumbar VM, Peram MR, Kugaji MS, Shah T, Patil SP, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG. Effect of curcumin on growth, biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Odontology 2020; 109:18-28. [PMID: 32279229 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen and major colonizer in host tissue which plays a pivotal role in periodontitis among the other polymicrobial infections. Increasing facts demonstrate that curcumin has antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effect against the periodontopathogens through diverse mechanisms that have a positive impact on periodontal health. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effect of curcumin on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of P. gingivalis. By using gene expression studies, we exploited the mechanism of anti-biofilm effects of curcumin on P. gingivalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of curcumin for both ATCC and clinical strains of P. gingivalis were found to be 62.5 and 125 µg ml-1 respectively. Curcumin prevented bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, curcumin attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of genes coding for major virulence factors, including adhesions (fimA, hagA, and hagB) and proteinases (rgpA, rgpB, and kgp). The results indicated that curcumin has shown anti-biofilm as well as antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Further, curcumin because of its pleiotropic actions could be a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Tejas Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Vadgaon Budruk, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 0 41, India
| | - Sanjivani P Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Uday M Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University (Formerly Known as B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology), BVB Campus, Hubli, Karnataka, 580031, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India.
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Kotra VSR, Satyabanta L, Goswami TK. A critical review of analytical methods for determination of curcuminoids in turmeric. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:5153-5166. [PMID: 31749463 PMCID: PMC6838282 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is one of the most important ingredients in Indian and Chinese cuisine. Curcuminoids and volatile oils present in turmeric are known for their functional and nutraceutical properties. Health benefits attributed to curcuminoids have resulted in their wide utilization in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, characterization and estimation of the curcuminoids in fresh/dry turmeric, food and nutraceutical products are essential for their quality control during processing and storage. To meet the demand for analytical methods of curcuminoids, several methods have been developed for their quantification in turmeric powder and food formulations. In the present review, various analytical methods (spectrophotometric, chromatographic, capillary electrophoresis and biosensor techniques) which are used for monitoring curcuminoids have been thoroughly summarized and discussed. The spectrophotometric method is not useful when individual components of curcuminoids are required. Mobile phase optimization, the broadness of spots, plate-to-plate variations are significant limitations for TLC and HPTLC methods. Many analysts believe that HPLC method is the best choice for curcuminoids determination because of its rapid analysis. Spectrofluorimetry and Electrochemical methods are the more advanced methods with high sensitivity as well as rapid analysis. However, the selection of analytical method for curcuminoids analysis depends on the type of sample matrix, purpose of the analysis and limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Subba Rao Kotra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Laishram Satyabanta
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Tridib Kumar Goswami
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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Kotha RR, Luthria DL. Curcumin: Biological, Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Analytical Aspects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162930. [PMID: 31412624 PMCID: PMC6720683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric is a curry spice that originated from India, which has attracted great interest in recent decades because it contains bioactive curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione), a lipophilic polyphenol may work as an anticancer, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging agent as suggested by several in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. However, poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles limit curcumin’s therapeutic usage. To address these issues, several curcumin formulations have been developed. However, suboptimal sample preparation and analysis methodologies often hamper the accurate evaluation of bioactivities and their clinical efficacy. This review summarizes recent research on biological, pharmaceutical, and analytical aspects of the curcumin. Various formulation techniques and corresponding clinical trials and in vivo outcomes are discussed. A detailed comparison of different sample preparation (ultrasonic, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave, reflux) and analytical (FT-IR, FT-NIR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR, HPTLC, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS) methodologies used for the extraction and quantification of curcuminoids in different matrices, is presented. Application of optimal sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection methodologies will significantly improve the assessment of different formulations and biological activities of curcuminoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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A validated stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of resveratrol and piperine in cubosome and human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1122-1123:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Peram MR, Jalalpure S, Kumbar V, Patil S, Joshi S, Bhat K, Diwan P. Factorial design based curcumin ethosomal nanocarriers for the skin cancer delivery: in vitro evaluation. J Liposome Res 2019; 29:291-311. [PMID: 30526186 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1556292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most deadly and life-threatening form of skin cancer with progressively higher rates of incidence worldwide. The objective of the present investigation is to develop and to statistically optimize and characterize curcumin (CUR) loaded ethosomes for treatment of melanoma. A two factor, three level (32) factorial design approach was employed for the optimization of ethosomes. The prepared ethosomes were evaluated for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro skin permeation and deposition ability. The optimized ethosomal formulation was evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies using A375 human melanoma cells. The optimized formulation has imperfect round shaped unilamellar structures with a mean vesicle size of 247 ± 5.25 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 92.24 ± 0.20%. The in vitro skin permeation studies proved the superiority of ethosomes over the traditional liposomes in terms of the amount of drug permeated and deposited in skin layers. Fluorescence microscopy showed the enhanced penetration of ethosomes into the deeper layers of the skin. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies revealed that curcumin ethosomes have significantly improved cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in A375 human melanoma cell lines. The colony formation assay results showed that curcumin ethosomes have a superior antiproliferative effect as they effectively inhibit the clonogenic ability of A375 cells. The flow cytometry results indicate that curcumin ethosomes induce cell death in A375 cells by apoptosis mechanism. The present study provides a strong rationale and motivation for further investigation of newly developed curcumin ethosomes as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswara Rao Peram
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy , Belagavi , India.,b Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre , Belagavi , India
| | - Sunil Jalalpure
- c Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research , Belagavi , India.,d Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research , Belagavi , India
| | - Vijay Kumbar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy , Belagavi , India
| | - Sachin Patil
- e Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research , Belagavi , India
| | - Sumit Joshi
- f Department of Pharmacology, KLE Society's College of Pharmacy , Nipani , India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy , Belagavi , India
| | - Prakash Diwan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy , Belagavi , India
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Shengule S, Kumbhare K, Patil D, Mishra S, Apte K, Patwardhan B. Herb-drug interaction of Nisha Amalaki and Curcuminoids with metformin in normal and diabetic condition: A disease system approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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