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Yang Y, Ju Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang Z. Phytochemical analysis of Panax species: a review. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:1-21. [PMID: 33437152 PMCID: PMC7790905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
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Ligor M, Studzińska S, Horna A, Buszewski B. Corona-Charged Aerosol Detection: An Analytical Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.746134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Wang S, Zang W, Zhao X, Feng W, Zhao M, He X, Liu Q, Zheng X. Effects of Borneol on Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Notoginsenoside R1 and Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in Panax notoginseng in Rabbits. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:706723. [PMID: 23691437 PMCID: PMC3626250 DOI: 10.1155/2013/706723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Borneol on the pharmacokinetics of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) and the ginsenosides Rg1 (GRg1) and Re (GRe) in Panax notoginseng. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry was employed to determine the concentrations of the three compounds in rabbit plasma. In comparison with rabbits administrated Panax notoginseng extract alone, animals simultaneously taking Panax notoginseng extract and Borneol exhibited significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of NGR1, GRg1, and GRe, such as increasing their bioavailability. Quantities of NGR1, GRg1, and GRe in rabbit tissues were also increased after combining administration of Borneol. In addition, the apparent permeability coefficients (P app) of NGR1, GRg1, and GRe were raised by Borneol significantly in Caco-2 cells. However, no significant changes were observed in the efflux ratio (Er) of NGR1, GRg1 and GRe. These data indicate that Borneol has the properties of enhancing the intestinal absorption, increasing the distribution, and inhibiting the metabolism of NGR1, GRg1, and GRe. The underlying mechanism might be attributed to the loosening of the intercellular tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qinshe Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Bai CC, Han SY, Chai XY, Jiang Y, Li P, Tu PF. Sensitive Determination of Saponins in Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng by Charged Aerosol Detector Coupled with HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802603187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cai Bai
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacognosy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
- b State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yan Han
- b State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yun Chai
- c Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jiang
- b State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacognosy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacognosy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
- b State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, P. R. China
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Vehovec T, Obreza A. Review of operating principle and applications of the charged aerosol detector. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1549-56. [PMID: 20083252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently a new detection method, based upon aerosol charging (the charged aerosol detector (CAD)) has been introduced as an alternative to evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD), chemiluminescent nitrogen detector and refractive index detector for detection of non-ultraviolet and weakly ultraviolet active compounds and for UV-absorbing compounds in the absence of standards. The content of this review article includes description of operation principle, advantages and disadvantages of CAD system, and short reports of selected applications of this detector. The main advantages of CAD detector are unique performance characteristics: better sensitivity than ELSD system, a dynamic range of up to 4 orders of magnitude, ease of use and constancy of response factors. Both detectors are mass dependent and the response generated does not depend on the spectral or physicochemical properties of the analyte. This attractive feature of a detection technique generating universal response factors is the potential use of a single, universal standard for calibration against which all other compounds or impurities can be qualified. CAD also has the same limitation as ELSD, namely, the response is affected by mobile-phase composition. This problem has been resolved by using inverse gradient compensation as is done for high pressure liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. CAD has been applied for the analysis of structurally diverse compounds used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and consumer products industries and in life science research. They include nonvolatile and semivolatile neutral, acidic, basic, and zwitterionic compounds, both polar and nonpolar (e.g. lipids, proteins, steroids, polymers, carbohydrates, peptides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vehovec
- Stability Testing Department, Krka d.d., Smarjeska cesta 6, 8501 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
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Li L, Zhang JL, Sheng YX, Guo DA, Wang Q, Guo HZ. Simultaneous quantification of six major active saponins of Panax notoginseng by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:45-51. [PMID: 15907618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-UV (HPLC-UV) method has been developed for the first time to simultaneously quantify the six major active saponins of Panax notoginseng, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rg2, Rh1 and Rd. Astragaloside IV is used as the internal standard. This HPLC assay was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.01% formic acid in 30 min. The method provided good reproducibility and sensitivity for the quantification of six saponins with overall intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of less than 4.0% and higher than 90%, respectively. This assay is successfully applied to the determination of the six saponins in 23 notoginseng samples. The results indicated that the developed HPLC assay can be readily utilized as a quality control method for P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Abstract
Applications of chromatographic techniques to medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicines are outlined in this review. Areas involved are quantitation of active principles or index or principal components; quality evaluation of crude drugs; identification, characterization and preparative isolation of new compounds for medical use from plants; analysis of pharmaceutical preparations of plant origin and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies of herbal drugs and their preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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