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Studzińska S, Zawadzka E, Bocian S, Szumski M. Synthesis and application of stationary phase for DNA-affinity chromatographic analysis of unmodified and antisense oligonucleotide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5109-5119. [PMID: 34165593 PMCID: PMC8405468 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the research was the synthesis and application of an oligonucleotide immobilized stationary phase for the analysis of unmodified and antisense oligonucleotides. The method for attaching these molecules to aminopropyl silica modified with pentanedioic acid was developed. Each step of the synthesis was carefully controlled with the application of spectroscopic, elemental, and chromatographic analyses. The oligonucleotide-based stationary phase was applied for the retention studies. Unmodified oligonucleotides of different complementarity to the molecule attached as a stationary phase, as well as antisense oligonucleotides, were tested. The comparative study upon complex optimization of oligonucleotide analysis in different liquid chromatography modes was performed. Results have shown that this stationary phase may be applied for oligonucleotide analysis in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography, but no unique sequence-based selectivity was obtained. Contrary results were observed for affinity chromatography, which allowed for specific separation of the complementary strands based on hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions, where the temperature was the main factor influencing the selectivity of the separation. Furthermore, the oligonucleotide-based stationary phase may be applied for comparative antisense oligonucleotide hybridization studies to a specific RNA sequence. All of the results have shown that affinity chromatography with oligonucleotide-based stationary phases is a powerful technique for the specific base recognition of polynucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Zawadzka
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Szumski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Karkov HS, Woo J, Krogh BO, Ahmadian H, Cramer SM. Evaluation of selectivity in homologous multimodal chromatographic systems using in silico designed antibody fragment libraries. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Woo J, Parimal S, Brown MR, Heden R, Cramer SM. The effect of geometrical presentation of multimodal cation-exchange ligands on selective recognition of hydrophobic regions on protein surfaces. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1412:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Woo JA, Chen H, Snyder MA, Chai Y, Frost RG, Cramer SM. Defining the property space for chromatographic ligands from a homologous series of mixed-mode ligands. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kluska M, Bombik E, Witkowska-Krajewska E, Erchak N. SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF ALKYLFURYLSILANE ISOMERS FOR HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826071003608918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kluska
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Podlasie , Siedlce, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bombik
- b Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Podlasie , Siedlce, Poland
| | | | - Nikolai Erchak
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Podlasie , Siedlce, Poland
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Johansson BL, Belew M, Eriksson S, Glad G, Lind O, Maloisel JL, Norrman N. Preparation and characterization of prototypes for multi-modal separation aimed for capture of positively charged biomolecules at high-salt conditions. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1016:35-49. [PMID: 14601826 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several prototypes of aromatic (Ar) and non-aromatic (NoAr) cation-exchange ligands suitable for capture of proteins from high conductivity (ca. 30 mS/cm) mobile phases were coupled to Sepharose 6 Fast Flow. These new prototypes of multi-modal cation-exchangers were found by screening a diverse library of multi-modal ligands and selecting cation-exchangers resulting in elution of test proteins at high ionic-strength. Candidates were then tested with respect to breakthrough capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA), human IgG and lysozyme in buffers adjusted to a high conductivity. By applying a salt-step or a pH-step the recoveries were also tested. We have found that aromatic multi-modal cation-exchanger ligands based on carboxylic acids seem to be optimal for the capture of proteins at high-salt conditions. Experimental evidence on the importance of the relative position of the aromatic group in order to improve the breakthrough capacity at high-salt conditions has been found. It was also found that an amide group on the alpha-carbon was essential for capture of proteins at high-salt conditions. Compared to a strong cation-exchanger such as SP Sepharose Fast Flow the best new multi-modal weak cation-exchangers have breakthrough capacities of BSA, human IgG and lysozyme that are 10-30 times higher at high-salt conditions. The new multi-modal cation-exchangers can also be used at normal cation-exchange conditions and with either a salt-step or a pH-step (to pH-values where the proteins are negatively charged) to accomplish elution of proteins. In addition, the functional performance of the new cation-exchangers was found to be intact after treatment in 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution for 10 days. For BSA it was also possible to design cation-exchangers based on non-aromatic carboxyl acid ligands with high capacities at high-salt conditions. A common feature of these ligands is that they contain hydrogen acceptor groups close to the carboxylic group. Furthermore, it was also possible to obtain high breakthrough capacities for lysozyme and BSA of a strong cation-exchanger (SP Sepharose Fast Flow) if phenyl groups were attached to the beads. Varying the ligand ratio (SP/Phenyl) could be used for optimizing the function of mixed-ligand ion-exchange media.
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Johansson BL, Belew M, Eriksson S, Glad G, Lind O, Maloisel JL, Norrman N. Preparation and characterization of prototypes for multi-modal separation media aimed for capture of negatively charged biomolecules at high salt conditions. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1016:21-33. [PMID: 14601825 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several prototypes of multi-modal ligands suitable for the capture of negatively charged proteins from high conductivity (28 mS/cm) mobile phases were coupled to Sepharose 6 Fast Flow. These new prototypes of multi-modal anion-exchangers were found by screening a diverse library of multi-modal ligands and selecting anion-exchangers resulting in elution of test proteins at high ionic strength. Candidates were then tested with respect to breakthrough capacity of BSA in a buffer adjusted to a high conductivity (20 mM Piperazine and 0.25 M NaCl, pH 6.0). The recovery of BSA was also tested with a salt step (from 0.25 to 2.0 M NaCl using 20 mM Piperazine as buffer, pH 6.0) or with a pH-step to pH 4.0. We have found that non-aromatic multi-modal anion-exchange ligands based on primary or secondary amines (or both) are optimal for the capture of proteins at high salt conditions. Furthermore, these new multi-modal anion-exchange ligands have been designed to take advantage not only of electrostatic but also hydrogen bond interactions. This has been accomplished through modification of the ligands by the introduction of hydroxyl groups in the proximity of the ionic group. Experimental evidence on the importance of the relative position of the hydroxyl groups on the ligand in order to improve the breakthrough capacity of BSA has been found. Compared to strong anion-exchangers such as Q Sepharose Fast Flow the new multi-modal weak anion-exchangers have breakthrough capacities of BSA at mobile phases of 28 mS/cm and pH 6.0 that are 20-30 times higher. The new multi-modal anion-exchangers can also be used at normal anion-exchange conditions and with either a salt step or a pH-step to acidic pH can accomplish the elution of proteins. In addition, the functional performance of the new anion-exchangers was found to be intact after treatment in 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution for 1 week. A number of multi-modal anion-exchange ligands based on aromatic amines exhibiting high breakthrough capacity of BSA have been found. With these ligands recovery was often found to be low due to strong non-electrostatic interactions. However, for phenol derived anion-exchange media the recovery can be improved by desorption at high pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lennart Johansson
- Department of Polymer and Surface Chemistry, Research and Development, Amersham Biosciences, SE 751-84 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. A comparative study of hydrophobicity of octadecyl and alkylamide bonded phases based on methylene selectivity. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Buszewski B, Krupczyńska K, Gadzała-Kopciuch RM, Rychlicki G, Kaliszan R. Evaluation of HPLC columns: A study on surface homogeneity of chemically bonded stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200390037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Krouskop PE, McGuffin VL. Stochastic simulation of the partition mechanism with a heterogeneous surface phase. J Chromatogr A 2002; 959:49-64. [PMID: 12141561 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional stochastic model of chromatography has been used to determine the effect of multiple sites on the partition mechanism. The effect of additional sites on mass transfer rates, zone profiles, and their statistical moments are investigated as a function of the partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and interfacial barrier to mass transfer. These studies have demonstrated that changes in the partition coefficient alone are not sufficient to alter the system response from that of a single site. Changes in the diffusion coefficient and the barrier to mass transfer do cause changes in the response compared to that of a single site. The zone profiles produced by the systems become more asymmetric as the difference between the diffusion coefficients or the barriers to mass transfer increases. The site with the slower mass transfer rate plays the dominant role in the total system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Krouskop
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Suzuki Y, Quina FH, Berthod A, Williams RW, Culha M, Mohammadzai IU, Hinze WL. Covalently bound ionene polyelectrolyte-silica gel stationary phases for HPLC. Anal Chem 2001; 73:1754-65. [PMID: 11338589 DOI: 10.1021/ac001003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Micelle-mimetic ionene-based stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are prepared by attaching [3,16]- and [3,22]-ionenes to aminopropyl silica through a carbon-nitrogen bond. These [x,y]-ionenes are polyelectrolytic molecules consisting of dimethylammonium charge centers interconnected by alternating alkyl chain segments containing x and y methylene groups, some of which can form aggregate species whose properties mimic those of conventional surfactant micelles. These ionene-bonded stationary phases were characterized using different recommended HPLC test mixtures. Test solute chromatographic behavior on the ionene phases was found to be similar to that of intermediate oligomeric or polymeric C-18 and/or phenyl phases, depending upon the specific test mixture employed. In addition, the phases exhibit significant solute shape recognition ability. The ionene stationary phases were successfully employed for the separation of the components of the recommended ASTM reversed-phase test mixture, as well as for ortho-, meta- and para-disubstituted benzenes and other positional or geometric isomeric compounds. The ionene materials allow for chromatographic separations under either reversed-phase or ion-exchange conditions. The retention mechanism on these multimodal phases can occur by hydrophobic partitioning or electrostatic interactions, depending upon the characteristics of the components of the analyte mixture (neutral or anionic). The effects of alteration of the percent organic modifier, flow rate and temperature of the mobile phase on chromatographic retention and efficiency on these phases were briefly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, P.O. Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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Stella C, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Tchapla A. Silica and other materials as supports in liquid chromatography. Chromatographic tests and their importance for evaluating these supports. Part I. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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