1
|
Littlecott HJ, Moore GF, Evans RE, Melendez-Torres GJ, McCann M, Reed H, Mann M, Dobbie F, Jennings S, Donaldson C, Hawkins J. Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:424. [PMID: 36869343 PMCID: PMC9983235 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relationship between smoking and interpersonal influences has been well established within the literature. There have been cultural shifts in denormalisation and a reduction in tobacco smoking in many countries. Hence there is a need to understand social influences on adolescents' smoking across smoking normalisation contexts. METHODS The search was conducted in July 2019 and updated in March 2022 within 11 databases and secondary sources. Search terms included schools, adolescents, smoking, peers, social norms and qualitative research. Screening was conducted by two researchers independently and in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the eight-item Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-centre) tool for the appraisal of qualitative studies. Results were synthesised using a meta-narrative lens for meta-ethnography and compared across smoking normalisation contexts. RESULTS Forty one studies were included and five themes were developed, mapping onto the socio ecological model. The social processes by which adolescents take up smoking differed according to a mixture of school type, peer group structure and the smoking culture within the school, as well as the wider cultural context. Data available from smoking denormalised contexts, described changes in social interactions around smoking to cope with its stigmatisation. This was manifested through i) direct peer influence, whereby subtle techniques were employed, ii) group belonging whereby smoking was less likely to be seen as a key determinant of group membership and smoking was less commonly reported to be used as a social tool, and iii) popularity and identity construction, whereby smoking was perceived more negatively in a denormalised context, compared with a normalised context. CONCLUSIONS This meta-ethnography is the first study to demonstrate, drawing on international data, that peer processes in adolescent smoking may undergo changes as smoking norms within society change. Future research should focus on understanding differences across socioeconomic contexts, to inform the adaptation of interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Littlecott
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health (PSPH), Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, Munich, 81377, Germany.
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, Wales, UK.
| | - G F Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, Wales, UK
| | - R E Evans
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, Wales, UK
| | - G J Melendez-Torres
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), South Cloisters, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - M McCann
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - H Reed
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, Wales, UK
| | - M Mann
- Specialist Unit for Review Evidence, Cardiff University, 6th Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - F Dobbie
- Usher Institute- University of Edinburgh, Doorway 1, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - S Jennings
- Teaching and Learning for Health Professionals, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 39-41 St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8EZ, UK
| | - C Donaldson
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, Wales, UK
| | - J Hawkins
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Are French adolescents ready to adopt the electronic cigarette? A qualitative study of their knowledge and representations. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
3
|
Hewer RMF, Hill S, Amos A, consortium SILNER. Student perceptions of smoke-free school policies in Europe – a critical discourse analysis. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2020.1856332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Hill
- Global Health Policy Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Amos
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papanastasiou N, Hill S, Amos A. Evidence From Qualitative Studies of Youth About the Impacts of Tobacco Control Policy on Young People in Europe: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:863-870. [PMID: 29370431 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A range of tobacco control policies endeavor to prevent smoking uptake in young people, yet relatively little is known about how such interventions impact young people's engagement with smoking. We reviewed existing qualitative evidence on young people and smoking in Europe to assess whether, in what ways and why young people comply with, adapt to, resist, or circumvent tobacco control policies in their respective countries. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of academic literature presenting qualitative research from Europe on smoking and young people (11-18 years), published from 2000 to 2015. Bibliographic searches (PubMed, PsycInfo, SSCI) produced 1357 records, from which 43 relevant articles were assessed for quality and 39 included in the review. RESULTS Most studies were from the United Kingdom (27), with a small number (one or two each) from other European countries (Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, and Spain). Only 16 articles (11 from United Kingdom) provided any evidence about the impacts of tobacco control policies on young people's smoking. These focused on smoke-free legislation (four), age of sale laws (four), plain packaging (three), and black market tobacco (one). CONCLUSIONS There is very little qualitative evidence exploring the impacts of tobacco control on youth smoking in Europe. To develop more effective smoking prevention policies that take account of local political, social, and cultural contexts, more qualitative research from a wider range of European countries is needed to understand how tobacco control impacts on young people's social worlds and smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality in Europe. However, there is little qualitative evidence exploring the impact of tobacco control policies on young people in Europe. Most comes from the United Kingdom and focuses on a narrow range of policies. Thus, we have a limited understanding of how and in what ways tobacco control policies reach young people, their engagement with these, and how local context affects their impact. More qualitative research is needed, from a wider range of countries and on a broader range of tobacco control policies, to strengthen the evidence-base for reducing youth smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Papanastasiou
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Hill
- Global Public Health Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Amos
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bogueva D, Marinova D. What Is More Important. ADVANCES IN MARKETING, CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT, AND E-SERVICES 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-4757-0.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unnecessary question what a man is without his masculinity, is deeply ingrained into the socially established norms of strength, power, virility and machoism. Although the traditional male masculinity stereotype and its association with meat consumption are still undisputable for many “real” men, there is indication about a shift toward a new modern evolutionary masculinity which reflects more sustainability values. The chapter explores this based on a survey of Sydney men. It reveals the influence of new factors, such as environmental, health and animal welfare concerns, which shape the concept of the masculine. Meat-eating men will experience increasing pressure to defend their traditional masculinity. The Sydney study also explores the factors likely to influence Australian men to replace a meat-centred diet with more plant-based alternatives.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tjelta T, Ritchie D, Amos A. "It's Easy to Get Fags": A Qualitative Study of Disadvantaged Young People's Perspectives on Cigarette Availability and Access. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:1434-1440. [PMID: 27698092 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Reducing young people's access to cigarettes is a key element of smoking prevention policies. This article explores how young people source cigarettes following the increase in the UK minimum age of sale from 16 to 18 years. Methods Semi-structured individual, paired and triadic interviews with 60 disadvantaged young people aged between 12 and 17. Participants were recruited from clubs and voluntary organizations offering advice and support to disadvantaged young people. Results Most participants said they sourced cigarettes from shops, but understandings of "buying cigarettes from shops" included using intermediaries for proxy purchases. Access from social sources was contingent on reciprocation, and blackmarket sources were avoided. The distinction between potential and actual sources reflected participants concerns about their presentation of self. Those who bought cigarettes directly from shops accrued status and power in negotiating social hierarchies. Participants therefore highlighted their smoking related competencies, that is, ability to secure regular retail access to tobacco, while downplaying the significant difficulties they experienced. Conclusions The presentational dimension of youth cigarette access highlights a need for caution in associating self-reported changes in young people's cigarette sources straightforwardly with access policies. The conflation of direct retail purchases with proxy purchases, and the interrelationship between commercial and social cigarette sources also raises issues for interpreting data on "usual" cigarette sources from national surveys. Findings suggest that some young people may still be both reliant on making retail cigarette purchases following the increase in the age of sale in the United Kingdom, and experiencing significant difficulties making these. Implications This study highlights the self-presentational dimension of youth cigarette access in a particular community context, and the important distinction between the apparent range of sources available and their social acceptability in young people's social networks. Young smokers tended to conflate direct retail purchases with proxy purchases, raising issues for interpreting survey data on "usual" cigarette source. The presentational dimension of youth cigarette access also highlights a need for caution in associating self-reported changes in young people's cigarette sources with access policies. Despite participants' stated easy access, few were able to buy cigarettes directly, underscoring the effectiveness of youth access policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tjelta
- UKCTAS, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah Ritchie
- Department of Nursing Studies, School of Health and Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Amos
- UKCTAS, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hiratsuka VY, Suchy-Dicey AM, Garroutte EM, Booth-LaForce C. Patient and Provider Factors Associated With American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescent Tobacco Use Screening. J Prim Care Community Health 2015; 7:2-9. [PMID: 26319931 DOI: 10.1177/2150131915602469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is the leading behavioral cause of death among adults 25 years or older. American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) communities confront some of the highest rates of tobacco use and of its sequelae. Primary care-based screening of adolescents is an integral step in the reduction of tobacco use, yet remains virtually unstudied. We examined whether delivery of tobacco screening in primary care visits is associated with patient and provider characteristics among AI/AN adolescents. METHODS We used a cross-sectional analysis to examine tobacco screening among 4757 adolescent AI/AN patients served by 56 primary care providers at a large tribally managed health system between October 1, 2011 and May 31, 2014. Screening prevalence was examined in association with categorical patient characteristics (gender, age, clinic visited, insurance coverage) and provider characteristics (gender, age, tenure) using multilevel logistic regressions with individual provider identity as the nesting variable. RESULTS Thirty-seven percent of eligible patients were screened. Gender of both providers and patients was associated with screening. Male providers delivered screening more often than female providers (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7-3.9). Male patients had 20% lower odds of screening receipt (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9) than female patients, independent of patient age and provider characteristics. Individual provider identity significantly contributed to variability in the mixed-effects model (variance component 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.4), suggesting individual provider effect. CONCLUSIONS Low tobacco screening delivery by female providers and the low receipt of screening among younger, male patients may identify targets for screening interventions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Poutiainen H, Levälahti E, Hakulinen-Viitanen T, Laatikainen T. Family characteristics and health behaviour as antecedents of school nurses' concerns about adolescents' health and development: a path model approach. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:920-9. [PMID: 25744429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family socio-economic factors and parents' health behaviours have been shown to have an impact on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Family characteristics have also been associated with school nurses' concerns, which arose during health examinations, about children's and adolescents' physical health and psychosocial development. Parental smoking has also been associated with smoking in adolescents. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine to what extent school nurses' concerns about adolescents' physical health and psychosocial development related to family characteristics are mediated through parents' and adolescents' own health behaviours (smoking). DESIGN A path model approach using cross-sectional data was used. SETTINGS In 2008-2009, information about health and well-being of adolescents was gathered at health examinations of the Children's Health Monitoring Study. PARTICIPANTS Altogether 1006 eighth and ninth grade pupils in Finland participated in the study. METHODS The associations between family characteristics, smoking among parents and adolescents and school nurses' concerns about adolescents' physical health and psychosocial development were examined using a structural equation model. RESULTS Paternal education had a direct, and, through fathers' and boys' smoking, an indirect association with school nurses' concerns about the physical health of boys. Paternal labour market status and family income were only indirectly associated with concerns about the physical health of boys by having an effect on boys' smoking through paternal smoking, and a further indirect effect on concerns about boys' health. In girls, only having a single mother was strongly associated with school nurses' concerns about psychosocial development through maternal and adolescent girl smoking. CONCLUSIONS Socio-economic family characteristics and parental smoking influence adolescent smoking and are associated with school nurses' concerns about adolescents' physical health and psychosocial development. The findings underline the importance of comprehensively taking into account adolescents' and parents' health behaviours and the family situation in health-care contacts when providing health counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannele Poutiainen
- Social and Health Affairs, City of Lahti, P.O. Box 116, 15101 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Esko Levälahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tuovi Hakulinen-Viitanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Children, Young People and Families, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Hospital District of North Karelia, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210 Joensuu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hefler M, Chapman S. Disadvantaged youth and smoking in mature tobacco control contexts: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. Tob Control 2014; 24:429-35. [PMID: 25326217 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review qualitative research and synthesise findings about socioeconomically disadvantaged and socially marginalised adolescents and young adults in mature tobacco control contexts. DATA SOURCES Searches of PubMed and MEDLINE, additional purposive searches in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, grey literature, specialist journals and reference lists for English language articles published after 2000. Search terms were qualitative, youth or adolescent or young adult, smoking/tobacco and vulnerable populations or disadvantage or socioeconomic inequality. The most recent update of the search was undertaken in January 2014. STUDY SELECTION Twenty articles, reporting on 17 studies, from 902 initial records were included. Inclusion criteria were: qualitative study undertaken in a country in the final stage of the tobacco epidemic and with comprehensive tobacco control measures in place, participants were youth who were socioeconomically disadvantaged or members of an identified subgroup with higher smoking prevalence and/or resided in a geographical area of low socioeconomic status. The target age range was 10-24. DATA EXTRACTION Data were independently extracted by one author, summarised and reviewed, compared and re-reviewed at multiple time points. DATA SYNTHESIS The majority of studies were from the UK, with the remainder from the USA, Australia and New Zealand. The review used a thematic analysis approach, and started with an open question: 'what does qualitative research tell us about disadvantaged young people and smoking?' The synthesis provides insights into the social context of smoking for marginalised and disadvantaged young people, group affiliation and identity, the role of smoking in social capital and sources of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly few qualitative studies focused exclusively on smoking and disadvantaged young people were found. Future qualitative studies on the intersection between specific psychosocial characteristics associated with disadvantage and increased smoking risk would be of use to inform approaches to reduce socioeconomic differentials in smoking prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marita Hefler
- A27-School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Chapman
- A27-School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Motivaciones para el consumo de tabaco entre los adolescentes de un instituto urbano. GACETA SANITARIA 2012; 26:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Bidstrup PE, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Mortensen EL, Vinther-Larsen M, Johansen C. Critical discussion of social-cognitive factors in smoking initiation among adolescents. Acta Oncol 2011; 50:88-98. [PMID: 21174611 DOI: 10.3109/02841861003801155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Social-cognitive models have often been used in research on prevention in adolescent populations, even though the models were designed to describe adult behavior. The aim of the study reported here was to examine critically and constructively the five social-cognitive factors in the 'attitude, social influence, self-efficacy' (ASE) model. Methods. The examination draws on the results of a qualitative follow-up study of smoking initiation based on semi-structured interviews and observations of 12 adolescents in two Danish school classes, grades 7 and 8. The qualitative study was conducted in connection with and sampled from a large quantitative study and the results of both studies are discussed. In the analyses, we explored the ASE constructs according to how they are described in the ASE theory. Furthermore, we examined contradictions and aspects which are not explained in the model and if relevant discussed these aspects using other theoretical frameworks. Results. The results showed that aspects other than those in the ASE model are also important. Smoking initiation was often situational and unplanned and was sometimes used in negotiating social relationships and identity. Furthermore, the social-cognitive models are based on the assumption that adolescents talk about smoking norms and have a high degree of individual reflexivity, which is not always characteristic of adolescent behavior. Conclusion. Applying theoretical models in health research should be a continuous process of both applying the model and discussing the theoretical assumptions of the model when applied to a specific sample. The results of the qualitative study provide some support for use of the ASE model, but the results also suggest that further studies are needed to explore how social-cognitive models can be expanded to be more comprehensive behavioral models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Envold Bidstrup
- Department of Psychosocial Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McVea KLSP, Miller DL, Creswell JW, McEntarrfer R, Coleman MJ. How adolescents experience smoking cessation. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2009; 19:580-592. [PMID: 19380498 DOI: 10.1177/1049732309334056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study we develop a model of how youth experience smoking cessation attempts. We followed 15 adolescent smokers twice monthly over three months. Through six semistructured interviews, we explored participants' subjective experiences of making a "quit" attempt. We analyzed transcript data using grounded theory procedures, beginning with open coding, axial coding, construction of matrices, and development of a preliminary theory or model of this phenomenon. We found that only emotionally compelling and inescapable quit reasons were truly motivating. Few parents actively supported their child during quit attempts; smoking friends and other peers undermined them. All successful quitters established new, nonsmoking friends and completely redefined themselves. The quit experience was physically uncomfortable, emotionally distressful, and socially isolating. Greater motivation, mature problem-solving skills, and a willingness to supplant their smoking friends characterized successful quitters. Further research is needed to test this model's efficacy in the adolescent population.
Collapse
|
13
|
Burton D, Chakravorty B, Weeks K, Flay BR, Dent C, Stacy A, Sussman S. Outcome of a tobacco use cessation randomized trial with high-school students. Subst Use Misuse 2009; 44:965-80. [PMID: 19938938 PMCID: PMC2821331 DOI: 10.1080/10826080802490766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed quantitative data on tobacco use and dependency for 3,589 high-school students, qualitative data for 448 students, and outcome data for a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of two cessation interventions and a control condition for 337 students. Data were collected from 1988 through 1992 in California and Illinois as part of a larger longitudinal study. Smokeless tobacco users, but not smokers, were more likely than controls to maintain cessation for 4 months: biochemically validated cessation at 4 months was 6.5% versus 3.2% for smokers and 14.3% versus 0.0% for smokeless tobacco users. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Burton
- Center for Community and Urban Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|