1
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Turkovic E, Vasiljevic I, Parojcic J. A comprehensive assessment of machine learning algorithms for enhanced characterization and prediction in orodispersible film development. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124188. [PMID: 38705248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) have emerged as innovative pharmaceutical dosage forms, offering patient-specific treatment through adjustable dosing and the combination of diverse active ingredients. This expanding field generates vast datasets, requiring advanced analytical techniques for deeper understanding of data itself. Machine learning is becoming an important tool in the rapidly changing field of pharmaceutical research, particularly in drug preformulation studies. This work aims to explore into the application of machine learning methods for the analysis of experimental data obtained by ODF characterization in order to obtain an insight into the factors governing ODF performance and use it as guidance in pharmaceutical development. Using a dataset derived from extensive experimental studies, various machine learning algorithms were employed to cluster and predict critical properties of ODFs. Our results demonstrate that machine learning models, including Support vector machine, Random forest and Deep learning, exhibit high accuracy in predicting the mechanical properties of ODFs, such as flexibility and rigidity. The predictive models offered insights into the complex interaction of formulation variables. This research is a pilot study that highlights the potential of machine learning as a transformative approach in the pharmaceutical field, paving the way for more efficient and informed drug development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Turkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Vasiljevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Parojcic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Jacob S, Boddu SHS, Bhandare R, Ahmad SS, Nair AB. Orodispersible Films: Current Innovations and Emerging Trends. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2753. [PMID: 38140094 PMCID: PMC10747242 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are thin, mechanically strong, and flexible polymeric films that are designed to dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity for local and/or systemic drug delivery. This review examines various aspects of ODFs and their potential as a drug delivery system. Recent advancements, including the detailed exploration of formulation components, such as polymers and plasticizers, are briefed. The review highlights the versatility of preparation methods, particularly the solvent-casting production process, and novel 3D printing techniques that bring inherent flexibility. Three-dimensional printing technology not only diversifies active compounds but also enables a multilayer approach, effectively segregating incompatible drugs. The integration of nanoparticles into ODF formulations marks a significant breakthrough, thus enhancing the efficiency of oral drug delivery and broadening the scope of the drugs amenable to this route. This review also sheds light on the diverse in vitro evaluation methods utilized to characterize ODFs, ongoing clinical trials, approved marketed products, and recent patents, providing a comprehensive outlook of the evolving landscape of orodispersible drug delivery. Current patient-centric approaches involve developing ODFs with patient-friendly attributes, such as improved taste masking, ease of administration, and enhanced patient compliance, along with the personalization of ODF formulations to meet individual patient needs. Investigating novel functional excipients with the potential to enhance the permeation of high-molecular-weight polar drugs, fragile proteins, and oligonucleotides is crucial for rapid progress in the advancing domain of orodispersible drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.S.B.); (R.B.)
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richie Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.S.B.); (R.B.)
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samiullah Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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3
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Szekalska M, Czajkowska-Kośnik A, Maciejewski B, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Wilczewska AZ, Bernatoniene J, Winnicka K. Mucoadhesive Alginate/Pectin Films Crosslinked by Calcium Carbonate as Carriers of a Model Antifungal Drug-Posaconazole. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2415. [PMID: 37896175 PMCID: PMC10610174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal membrane of the oral cavity, due to its unique structure and availability, constitutes an appropriate site for the delivery of drugs, both with local and systemic effects. Mucoadhesive buccal films are drug dosage forms that due to their convenience of application, flexibility and size, are characterized by patients' compliance. Sodium alginate and pectin are natural polymers from the polysaccharides group, with mucoadhesive properties, that are widely applied to obtain buccal films. However, their hydrophilic nature and poor water resistance limit their application in sustained drug release formulations. Hence, the aim of this investigation was to design alginate/pectin buccal films by a one-step crosslinking technique-with the application of calcium carbonate. This technique was applied to prepare crosslinked alginate and alginate/pectin mucoadhesive films with a model antifungal drug-posaconazole. The obtained formulations were evaluated for the impact of crosslinking and pectin's presence on their pharmaceutical, mucoadhesive, mechanical and physicochemical properties. Additionally, the antifungal activity of the prepared films against Candida spp. was evaluated. It was shown that pectin's presence in the formulations improved flexibility, mucoadhesion and antifungal activity. The crosslinking process reduced mucoadhesiveness and antifungal activity but significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and stability and enabled prolonged drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (A.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Anna Czajkowska-Kośnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (A.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Bartosz Maciejewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Iwona Misztalewska-Turkowicz
- Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland (A.Z.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Zofia Wilczewska
- Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland (A.Z.W.)
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (A.C.-K.); (K.W.)
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4
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Reddy D, Pathak K, Gowda DV, Babu AVN, Aodah AH, Khafagy ES, Alotaibi HF, Abu Lila AS, Moin A, Hussin T. Development and Characterization of Pullulan-Based Orodispersible Films of Iron. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031027. [PMID: 36986887 PMCID: PMC10056616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the principal cause of nutritional anemia and it constitutes a major health problem, especially during pregnancy. Despite the availability of various non-invasive traditional oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, and liquid preparations of iron, they are hard to consume for special populations such as pregnant women, pediatric, and geriatric patients with dysphagia and vomiting tendency. The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize pullulan-based iron-loaded orodispersible films (i-ODFs). Microparticles of iron were formulated by a microencapsulation technique, to mask the bitter taste of iron, and ODFs were fabricated by a modified solvent casting method. Morphological characteristics of the microparticles were identified by optical microscopy and the percentage of iron loading was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The fabricated i-ODFs were evaluated for their morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Other parameters including thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, weight variation, disintegration time, percentage moisture loss, surface pH, and in vivo animal safety were evaluated. Lastly, stability studies were carried out at a temperature of 25 °C/60% RH. The results of the study confirmed that pullulan-based i-ODFs had good physicochemical properties, excellent disintegration time, and optimal stability at specified storage conditions. Most importantly, the i-ODFs were free from irritation when administered to the tongue as confirmed by the hamster cheek pouch model and surface pH determination. Collectively, the present study suggests that the film-forming agent, pullulan, could be successfully employed on a lab scale to formulate orodispersible films of iron. In addition, i-ODFs can be processed easily on a large scale for commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Dinesh Reddy
- Aavishkar Oral Strips Private Limited, Plot No. 109/3, Phase-II, Sector 2, Lane No. 6 IDA Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah 206130, India
| | | | - A V Naresh Babu
- Aavishkar Oral Strips Private Limited, Plot No. 109/3, Phase-II, Sector 2, Lane No. 6 IDA Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India
| | - Alhussain H Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Orodispersible Films-Current State of the Art, Limitations, Advances and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020361. [PMID: 36839683 PMCID: PMC9965071 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible Films (ODFs) are drug delivery systems manufactured with a wide range of methods on a big scale or for customized medicines and small-scale pharmacy. Both ODFs and their fabrication methods have certain limitations. Many pharmaceutical companies and academic research centers across the world cooperate in order to cope with these issues and also to find new formulations for a wide array of APIs what could make their work profitable for them and beneficial for patients as well. The number of pending patent applications and granted patents with their innovative approaches makes the progress in the manufacturing of ODFs unquestionable. The number of commercially available ODFs is still growing. However, some of them were discontinued and are no longer available on the markets. This review aims to summarize currently marketed ODFs and those withdrawn from sale and also provides an insight into recently published studies concerning orodispersible films, emphasizing of utilized APIs. The work also highlights the attempts of scientific communities to overcome ODF's manufacturing methods limitations.
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6
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Cupone IE, Sansone A, Marra F, Giori AM, Jannini EA. Orodispersible Film (ODF) Platform Based on Maltodextrin for Therapeutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2011. [PMID: 36297447 PMCID: PMC9607423 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible film (ODF) is a new dosage form that disperses rapidly in the mouth without water or swallowing. The main ingredient of an ODF is a polymer that can be both of natural or synthetic origin. Maltodextrin is a natural polymer, mainly used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields. This review aims to examine the literature regarding ODFs based on maltodextrin as the platform for developing new products for therapeutical application. ODFs based on maltodextrin contain plasticizers that enhance their flexibility and reduce their brittleness. Surfactants; fillers, such as homopolymer and copolymer of vinylacetate; flavour and sweetener were introduced to improve ODF characteristics. Both water-soluble and insoluble APIs were introduced up to 100 mg per dosage unit. The solvent casting method and hot-melt extrusion are the most useful techniques for preparing ODFs. In particular, the solvent casting method allows manufacturing processes to be developed from a lab scale to an industrial scale. ODFs based on maltodextrin are characterized in terms of mechanical properties, dissolution rate, taste and stability. ODFs made of maltodextrin, developed by IBSA, were tested in vivo to evaluate their bioequivalence and efficacy and were demonstrated to be a valid alternative to the marketed oral dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma E. Cupone
- Ibsa Farmaceutici Italia, Cassina de’ Pecchi, 20051 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Ibsa Farmaceutici Italia, Cassina de’ Pecchi, 20051 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emmanuele A. Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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7
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Orodispersible films — Pharmaceutical development for improved performance: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Orally Disintegrating Film of High-Dose BCS II Drug by Hot Melt Extrusion through Design of Experiment. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Morath B, Sauer S, Zaradzki M, Wagner A. TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Orodispersible films – Recent developments and new applications in drug delivery and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Desai N, Masen M, Cann P, Hanson B, Tuleu C, Orlu M. Modernising Orodispersible Film Characterisation to Improve Palatability and Acceptability Using a Toolbox of Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040732. [PMID: 35456566 PMCID: PMC9029462 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) have been widely used in paediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients due to ease of administration and precise and flexible dose adjustments. ODF fabrication has seen significant advancements with the move towards more technologically advanced production methods. The acceptability of ODFs is dependent upon film composition and process of formation, which affects disintegration, taste, texture and mouthfeel. There is currently a lack of testing to accurately assess ODFs for these important acceptability sensory perceptions. This study produced four ODFs formed of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose using 3D printing. These were assessed using three in vitro methods: Petri dish and oral cavity model (OCM) methods for disintegration and bio-tribology for disintegration and oral perception. Increasing polymer molecular weight (MW) exponentially increased disintegration time in the Petri dish and OCM methods. Higher MW films adhered to the OCM upper palate. Bio-tribology analysis showed that films of higher MW disintegrated quickest and had lower coefficient of friction, perhaps demonstrating good oral perception but also stickiness, with higher viscosity. These techniques, part of a toolbox, may enable formulators to design, test and reformulate ODFs that both disintegrate rapidly and may be better perceived when consumed, improving overall treatment acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Desai
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (M.O.)
| | - Marc Masen
- Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 9AG, UK; (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Philippa Cann
- Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 9AG, UK; (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Ben Hanson
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Mine Orlu
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (M.O.)
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Batista P, Rodrigues PM, Ferreira M, Moreno A, Silva G, Alves M, Pintado M, Oliveira-Silva P. Validation of Psychophysiological Measures for Caffeine Oral Films Characterization by Machine Learning Approaches. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030114. [PMID: 35324803 PMCID: PMC8945337 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The oral films are a new delivery system that can carry several molecules, such as neuromodulator molecules, including caffeine. These delivery systems have been developed and characterized by pharmacokinetics assays. However, new methodologies, such as psychophysiological measures, can complement their characterization. This study presents a new protocol with psychophysiological parameters to characterize the oral film delivery systems based on a caffeine model. (2) Methods: Thirteen volunteers (61.5% females and 38.5% males) consumed caffeine oral films and placebo oral films (in different moments and without knowing the product). Electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal (EDA), and respiratory frequency (RF) data were monitored for 45 min. For the data analysis, the MATLAB environment was used to develop the analysis program. The ECG, EDA, and RF signals were digitally filtered and processed, using a windowing process, for feature extraction and an energy mean value for 5 min segments. Then, the data were computed and presented to the entries of a set of Machine Learning algorithms. Finally, a data statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS. (3) Results: Compared with placebo, caffeine oral films led to a significant increase in power energy in the signal spectrum of heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory activity. In addition, the ECG time-series power energy activity revealed a better capacity to detect caffeine activity over time than the other physiological modalities. There was no significant change for the female or male gender. (4) Conclusions: The protocol developed, and the psychophysiological methodology used to characterize the delivery system profile were efficient to characterize the drug delivery profile of the caffeine. This is a non-invasive, cheap, and easy method to apply, can be used to determine the neuromodulator drugs delivery profile, and can be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Batista
- HNL/CEDH—Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory/Research Centre for Human Development, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.M.); (P.O.-S.)
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Pedro Miguel Rodrigues
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Miguel Ferreira
- HNL/CEDH—Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory/Research Centre for Human Development, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.M.); (P.O.-S.)
| | - Ana Moreno
- HNL/CEDH—Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory/Research Centre for Human Development, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.M.); (P.O.-S.)
| | - Gabriel Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Alves
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrícia Oliveira-Silva
- HNL/CEDH—Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory/Research Centre for Human Development, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.M.); (P.O.-S.)
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12
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Effects of Various Drying Times on the Properties of 3D Printed Orodispersible Films. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020250. [PMID: 35213983 PMCID: PMC8878870 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films are an innovative dosage form. Their main advantages are the application comfort and the possibility of personalization. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of different drying times on the properties of orodispersible films of various thicknesses, prepared in two different semisolid extrusion 3D printing setups. In the first experiment, drying times were dependent on the overall print time of each batch. In the second setup, the drying time was set equal according to the longest one. The evaluated parameters were films’ weight uniformity, thickness, moisture content, surface pH, disintegration time, hardness, and tensile strength. Upon statistical comparison, significant differences in the moisture content were found, subsequently affecting the disintegration time. Moreover, statistically significant differences in films’ mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength) were also described, proving that moisture content simultaneously affects film plasticity and related properties. In conclusion, a mutual comparison of the manufactured orodispersible films showed that the drying time affects their physical and mechanical properties. The in-process drying setup was proved to be sufficient while allowing quicker manufacturing.
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13
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Łyszczarz E, Brniak W, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Majka TM, Majda D, Zych M, Pielichowski K, Jachowicz R. The Impact of the Preparation Method on the Properties of Orodispersible Films with Aripiprazole: Electrospinning vs. Casting and 3D Printing Methods. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1122. [PMID: 34452083 PMCID: PMC8401512 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) address the needs of pediatric and geriatric patients and people with swallowing difficulties due to fast disintegration in the mouth. Typically, they are obtained using the solvent casting method, but other techniques such as 3D printing and electrospinning have already been investigated. The decision on the manufacturing method is of crucial importance because it affects film properties. This study aimed to compare electrospun ODFs containing aripiprazole and polyvinyl alcohol with films prepared using casting and 3D printing methods. Characterization of films included DSC and XRD analysis, microscopic analysis, the assessment of mechanical parameters, disintegration, and dissolution tests. Simplified stability studies were performed after one month of storage. All prepared films met acceptance criteria for mechanical properties. Electrospun ODFs disintegrated in 1.0 s, which was much less than in the case of other films. Stability studies have shown the sensitivity of electrospun films to the storage condition resulting in partial recrystallization of ARP. These changes negatively affected the dissolution rate, but mechanical properties and disintegration time remained at a desirable level. The results demonstrated that electrospun fibers are promising solutions that can be used in the future for the treatment of patients with swallowing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Łyszczarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Witold Brniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Tomasz M. Majka
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (T.M.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorota Majda
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marta Zych
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Krzysztof Pielichowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (T.M.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
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14
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Development, optimization and in-vivo evaluation of cyanocobalamin loaded orodispersible films using hot-melt extrusion technology: A quality by design (QbD) approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL) is an antihypertensive BCS class II drug with low solubility at physiological pH. However, the solubility of TEL increases with the presence of an alkalizer. Electrospinning is one of the most recent techniques for the solubility enhancement studies. In this study, an electrospun orally disintegrating film (ODF) formulation of TEL was developed with L-arginine and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP), and its characterization studies were performed. Preformulation studies were performed to investigate possible incompatibilities in the components of formulation with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analyses. ODFs were characterized in terms of drug content and uniformity, mechanical properties, fiber shape and diameter and in vitro dissolution profile. Smooth nanofibers without any beads were obtained. The dissolution rate of the TEL significantly increased. The chosen formulation had acceptable mechanical properties with much faster dissolution compared to the commercially available product. Developed ODF and marketed product were compared with a dissolution study in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4). ODF and marketed product both reached 100% release in the 45th minute, and ODF results showed that ODF had much faster release than marketed product. In this study, TEL ODF formulation was successfully produced and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Birer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV. Orodispersible Thin Film: A new patient-centered innovation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP. Characterization of Orodispersible Films: An Overview of Methods and Introduction to a New Disintegration Test Apparatus Using LDR - LED Sensors. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2925-2942. [PMID: 32565356 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible Film (ODF) is a promising and progressive dosage form that offers exceptional drug delivery benefits to patients. Indeed, they are the most transformational alternatives to traditional/conventional dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. ODFs are portable and highly comfortable for self-administration by patients with swallowing problems. The key to gain end-user acceptance is to have an ODF with outstanding quality. Poor quality may lead to choking or spitting, accordingly leading to a lack of compliance. It is vital to employ suitable experimental methodologies that facilitate characterization or determination of the quality of ODF. Nonetheless, there are no standard techniques prescribed in official compendia of any country. But, there is a consensus in the thin-film research community about the characterization techniques that one relies on deciding the quality of an ODF. We review various experimental techniques and highlight its importance in determining the performance and quality of an ODF. We provide a relatively novel and inventive disintegration test apparatus, which works using 'Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) sensors' for clear and accurate determination of start and end disintegration time of an ODF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, India.
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, India
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18
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Drašković M, Turković E, Vasiljević I, Trifković K, Cvijić S, Vasiljević D, Parojčić J. Comprehensive evaluation of formulation factors affecting critical quality attributes of casted orally disintegrating films. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Musazzi UM, Khalid GM, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Trends in the production methods of orodispersible films. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Tang H, Ren W, Gao X, Sun Y, Zhao QX, Wang F, Liu J. Development and optimization of levodopa and benzylhydrazine orally disintegrating tablets by direct compression and response surface methodology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 46:42-49. [PMID: 31794271 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1698597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with the advanced phase and motor fluctuations is increasing. The objective of this study is developing levodopa/benzylhydrazine orally disintegrating tablets (L/B ODTs), which would provide greater convenience and ease of use than conventional tablets for these patients. In the present study, the L/B ODTs were developed successfully with an optimized formulation using response surface methodology (RSM). The direct compression technology was employed for the preparation of L/B ODTs. Considerably shorter disintegration time and faster dissolution profile were obtained under the optimum formulation with microcrystalline cellulose 25.7%, cross-polyvinylpyrrolidone 6.22% and Sodium carboxymethyl starch 5.36%. The content uniformity (%) of levodopa and benzylhydrazine was 50 ± 1.4% and 14.25 ± 0.6%, respectively. Thickness, friability, hardness and wetting time were 2.8 ± 0.05 mm, 0.46 ± 0.21%, 5.42 ± 1.1 kp and 31.2 ± 2.1 s, respectively, and all of data well comply with the General Principles of the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Mannitol of 22% in formulation could bring a pleasant taste: sweet, cool and refreshing. Almost all the volunteers felt that the ODTs had good taste, no roughness, and no gritty feeling, indicating that the ODTs prepared had good palatability, so patients will have good compliance when taking medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zewen Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangjian Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiu Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanye Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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21
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Novel use of insoluble particles as disintegration enhancers for orally disintegrating films. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Musazzi UM, Dolci LS, Albertini B, Passerini N, Cilurzo F. A new melatonin oral delivery platform based on orodispersible films containing solid lipid microparticles. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:280-288. [PMID: 30690132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An innovative delivery system for melatonin, based on the incorporation of solid lipid microparticles in orodispersible films (ODFs) made of maltodextrin, was designed and developed. Lipid microparticles at two different melatonin concentrations (10 and 20% w/w) were produced by the spray congealing technology using two different lipid carrier (tristearin and hydrogenated castor oil) and characterized in terms of size, solid state, drug loading and drug release pattern. Tristearin microparticles were discarded due to a polymorphic modification of the carrier. The incorporation of hydrogenated castor oil microparticles in ODFs by using the casting method did not alter significantly the shape and dimension of the microparticles and the mechanical properties (elasticity and strength) of the films, which remained acceptable for manufacturing and handling. The in vitro release studies performed in saliva, gastric and intestinal simulated media on ODFs containing melatonin loaded in hydrogenated castor oil microparticles revealed the possibility to combine with an immediate release of the drug and a sustained release over at least 5 h period. In conclusion, the proposed drug delivery system maintains the advantages of ODFs, i.e. the suitability to be swallowed without water, and permits the tuning of drug release according to the clinical needs by modulating the ratio of free and microencapsulated drug in the ODF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M Musazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa S Dolci
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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Redfearn A, Scarpa M, Orlu M, Hanson B. In Vitro Oral Cavity Model for Screening the Disintegration Behavior of Orodispersible Films: A Bespoke Design. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1831-1836. [PMID: 30639737 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The availability of biorelevant methods for the disintegration study of pharmaceutical orodispersible dosage forms is required. The disintegration of orodispersibles should be assessed using in vitro methods that can combine biorelevant volumes of disintegration medium and mechanical stresses mimicking in vivo conditions. This study proposes an adaptation of a mechanical oral cavity model for the disintegration study of orodispersible films. A periodic compression is applied to the sample in the presence of a biorelevant volume of artificial salivary fluid. Four orodispersible film samples (P1, C1, P2, and C2), differing in polymer type and molecular weight, and Listerine® were tested and filmed during disintegration. An image analysis program was developed for the determination of the volume reduction of the film matrix over time, as a descriptor of film disintegration behavior. Samples P1 and Listerine® showed a volume reduction at 180 s of >90%, C1, P2, and C2 were 85%, 48%, and 37%, respectively. The model was able to detect differences in the disintegration behavior of the 4 samples, and results were comparable with the benchmark product. The concept of disintegration behavior of orodispersible films was introduced for the first time as an informative method for the study of orodispersible dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Redfearn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Mine Orlu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Hanson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Comparative study on disintegration methods for oral film preparations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Foo WC, Khong YM, Gokhale R, Chan SY. A novel unit-dose approach for the pharmaceutical compounding of an orodispersible film. Int J Pharm 2018; 539:165-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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Orodispersible dosage forms: biopharmaceutical improvements and regulatory requirements. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Bonhoeffer B, Kwade A, Juhnke M. Alternative Manufacturing Concepts for Solid Oral Dosage Forms From Drug Nanosuspensions Using Fluid Dispensing and Forced Drying Technology. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:909-921. [PMID: 29154900 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flexible manufacturing technologies for solid oral dosage forms with a continuous adjustability of the manufactured dose strength are of interest for applications in personalized medicine. This study explored the feasibility of using microvalve technology for the manufacturing of different solid oral dosage form concepts. Hard gelatin capsules filled with excipients, placebo tablets, and polymer films, placed in hard gelatin capsules after drying, were considered as substrates. For each concept, a basic understanding of relevant formulation parameters and their impact on dissolution behavior has been established. Suitable matrix formers, present either on the substrate or directly in the drug nanosuspension, proved to be essential to prevent nanoparticle agglomeration of the drug nanoparticles and to ensure a fast dissolution behavior. Furthermore, convection and radiation drying methods were investigated for the fast drying of drug nanosuspensions dispensed onto polymer films, which were then placed in hard gelatin capsules. Changes in morphology and in drug and matrix former distribution were observed for increasing drying intensity. However, even fast drying times below 1 min could be realized, while maintaining the nanoparticulate drug structure and a good dissolution behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bonhoeffer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Juhnke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Yıldız S, Aytekin E, Yavuz B, Bozdağ Pehlivan S, Vural İ, Ünlü N. Development and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablets comprising taste-masked mirtazapine granules. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:488-495. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1315670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simay Yıldız
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eren Aytekin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Yavuz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İmran Vural
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Ünlü
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Borges AF, Silva BMA, Silva C, Coelho JFJ, Simões S. Hydrophobic polymers for orodispersible films: a quality by design approach. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1357-74. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Borges
- Bluepharma, Indústria Farmacêutica, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Branca M. A. Silva
- Bluepharma, Indústria Farmacêutica, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Bluepharma, Indústria Farmacêutica, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma, Indústria Farmacêutica, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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