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Osburn LL. A Guide to the Performance of Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials. Part 1. Basic Concepts, Recording Parameters, Special Considerations, and Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1086508x.2006.11079565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leisha L. Osburn
- Neurophysiology Lab Clarian Health Partners Methodist Hospital Indianapolis, Indiana
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Balvin MJ, Song KM, Slimp JC. Effects of Anesthetic Regimens and Other Confounding Factors Affecting the Interpretation of Motor Evoked Potentials During Pediatric Spine Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1086508x.2010.11079776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Balvin
- Neurophysiology Lab Swedish Neuroscience Institute Swedish Medical Center Seattle, Washington
| | - Kit M. Song
- Orthopedic Spine Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle, Washington
| | - Jefferson C. Slimp
- Rehabilitation Department University of Washington Medical Center Seattle, Washington
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Skinner SA, Nagib M, Bergman TA, Maxwell RE, Msangi G. The Initial Use of Free-running Electromyography to Detect Early Motor Tract Injury during Resection of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2005; 56:299-314; discussion 299-314. [PMID: 15794827 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000156545.33814.8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The resection of intramedullary spinal cord lesions (ISCLs) can be complicated by neurological deficits. Neuromonitoring has been used to reduce intraoperative risk. We have used somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and muscle-derived transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (myogenic TCE-MEPs) to monitor ISCL removal. We report our retrospective experience with the addition of free-running electromyography (EMG).
METHODS:
Thirteen patients underwent 14 monitored ISCL excisions. Anesthesia was maintained with minimal inhalant to reduce motoneuron suppression and enhance the myogenic TCE-MEPs. Free-running EMG was examined in the four limbs for evidence of abnormal bursts, prolonged tonic discharge, or sudden electrical silence. Warning of an electromyographic abnormality or myogenic TCE-MEP loss prompted interventions, including blood pressure elevation, a pause in surgery, a wake-up test, or termination of surgery. Pre- and postoperative neurological examinations determined the incidence of new deficits.
RESULTS:
The combined use of free-running EMG and myogenic TCE-MEPs detected all eight patients with a new motor deficit after surgery; there was one false-positive report. In three of the eight true-positive cases, an electromyographic abnormality immediately anticipated loss of the myogenic TCE-MEPs. Two patients with abnormal EMGs but unchanged myogenic TCE-MEPs experienced mild postoperative worsening of motor deficits; myogenic TCE-MEPs alone would have generated false-negative reports in these cases.
CONCLUSION:
During resection of ISCLs, free-running EMG can supplement motor tract monitoring by TCE-MEPs. Segmental and suprasegmental elicitation of neurotonic discharges can be observed in four-limb EMG. Abnormal electromyographic bursts, tonic discharge, or abrupt electromyographic silence may anticipate myogenic TCE-MEP loss and predict a postoperative motor deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Skinner
- Department of Intraoperative Monitoring, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55407-3799, USA.
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