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Gandenberger J, Hawes SM, Wheatall E, Pappas A, Morris KN. Development and initial validation of the Animal Welfare Cultural Competence Inventory (AWCCI) to assess cultural competence in animal welfare. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2023; 26:540-551. [PMID: 34894907 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.2008934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cultural competence is recognized as critical to reducing disparities within human healthcare settings, but it is rarely incorporated into evaluations of companion animal services. We developed and validated an animal welfare-focused cultural competence instrument with client and provider versions. We then used the instrument to assess the relationship between animal welfare providers' cultural competence and services provided to clients in historically underserved communities. 24 providers across 17 sites participated in the provider survey. 422 clients across those sites also participated and had their service utilization data analyzed. We found a significant correlation between the number of client-provider interactions and their level of agreement within the instrument's "competence/confidence" subscale. We also found that these interactions had a significant correlation with veterinarian care and spay/neuter services. This study provides initial evidence that increasing the use of culturally competent engagement strategies has the potential to increase service utilization for pets in historically underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaci Gandenberger
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sloane M Hawes
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wheatall
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Allison Pappas
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kevin N Morris
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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2
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Reese L, Li X. Animal welfare deserts: human and nonhuman animal inequities. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1189211. [PMID: 37496750 PMCID: PMC10368398 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1189211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Residents of distressed areas of inner cities have less access to many of life's necessities and amenities than their more well-off counterparts. Geographic proximity has been identified as a primary barrier to accessing care for pets potentially creating animal welfare deserts. This project addresses three questions: Are there visible animal welfare deserts in distressed urban centers?; What human inequities are most strongly related to animal welfare deserts?; and What might be done to address these inequities? Using business location and census data in the city of Detroit, this research identifies distinct animal welfare deserts finding that more prosperous areas have more pet support resources and that the need for services is not related to the location of pet stores and veterinary offices. The study concludes that the overlap between human economic distress and pet resource deserts presents a threat to the goals of One Health. Potential policy solutions are proposed to address inequities in the distribution of animal welfare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reese
- School of Planning, Design and Construction, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Global Integrative Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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McDowall S, Hazel SJ, Chittleborough C, Hamilton-Bruce A, Stuckey R, Howell TJ. The Impact of the Social Determinants of Human Health on Companion Animal Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061113. [PMID: 36978653 PMCID: PMC10044303 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The social determinants of health (SDH) focus on the social, physical and economic factors that impact human health. Studies have revealed that animal guardians face a range of challenges in attaining positive welfare outcomes for their companion animals, which can be influenced by socioeconomic and environmental factors. Despite this, there is a lack of research specifically exploring the relationship between SDH and animal welfare outcomes. Given that the SDH impact on humans, which in turn directly impacts on their companion animal, it is important to adapt an SDH framework for companion animal welfare by characterising the impact of the SDH on companion animal guardians in their attempts to care for their animals and, by extension, the associated welfare outcomes. This paper explores how these human health determinants may impact animal welfare and the possible challenges that may arise for the guardian when attempting to meet their companion animal's welfare needs. By integrating the SDH with other key frameworks, including the five domains model of animal welfare, through multidisciplinary collaboration, this framework can be used to inform future programs aiming to improve animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya McDowall
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia
| | - Susan J Hazel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Catherine Chittleborough
- School of Public Health, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Anne Hamilton-Bruce
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Rwth Stuckey
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia
| | - Tiffani J Howell
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
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Hawes SM, Hupe TM, Winczewski J, Elting K, Arrington A, Newbury S, Morris KN. Measuring Changes in Perceptions of Access to Pet Support Care in Underserved Communities. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:745345. [PMID: 34957275 PMCID: PMC8702831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.745345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding social, economic, and structural barriers to accessing pet care services is important for improving the health and welfare of companion animals in underserved communities in the U.S. From May 2018-December 2019, six questions from the validated One Health Community Assessment were used to measure perceptions of access to pet care in two urban and two rural zip codes. One urban and one rural community received services from a pet support outreach program (Pets for Life), while the other served as a comparison community. After propensity score matching was performed to eliminate demographic bias in the sample (Urban = 512 participants, Rural = 234 participants), Generalized Estimating Equations were employed to compare the six measures of access to pet care between the intervention and comparison communities. The urban community with the Pets for Life intervention was associated with a higher overall measure of access to pet care compared to the urban site that did not have the Pets for Life intervention. When assessing each of the six measures of access to care, the urban community with the Pets for Life intervention was associated with higher access to affordable pet care options and higher access to pet care service providers who offer payment options than the community without the Pets for Life intervention. Further analyses with a subset of Pets for Life clients comparing pre-intervention and post-intervention survey responses revealed statistically significant positive trends in perceptions of two of the six measures of access to pet care. This study provides evidence that community-based animal welfare programming has the potential to increase perceptions of access to pet support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloane M Hawes
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Tess M Hupe
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Jordan Winczewski
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Elting
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Amanda Arrington
- Pets for Life, The Humane Society of the United States, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Newbury
- Shelter Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin N Morris
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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Association between Dog Owner Demographics and Decision to Seek Veterinary Care. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8010007. [PMID: 33466270 PMCID: PMC7824748 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: An important aspect of dog ownership is providing veterinary care. However, features of dog ownership differ across demographic groups and these may influence veterinary client decision making and behavior. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate relationships between American dog owner characteristics and willingness to seek veterinary care. (2) Methods: A total of 858 dog owners completed an online questionnaire asking participants to rate their level of likelihood to seek veterinary care for different medical conditions, answer supplemental questions about their previous veterinary barriers, and indicate barriers that prevent them from seeking veterinary care. (3) Results: Dog owners did not differ by demographics in their willingness to seek veterinary care. However, dog owner demographic groups varied in their relationship with their dog(s), previous behaviors accessing veterinary care, and barriers that make seeking veterinary care challenging. (4) Conclusions: Education, outreach and community-based veterinary medicine efforts should allocate resources to underserved communities identified within the context that they are affected by barriers to obtaining veterinary care for their dog(s).
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Driancourt MA, Briggs JR. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist Implants for Male Dog Fertility Suppression: A Review of Mode of Action, Efficacy, Safety, and Uses. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:483. [PMID: 32923467 PMCID: PMC7456901 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, only surgical sterilization is available for veterinarians and pet owners seeking suppression of fertility in male dogs, in most countries. An alternative contraceptive alternative approach is GnRH releasing implants that desensitize the pituitary to the stimulatory effects of GnRH and thereby block testicular function (testosterone and sperm production). Two GnRH agonists (deslorelin and azagly-nafarelin) have been researched in controlled release formulations for this purpose. A deslorelin-releasing biodegradable implant, marketed under the name Suprelorin®, has been available in Australia and New Zealand since 2007, the European Union (EU) since 2008, and received regulatory approval in China and Mexico in late 2019. Two versions of the implant are available, one labeled for a minimum of 6 months of fertility suppression in male dogs, and the other for a minimum of 12 months in male dogs. Another GnRH agonist (azagly-nafarelin) was also included in a solid implant (Gonazon®). Research results showed it delivered 6-months to 1 year of suppressed fertility; however, it is not commercialized. This review paper summarizes research on the mechanism of action for these technologies and compiles and interprets the research on efficacy and safety. New findings on usage of the deslorelin releasing implant in countries where veterinarians and pet owners have this option is shared. Research on off-label use of the product in male dogs is also reviewed. This review aims to aid in the evaluation of the deslorelin releasing implant as an adjunct or alternative for surgical sterilization of male dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce R Briggs
- Alliance for Contraception in Cats and Dogs, Portland, OR, United States
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Kinsman RH, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Clements J, Murray JK. Risk factors for redemption of feline neutering vouchers issued by welfare organisations. Vet Rec 2017; 181:427. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Kinsman
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- Royal Veterinary College - Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield UK
| | | | | | - Jane K Murray
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
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Decker Sparks JL, Camacho B, Tedeschi P, Morris KN. Race and ethnicity are not primary determinants in utilizing veterinary services in underserved communities in the United States. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2017; 21:120-129. [DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2017.1378578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget Camacho
- Institute for Human–Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver
| | - Philip Tedeschi
- Institute for Human–Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver
| | - Kevin N. Morris
- Institute for Human–Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver
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Landau RE, Beck A, Glickman LT, Litster A, Widmar NJO, Moore GE. Use of veterinary services by Latino dog and cat owners with various degrees of English-language proficiency. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:681-9. [PMID: 26953923 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.6.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize patterns of dog and cat ownership and veterinary service use among Latino dog and cat owners with various degrees of English-language proficiency. DESIGN :Cross-sectional telephone survey. SAMPLE Data from 393 Latino pet owners. PROCEDURES Telephone surveys were conducted with Latino dog and cat owners from a random sample of US households to determine the number of dogs and cats owned, factors associated with veterinary service use, and satisfaction with veterinary care. RESULTS 393 of 1,026 (38.3%) respondents were pet owners. Two hundred fifty-nine of 330 (78.5%) dog owners and 70 of 115 (60.9%) cat owners reported taking their pet to the veterinarian in the past 12 months, most commonly for vaccination or examination or because of illness. Respondents were most satisfied with veterinary care provided, least satisfied with cost, and moderately satisfied with quality of communication. English-language proficiency was not significantly associated with whether owners sought veterinary care. A large proportion of respondents who wanted to receive pet health information in Spanish described themselves as speaking English well or very well. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although having limited proficiency in English was not associated with Latino pet owners seeking veterinary care, opportunities exist for veterinary personnel to improve communications with these clients. Personnel can assess their clients' language needs by asking each about the language in which they would prefer to receive their pet's health information.
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Kisiel LM, Jones-Bitton A, Sargeant JM, Coe JB, Flockhart DTT, Reynoso Palomar A, Canales Vargas EJ, Greer AL. Owned dog ecology and demography in Villa de Tezontepec, Hidalgo, Mexico. Prev Vet Med 2016; 135:37-46. [PMID: 27931927 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dog overpopulation in developing countries has negative implications for the health and safety of people, including the transmission of zoonotic diseases, physical attacks and intimidation to humans and animals, as well as impacts on canine welfare. Understanding the ecology and demographic characteristics of a dog population can help in the planning and monitoring of canine population control programs. Little data exist regarding demography and dynamics of domestic dog populations in semi-urban areas in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 21 and November 7, 2015, to characterize the dog ecology and demography in Villa de Tezontepec, Hidalgo, Mexico. A face-to-face survey was used to collect data from randomly selected households in four contiguous communities using stratified two-stage cluster sampling. Within each household, adults answered questions related to their dogs and their experiences with dog bites and aggression. A total of 328 households were interviewed, representing a participation rate of 90.9% (328/361) and 1,450 people. Approximately 65.2% of the households owned one or more dogs, with a mean of 1.3 (SD=1.5) and 2.0 (SD=1.5) owned dogs in all participant households and dog-owning households, respectively. The human: owned dog ratio for all participant households was 3.4:1 (1450/428), and for the dog-owning households was 2.3:1 (984/428). The owned dog male: female ratio was 1.4:1 (249/179). Approximately 74.4% (95.0% CI=69.8% - 78.7%) of the owned dogs were older than one year (mean age: 2.9 years; SD=2.5). The mean age of owned female dogs at first litter was 1.9 years (SD=1.2) and the mean litter size was 4.2 puppies (SD=2.1). Approximately 36.9% (95.0% CI=31.8% - 46.4%) of the females were spayed, and 14.1% (95.0% CI=10.7% - 19.7%) of the males were neutered. Only 44.9% (95.0% CI=40.1% - 49.7%) were always confined when unsupervised. Approximately 84.4% (95.0% CI=80.6% - 87.7%) were reported to have been vaccinated against rabies in 2015. The knowledge of owned dog demography and ecology provided by this study can inform local government planning of dog population control interventions, and could serve as a baseline for the development of agent-based models to evaluate the effects of different dog population control strategies on dog demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Maria Kisiel
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Andria Jones-Bitton
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jan M Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jason B Coe
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - D T Tyler Flockhart
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Alejandro Reynoso Palomar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 4 Sur 104, Centro Tecamachalco, Puebla C.P. 75482, Mexico.
| | - Erick J Canales Vargas
- Rabies and Zoonoses Prevention Program, Servicios de Salud de Hidalgo, Plaza Vía Montaña, Boulevard Luis Donaldo Colosio No. 516, Col. Calabazas, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42182, Mexico.
| | - Amy L Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Benka VA, McCobb E. Characteristics of cats sterilized through a subsidized, reduced-cost spay-neuter program in Massachusetts and of owners who had cats sterilized through this program. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:490-8. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.5.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fielding WJ. Dog Breeding in New Providence, The Bahamas, and Its Potential Impact on the Roaming Dog Population I: Planned and Accidental. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2010; 13:250-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2010.483881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Fielding
- a Planning Department , The College of The Bahamas , New Providence, The Bahamas
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Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Kogan LR, Wright ML. Comparison of strength of the human-animal bond between Hispanic and non-Hispanic owners of pet dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 236:529-34. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.236.5.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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