1
|
Kwong JL, Bourn S, Hillier M, Merko M, Grass AJ, Ednie T, Verbeek PR. A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Confirmation of Prehospital Endotracheal Tube Placement at Emergency Department Transfer of Care. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38861683 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2024.2366401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rates of prehospital unplanned extubation (UE) range from 0 to 25% and are the result of many factors, including patient movement. Transfer of care of intubated patients to the emergency department (ED) involves significant patient movement and represents a high-risk event for UE. Frequent confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement is imperative for early recognition of UE and to minimize patient harm. METHODS Local Practice-Our baseline rate of verbal ETT position confirmation with a member of the ED team during ED transfer of care was 74%. Our goal was to increase this practice to >90% in six months. This project was completed in partnership with Toronto Paramedic Services. Prehospital electronic patient care records (ePCRs) were reviewed weekly to determine the proportion of intubated patients who had ETT placement confirmed in the ED at transfer of care. Interventions-Pre- and post-project paramedic focus groups were conducted to identify potential drivers, change ideas, and project feedback. Three staggered interventions were introduced over five months: (1) memorandums to paramedics, ED chiefs and respiratory therapy leads, (2) individualized paramedic feedback e-mails, and (3) ePCR changes and closing rules. RESULTS The pre-project focus group identified several potential drivers, such as physical barriers, interprofessional relationships, and communication. ETT confirmation remained ≥90% for the last eight weeks and interventions resulted in special cause variation. Median cases without verbal confirmation between paramedics and ED staff reduced from 5/week (IQR 2.5, 6.5) to 1/week (IQR 0, 2). UE was identified in 0.6% (2/340) of patients with ETT confirmation. The post-project focus group noted improvements in perceived accountability, interprofessional relationships, and satisfaction with interventions. CONCLUSION Through a series of interventions, we improved the rate of ETT confirmation during ED transfer of care. Although rates of UE were low, improvement in ETT confirmation may lead to faster recognition of UE when it does occur thereby mitigating complications. The observed improvement was sustained after interventions ended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Kwong
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Morgan Hillier
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Centre for Prehospital Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mike Merko
- Sunnybrook Centre for Prehospital Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A J Grass
- Toronto Paramedic Services, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tim Ednie
- Toronto Paramedic Services, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Richard Verbeek
- Sunnybrook Centre for Prehospital Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crewdson K, Lockey DJ, Røislien J, Lossius HM, Rehn M. The success of pre-hospital tracheal intubation by different pre-hospital providers: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2017; 21:31. [PMID: 28196506 PMCID: PMC5309978 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-hospital basic airway interventions can be ineffective at providing adequate oxygenation and ventilation in some severely ill or injured patients, and advanced airway interventions are then required. Controversy exists regarding the level of provider required to perform successful pre-hospital intubation. A previous meta-analysis reported pre-hospital intubation success rates of 0.849 for non-physicians versus 0.991 for physicians. The evidence base on the topic has expanded significantly in the last 10 years. This study systematically reviewed recent literature and presents comprehensive data on intubation success rates. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed using PRISMA methodology to identify articles on pre-hospital tracheal intubation published between 2006 and 2016. Overall success rates were estimated using random effects meta-analysis. The relationship between intubation success rate and provider type was assessed in weighted linear regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 1838 identified studies, 38 met the study inclusion criteria. Intubation was performed by non-physicians in half of the studies and by physicians in the other half. The crude median (range) reported overall success rate was 0.969 (0.616-1.000). In random effects meta-analysis, the estimated overall intubation success rate was 0.953 (0.938-0.965). The crude median (range) reported intubation success rates for non-physicians were 0.917 (0.616-1.000) and, for physicians, were 0.988 (0.781-1.000) (p = 0.003). DISCUSSION The reported overall success rate of pre-hospital intubation has improved, yet there is still a significant difference between non-physician and physician providers. The finding that less-experienced personnel perform less well is not unexpected, but since there is considerable evidence that poorly performed intubation carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality careful consideration should be given to the training and experience required to deliver this intervention safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Crewdson
- London Air Ambulance, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB UK
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Way, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - D. J. Lockey
- London Air Ambulance, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB UK
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Way, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Holterveien 24, N-1441 Drøbak, Norway
| | - J. Røislien
- Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholmsgate 41, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - H. M. Lossius
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Holterveien 24, N-1441 Drøbak, Norway
- Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholmsgate 41, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - M. Rehn
- London Air Ambulance, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB UK
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Holterveien 24, N-1441 Drøbak, Norway
- Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholmsgate 41, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Myers LA, Gallet CG, Kolb LJ, Lohse CM, Russi CS. Determinants of Success and Failure in Prehospital Endotracheal Intubation. West J Emerg Med 2016; 17:640-7. [PMID: 27625734 PMCID: PMC5017854 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2016.6.29969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify factors associated with successful endotracheal intubation (ETI) by a multisite emergency medical services (EMS) agency. Methods We collected data from the electronic prehospital record for all ETI attempts made from January through May 2010 by paramedics and other EMS crew members at a single multistate agency. If documentation was incomplete, the study team contacted the paramedic. Paramedics use the current National Association of EMS Physicians definition of an ETI attempt (laryngoscope blade entering the mouth). We analyzed patient and EMS factors affecting ETI. Results During 12,527 emergent ambulance responses, 200 intubation attempts were made in 150 patients. Intubation was successful in 113 (75%). A crew with paramedics was more than three times as likely to achieve successful intubation as a paramedic/emergency medical technician-Basic crew (odds ratio [OR], 3.30; p=0.03). A small tube (≤7.0 inches) was associated with a more than 4-fold increased likelihood of successful ETI compared with a large tube (≥7.5 inches) (OR, 4.25; p=0.01). After adjustment for these features, compared with little or no view of the glottis, a partial or entire view of the glottis was associated with a nearly 13-fold (OR, 12.98; p=0.001) and a nearly 40-fold (OR, 39.78; p<0.001) increased likelihood of successful intubation, respectively. Conclusion Successful ETI was more likely to be accomplished when a paramedic was partnered with another paramedic, when some or all of the glottis was visible and when a smaller endotracheal tube was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Logan J Kolb
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hilton MT, Wayne M, Martin-Gill C. Impact of System-Wide King LT Airway Implementation on Orotracheal Intubation. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2016; 20:570-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2016.1163446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
5
|
Bigelow AM, Gothard MD, Schwartz HP, Bigham MT. Intubation in Pediatric/Neonatal Critical Care Transport: National Performance. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2015; 19:351-7. [PMID: 25664667 DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2014.980481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are nearly 200,000 US infants/children transported annually for specialty care and there are no published best practices in transport intubation. OBJECTIVE Respiratory interventions are a priority in pediatric and neonatal critical care transport (PNCCT). A recent Delphi study identified intubation performance as an important PNCCT quality metric, though data are insufficient. The objective of the study is to determine multi-center rates of first attempt intubation success in pediatric/neonatal transport and identify practice processes associated with higher performing centers. METHODS Retrospective chart review where data was collected from the 9 participating centers over a 6-month period from January-June 2013. Data describing intubation training and practices were gathered using SurveyMonkey® (Palo Alto, CA). Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA) and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Through the determination of 1(st) intubation success rate across multiple pediatric/neonatal critical care transport programs, we hypothesized that the features of higher and lower performing centers can be identified to inform practice. RESULTS 9 of 14 invited institutions participated. The median (IQR) 6-month transport volume for neonates(neo) was 289(35-646) and pediatric (ped) 510(122-831). On average, 7%(+/-3.0) of neo and 1.6%(+/-0.7) of ped transport patients required intubation. Individual centers had their initial success rate calculated and a 95% confidence interval was determined for those centers satisfying the np > 5 and n(1-p) > 5 sample size requirement for normality assumption of proportions. Since the overall success rate was 64%, it was determined that n = 14 initial intubation attempts would be the minimum number needed per center in order to fulfill the sample size requirement for normality assumption. Centers whose 95% confidence interval did not contain the initial overall success rate were identified. CONCLUSION This represents the first multi-center neo/ped intubation dataset in PNCCT. First attempt intubation success lags behind reported anesthesia intubation rates but parallels pediatric emergency department intubation success rates. Training and operational processes are variable in PNCCT, though top performing teams require live-patient intubation success to achieve initial intubation competency.
Collapse
|
6
|
The process of prehospital airway management: challenges and solutions during paramedic endotracheal intubation. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:1372-8. [PMID: 24589641 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endotracheal intubation success rates in the prehospital setting are variable. Our objective was to describe the challenges encountered and corrective actions taken during the process of endotracheal intubation by paramedics. DESIGN Analysis of prehospital airway management using a prospective registry that was linked to an emergency medical services administrative database. SETTING Emergency medical services system serving King County, Washington, 2006-2011. Paramedics in this system have the capability to administer neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate intubation (i.e., rapid sequence intubation). PATIENTS A total of 7,523 patients more than 12 years old in whom paramedics attempted prehospital endotracheal intubation. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS An intubation attempt was defined as the introduction of the laryngoscope into the patient's mouth, and the attempt concluded when the laryngoscope was removed from the mouth. Endotracheal intubation was successful on the first attempt in 77% and ultimately successful in 99% of patients (7,433 of 7,523). Paramedics used a rapid sequence intubation strategy on 54% of first attempts. Among the subset with a failed first attempt (n = 1,715), bodily fluids obstructing the laryngeal view (50%), obesity (28%), patient positioning (17%), and facial or spinal trauma (6%) were identified as challenges to intubation. A variety of adjustments were made to achieve intubation success, including upper airway suctioning (used in 43% of attempts resulting in success), patient repositioning (38%), rescue bougie use (19%), operator change (16%), and rescue rapid sequence intubation (6%). Surgical cricothyrotomy (0.4%, n = 27) and bag-valve-mask ventilation (0.8%, n = 60) were rarely performed by paramedics as final rescue airway strategies. CONCLUSIONS Airway management in the prehospital setting has substantial challenges. Success can require a collection of adjustments that involve equipment, personnel, and medication often in a simultaneous fashion.
Collapse
|
7
|
Anders J, Brown K, Simpson J, Gausche-Hill M. Evidence and Controversies in Pediatric Prehospital Airway Management. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Lossius HM, Røislien J, Lockey DJ. Patient safety in pre-hospital emergency tracheal intubation: a comprehensive meta-analysis of the intubation success rates of EMS providers. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R24. [PMID: 22325973 PMCID: PMC3396268 DOI: 10.1186/cc11189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pre-hospital airway management is a controversial subject, but there is general agreement that a small number of seriously ill or injured patients require urgent emergency tracheal intubation (ETI) and ventilation. Many European emergency medical services (EMS) systems provide physicians to care for these patients while other systems rely on paramedics (or, rarely, nurses). The ETI success rate is an important measure of provider and EMS system success and a marker of patient safety. Methods We conducted a systematic search of Medline and EMBASE to identify all of the published original English-language articles reporting pre-hospital ETI in adult patients. We selected all of the studies that reported ETI success rates and extracted information on the number of attempted and successful ETIs, type of provider, level of ETI training and the availability of drugs on scene. We calculated the overall success rate using meta-analysis and assessed the relationships between the ETI success rate and type of provider and between the ETI success rate and the types of drugs available on the scene. Results From 1,070 studies initially retrieved, we identified 58 original studies meeting the selection criteria. Sixty-four per cent of the non-physician-manned services and 54% of the physician-manned services reported ETI success rates but the success rate reporting was incomplete in three studies from non-physician-manned services. Median success rate was 0.905 (0.491, 1.000). In a weighted linear regression analysis, physicians as providers were significantly associated with increased success rates, 0.092 (P = 0.0345). In the non-physician group, the use of drug-assisted intubation significantly increased the success rates. All physicians had access to traditional rapid sequence induction (RSI) and, comparing these to non-physicians using muscle paralytics or a traditional RSI, there still was a significant difference in success rate in favour of physicians, 0.991 and 0.955, respectively (P = 0.047). Conclusions This comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that physicians have significantly fewer pre-hospital ETI failures overall than non-physicians. This finding, which remains true when the non-physicians administer muscle paralytics or RSI, raises significant patient safety issues. In the absence of pre-hospital physicians, conducting basic or advanced airway techniques other than ETI should be strongly considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Morten Lossius
- Department of Research and Development, The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Holterveien 24, PO Box 94, N-1441 Drøbak, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Caen AR, Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Coovadia AH, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Nadkarni VM, Reis AG, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Tibballs J, Zaritsky AL, Zideman D. Part 10: Paediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2011; 81 Suppl 1:e213-59. [PMID: 20956041 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan R de Caen
- Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lossius HM, Sollid SJM, Rehn M, Lockey DJ. Revisiting the value of pre-hospital tracheal intubation: an all time systematic literature review extracting the Utstein airway core variables. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2011; 15:R26. [PMID: 21244667 PMCID: PMC3222062 DOI: 10.1186/cc9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although tracheal intubation (TI) in the pre-hospital setting is regularly carried out by emergency medical service (EMS) providers throughout the world, its value is widely debated. Heterogeneity in procedures, providers, patients, systems and stated outcomes, and inconsistency in data reporting make scientific reports difficult to interpret and compare, and the majority are of limited quality. To hunt down what is really known about the value of pre-hospital TI, we determined the rate of reported Utstein airway variables (28 core variables and 12 fixed-system variables) found in current scientific publications on pre-hospital TI. Methods We performed an all time systematic search according to the PRISMA guidelines of Medline and EMBASE to identify original research pertaining to pre-hospital TI in adult patients. Results From 1,076 identified records, 73 original papers were selected. Information was extracted according to an Utstein template for data reporting from in-the-field advanced airway management. Fifty-nine studies were from North American EMS systems. Of these, 46 (78%) described services in which non-physicians conducted TI. In 12 of the 13 non-North American EMS systems, physicians performed the pre-hospital TI. Overall, two were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and 65 were observational studies. None of the studies presented the complete set of recommended Utstein airway variables. The median number of core variables reported was 10 (max 21, min 2, IQR 8-12), and the median number of fixed system variables was 5 (max 11, min 0, IQR 4-8). Among the most frequently reported variables were "patient category" and "service mission type", reported in 86% and 71% of the studies, respectively. Among the least-reported variables were "co-morbidity" and "type of available ventilator", both reported in 2% and 1% of the studies, respectively. Conclusions Core data required for proper interpretation of results were frequently not recorded and reported in studies investigating TI in adults. This makes it difficult to compare scientific reports, assess their validity, and extrapolate to other EMS systems. Pre-hospital TI is a complex intervention, and terminology and study design must be improved to substantiate future evidence based clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Morten Lossius
- Department of Research, The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Holterveien 24, PO Box 94, N-1441 Drøbak, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Coovadia AH, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Nadkarni VM, Reis AG, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Tibballs J, Zaritsky AL, Zideman D. Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Pediatrics 2010; 126:e1261-318. [PMID: 20956433 PMCID: PMC3784274 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-2972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
12
|
Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Coovadia AH, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Nadkarni VM, Reis AG, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Tibballs J, Zaritsky AL, Zideman D. Part 10: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2010; 122:S466-515. [PMID: 20956258 PMCID: PMC3748977 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.971093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Note From the Writing Group: Throughout this article, the reader will notice combinations of superscripted letters and numbers (eg, “Family Presence During ResuscitationPeds-003”). These callouts are hyperlinked to evidence-based worksheets, which were used in the development of this article. An appendix of worksheets, applicable to this article, is located at the end of the text. The worksheets are available in PDF format and are open access.
Collapse
|
13
|
Thomas S, Judge T, Lowell MJ, MacDonald RD, Madden J, Pickett K, Werman HA, Shear ML, Patel P, Starr G, Chesney M, Domeier R, Frantz P, Funk D, Greenberg RD. Airway management success and hypoxemia rates in air and ground critical care transport: a prospective multicenter study. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2010; 14:283. [PMID: 20507218 DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2010.481758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess critical care transport (CCT) crews' endotracheal intubation (ETI) attempts, success rates, and peri-ETI oxygenation. METHODS Participants were adult and pediatric patients undergoing attempted advanced airway management during the period from July 2007 to December 2008 by crews from 11 CCT programs varying in geography, crew configuration, and casemix; all crews had access to neuromuscular-blocking agents. Data collected included airway management variables defined per national consensus criteria. Descriptive analysis focused on ETI success rates (reported with exact binomial 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) and occurrence of new hypoxemia (oxygen saturation [SpO(2)] dropping below 90% during or after ETI); to assess categorical variables, Fisher's exact test, Pearson chi(2), and logistic regression were employed to explore associations between predictor variables and ETI failure or new hypoxemia. For all tests, p < 0.05 defined significance. RESULTS There were 603 total attempts at airway management, with successful oral or nasal ETI in 582 cases, or 96.5% (95% CI 94.7-97.8%). In 182 cases (30.2%, 95% CI 26.5-34.0%), there were failed ETI attempts prior to CCT crew arrival; CCT crew ETI success on these patients (96.2%, 95% CI 92.2-98.4%) was just as high as in the patients in whom there was no pre-CCT ETI attempt (p = 0.81). New hypoxemia occurred in only six cases (1.6% of the 365 cases with ongoing SpO(2) monitoring; 95% CI 0.6-3.5%); the only predictor of new hypoxemia was pre-ETI hypotension (p < 0.001). A requirement for multiple ETI attempts by CCT crews was not associated with new hypoxemia (Fisher's exact p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS CCT crews' ETI success rates were very high, and even when ETI required multiple attempts, airway management was rarely associated with SpO(2) derangement. CCT crews' ETI success rates were equally high in the subset of patients in whom ground emergency medical services (EMS) ETI failed prior to arrival of transport crews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thomas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hubble MW, Brown L, Wilfong DA, Hertelendy A, Benner RW, Richards ME. A Meta-Analysis of Prehospital Airway Control Techniques Part I: Orotracheal and Nasotracheal Intubation Success Rates. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2010; 14:377-401. [DOI: 10.3109/10903121003790173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|