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Juncan AM, Moisă DG, Santini A, Morgovan C, Rus LL, Vonica-Țincu AL, Loghin F. Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid and Its Combination with Other Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmeceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154429. [PMID: 34361586 PMCID: PMC8347214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a glycosaminoglycan constituted from two disaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid), isolated initially from the vitreous humour of the eye, and subsequently discovered in different tissues or fluids (especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid). It is ubiquitous in vertebrates, including humans, and it is involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, embryological development, inflammation, wound healing, etc. HA has many qualities that recommend it over other substances used in skin regeneration, with moisturizing and anti-ageing effects. HA molecular weight influences its penetration into the skin and its biological activity. Considering that, nowadays, hyaluronic acid has a wide use and a multitude of applications (in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, oncology, nutrition, and cosmetics), the present study describes the main aspects related to its use in cosmetology. The biological effect of HA on the skin level and its potential adverse effects are discussed. Some available cosmetic products containing HA have been identified from the brand portfolio of most known manufacturers and their composition was evaluated. Further, additional biological effects due to the other active ingredients (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, probiotics, etc.) are presented, as well as a description of their possible toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Juncan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- SC Aviva Cosmetics SRL, 71A Kövari Str., 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.J.); (D.G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Dana Georgiana Moisă
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.J.); (D.G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.J.); (D.G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Luca-Liviu Rus
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
| | - Andreea Loredana Vonica-Țincu
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Yusà V, López A, Dualde P, Pardo O, Fochi I, Pineda A, Coscolla C. Analysis of unknowns in recycled LDPE plastic by LC-Orbitrap Tribrid HRMS using MS3 with an intelligent data acquisition mode. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guo L, Geng X, Liu L, Miao Y, Lin Z, Yu M, Fu Y, Liu L, Li B, Luo Y. Quality, bioactivity study, and preclinical acute toxicity, safety pharmacology evaluation of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M 2 ES). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22257. [PMID: 30536793 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endostar, a potent endogenous antiangiogenic factor, is wildly used in clinics. However, it was easily degraded by enzymes and rapidly cleared by the kidneys. To overcome these shortcomings, PEGylated recombinant human endostatin was developed. In this study, the purity of M2 ES was evaluated by silver stain and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet spectrum was used to examine the structural of M2 ES and endostar. The bioactivity and antitumor efficacy of M2 ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and athymic nude mouse xenograft model of a heterogeneous lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety pharmacology in rhesus monkeys. The purity of M2 ES was more than 98%; PEG modification has no effect on endostatin structure. Compared with the control group, M2 ES dramatically retards endothelial cell migration and tumor growth. After intravenous (IV) infusions of M2 ES at a dose level of three and 75 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys, there was no observable serious adverse event in both acute toxicity and safety pharmacology study. On the basis of the quality and bioactivity study data of M2 ES and the absence of serious side effect in rhesus monkeys, M2 ES was authorized to initiate a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Guo
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Jang HJ, Shin CY, Kim KB. Safety Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds for Cosmetic Use. Toxicol Res 2015; 31:105-36. [PMID: 26191379 PMCID: PMC4505343 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners. The compounds studied in this review include PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil. Overall, much of the data available in this review are on PEGylated oils (PEG-40 and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oils), which were recommended as safe for use in cosmetics up to 100% concentration. Currently, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate and PEGylated oils are considered safe for cosmetic use according to the results of relevant studies. Additionally, PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer should be further studied to ensure its safety as a cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Toledo VM, Tellez MGO, Sortibrán ANC, Andrade-Cetto A, Rodríguez-Arnaiz R. Genotoxicity testing of Cecropia obtusifolia extracts in two in vivo assays: the wing somatic mutation and recombination test of Drosophila and the human cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:58-63. [PMID: 18078727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Cecropiaceae) is a tree that grows in secondary vegetation in the tropical rain forest along both coasts of Mexico. Its leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. The aim of the present studies was the evaluation of possible genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract from the leaves of Cecropia obtusifolia by means of two different experimental assay models: the wing somatic mutation and recombination test in flies and the micronucleus test from lymphocytes obtained from patients treated with the extract. No toxicity was found to be induced by the leaves of Cecropia obtusifolia. The Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was applied in the standard version with basal biotransformation activity as well as in a variant version with increased cytochrome P450-dependent bioactivation capacity. The ranges of exposure concentrations for these genotoxicity experiments were between 0.82 and 13.32 mg/ml. The extract did not produce any genotoxic effect; however it showed a non significant antigenotoxic effect. The human micronucleus assay in vivo was performed with cultured lymphocytes obtained from six diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients treated daily with 13.5 g of the aqueous extract between 32 and 85 days. No statistically significant increases in cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity between control and diabetic blood samples were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varenka Martínez Toledo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
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Gad SC, Cassidy CD, Aubert N, Spainhour B, Robbe H. Nonclinical vehicle use in studies by multiple routes in multiple species. Int J Toxicol 2007; 25:499-521. [PMID: 17132609 DOI: 10.1080/10915810600961531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory toxicologist is frequently faced with the challenge of selecting appropriate vehicles or developing utilitarian formulations for use in in vivo nonclinical safety assessment studies. Although there are many vehicles available that may meet physical and chemical requirements for chemical or pharmaceutical formulation, there are wide differences in species and route of administration specific to tolerances to these vehicles. In current practice, these differences are largely approached on a basis of individual experience as there is only scattered literature on individual vehicles and no comprehensive treatment or information source. This approach leads to excessive animal use and unplanned delays in testing and development. To address this need, a consulting firm and three contract research organizations conducted a rigorous data mining operation of control (vehicle) data from studies dating from 1991 to present. The results identified 65 single component vehicles used in 368 studies across multiple species (dog, primate, rat, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, minipig, chick embryo, and cat) by multiple routes. Reported here are the results of this effort, including maximum tolerated use levels by species, route, and duration of study, with accompanying dose limiting toxicity. Also included are basic chemical information and a review of available literature on each vehicle, as well as guidance on volume limits and pH by route and some basic guidance on nonclinical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne C Gad
- Gad Consulting Services, Cary, North Carolina 27518, USA.
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Haj-Younes L, Sanchez-Politta S, Pasche-Koo F, Denereaz N, Bessire N, Saurat JH, Piletta P. Occupational contact dermatitis to Mikrobac Extratm in 8 hospital cleaners. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 54:69-70. [PMID: 16426305 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.0729k.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Haj-Younes
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
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