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Mahmoud SY, Svensson F, Zoufir A, Módos D, Afzal AM, Bender A. Understanding Conditional Associations between ToxCast in Vitro Readouts and the Hepatotoxicity of Compounds Using Rule-Based Methods. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:137-153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Y. Mahmoud
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Azedine Zoufir
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dezső Módos
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Avid M. Afzal
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Iron overload by Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles is a High Risk Factor in Cirrhosis by a Systems Toxicology Assessment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29110. [PMID: 27357559 PMCID: PMC4928111 DOI: 10.1038/srep29110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a contrast agent have been widely used in magnetic resonance imaging for tumor diagnosis and theranostics. However, there has been safety concern of SPIONs with cirrhosis related to excess iron-induced oxidative stress. In this study, the impact of iron overload by SPIONs was assessed on a mouse cirrhosis model. A single dose of SPION injection at 0.5 or 5 mg Fe/kg in the cirrhosis group induced a septic shock response at 24 h with elevated serum levels of liver and kidney function markers and extended impacts over 14 days including high levels of serum cholesterols and persistent low serum iron level. In contrast, full restoration of liver functions was found in the normal group with the same dosages over time. Analysis with PCR array of the toxicity pathways revealed the high dose of SPIONs induced significant expression changes of a distinct subset of genes in the cirrhosis liver. All these results suggested that excess iron of the high dose of SPIONs might be a risk factor for cirrhosis because of the marked impacts of elevated lipid metabolism, disruption of iron homeostasis and possibly, aggravated loss of liver functions.
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Zhou L, Zhao F, Hu B, Fang Y, Miao Y, Huang Y, Ji D, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Zhao H. A Creative Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis Scheme Based on Multiple Genetic Analysis System: Qualification and Quantitation. Helicobacter 2015; 20:343-52. [PMID: 25640660 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, several diagnostic assays for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are available, but each has some limitations. Further, a high-flux quantitative assay is required to assist clinical diagnosis and monitor the effectiveness of therapy and novel vaccine candidates. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-seven adult patients [nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) 295, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 77, gastric cancer (GC) 15] were enrolled for gastrointestinal endoscopies. Three biopsy samples from gastric antrum were collected for the following tests: culture, rapid urease test (RUT), histopathology, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Multiple Genetic Analysis System (MGAS). The diagnostic capability of H. pylori for all methods was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Based on the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MGAS were 92.9 and 92.4%, and positive predict value (PPV) and negative predict value (NPV) were 96.0 and 87.1%, respectively. All the above parameters of MGAS were higher than that of culture (except its specificity), RUT and histopathology, and nearly closed to that of conventional PCR. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.7575 (Culture), 0.8870 (RUT), 0.9000 (Histopathology), 0.9496 (Conventional PCR), and 0.9277 (MGAS). No significant statistical difference was observed for the H. pylori DNA load in different disease groups (p = .067). In contrast, a statistically significant difference in the H. pylori DNA copy number was observed based on age (p = .043) and gender (p = .021). CONCLUSIONS The data showed that MGAS performed well in detecting H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis showed that the load of H. pylori was significantly different within both age and gender groups. These results suggested that MGAS could be a potential alternative method for clinical detection and monitoring of the effectiveness of H. pylori therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuju Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binjie Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gerontology Institute of Shanghai affiliated to, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da'nian Ji
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Shanghai Shine Clinical Laboratories, Inc., The Research base of MDT, DCMST, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gerontology Institute of Shanghai affiliated to, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Derecka K, Blythe MJ, Malla S, Genereux DP, Guffanti A, Pavan P, Moles A, Snart C, Ryder T, Ortori CA, Barrett DA, Schuster E, Stöger R. Transient exposure to low levels of insecticide affects metabolic networks of honeybee larvae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68191. [PMID: 23844170 PMCID: PMC3699529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of a species depends on its capacity to adjust to changing environmental conditions, and new stressors. Such new, anthropogenic stressors include the neonicotinoid class of crop-protecting agents, which have been implicated in the population declines of pollinating insects, including honeybees (Apis mellifera). The low-dose effects of these compounds on larval development and physiological responses have remained largely unknown. Over a period of 15 days, we provided syrup tainted with low levels (2 µg/L(-1)) of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid to beehives located in the field. We measured transcript levels by RNA sequencing and established lipid profiles using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry from worker-bee larvae of imidacloprid-exposed (IE) and unexposed, control (C) hives. Within a catalogue of 300 differentially expressed transcripts in larvae from IE hives, we detect significant enrichment of genes functioning in lipid-carbohydrate-mitochondrial metabolic networks. Myc-involved transcriptional response to exposure of this neonicotinoid is indicated by overrepresentation of E-box elements in the promoter regions of genes with altered expression. RNA levels for a cluster of genes encoding detoxifying P450 enzymes are elevated, with coordinated downregulation of genes in glycolytic and sugar-metabolising pathways. Expression of the environmentally responsive Hsp90 gene is also reduced, suggesting diminished buffering and stability of the developmental program. The multifaceted, physiological response described here may be of importance to our general understanding of pollinator health. Muscles, for instance, work at high glycolytic rates and flight performance could be impacted should low levels of this evolutionarily novel stressor likewise induce downregulation of energy metabolising genes in adult pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Derecka
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Blythe
- Deep Seq, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sunir Malla
- Deep Seq, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Diane P. Genereux
- Biology Department, Westfield State University, Westfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Charles Snart
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catharine A. Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Schuster
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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5
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Blin J, Ahmad Z, Rampal LRSG, Mohtarrudin N, Tajudin AKH, Adnan RS. Preliminary assessment of differential expression of candidate genes associated with atherosclerosis. Genes Genet Syst 2013; 88:199-209. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.88.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Blin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
| | - Zalinah Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
| | | | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
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Ho KL, Chong PP, Yazan LS, Ismail M. Vanillin differentially affects azoxymethane-injected rat colon carcinogenesis and gene expression. J Med Food 2012; 15:1096-102. [PMID: 23216109 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanillin is the substance responsible for the flavor and smell of vanilla, a widely used flavoring agent. Previous studies reported that vanillin is a good antimutagen and anticarcinogen. However, there are also some contradicting findings showing that vanillin was a comutagen and cocarcinogen. This study investigated whether vanillin is an anticarcinogen or a cocarcinogen in rats induced with azoxymethane (AOM). Rats induced with AOM will develop aberrant crypt foci (ACF). AOM-challenged rats were treated with vanillin orally and intraperitoneally at low and high concentrations and ACF density, multiplicity, and distribution were observed. The gene expression of 14 colorectal cancer-related genes was also studied. Results showed that vanillin consumed orally had no effect on ACF. However, high concentrations (300 mg/kg body weight) of vanillin administered through intraperitoneal injection could increase ACF density and ACF multiplicity. ACF were mainly found in the distal colon rather than in the mid-section and proximal colon. The expression of colorectal cancer biomarkers, protooncogenes, recombinational repair, mismatch repair, and cell cycle arrest, and tumor suppressor gene expression were also affected by vanillin. Vanillin was not cocarcinogenic when consumed orally. However, it was cocarcinogenic when being administered intraperitoneally at high concentration. Hence, the use of vanillin in food should be safe but might have cocarcinogenic potential when it is used in high concentration for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ket Li Ho
- Nutrigenomic Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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7
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Jia X, Ju H, Yang L, Tian Y. A novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for profile analyses of gene expression in peripheral blood. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:51. [PMID: 22780915 PMCID: PMC3445828 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated that inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis due to the abnormal gene expressions of multiple cytokines. We established an accurate and precise method to observe gene expression in whole blood that might provide specific diagnostic information for coronary artery disease (CAD) and other related diseases. Methods The fifteen selected CAD-related genes (IL1B, IL6, IL8, IFNG, MCP-1, VWF, MTHFR, SELL, TNFalpha, ubiquitin, MCSF, ICAM1, ID2, HMOX1 and LDLR) and two housekeeping genes (ACTB and GK) as internal references have been measured simultaneously with a newly developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multi-PCR) method. Moreover, the precision was evaluated, and a procedure for distinguishing patients from the normal population has been developed based upon analyses of peripheral blood. A total of 148 subjects were divided into group A (control group without plaques), group B (calcified plaques) and group C (non-calcified plaques, and combination group) according dual-source CT criteria. Gene expression in blood was analyzed by multi-PCR, and levels of glucose and lipids measured in 50 subjects to explore the relationship among them. Results The precision results of the multi-PCR system revealed within-run and between-run CV values of 3.695–12.537% and 4.405–13.405%, respectively. The profiles of cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood were set: a positive correlation between glucose and MCSF, HMOX1 or TNFalpha were found. We also found that triglyceride levels were negatively correlated with SELL gene expression in 50 subjects. Compared with controls, gene expression levels of IL1B, IL6, IL8 and MCP-1 increased significantly in group C. Conclusions A new multiple gene expression analysis system has been developed. The primary data suggested that gene expression was related to CAD. This system might be used for risk assessment of CVDs and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Jia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
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8
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The effect of troglitazone on lipid accumulation and related gene expression in Hanwoo muscle satellite cell. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:97-109. [PMID: 22773295 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of the troglitazone (TGZ) on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, fatty acid binding protein 4, calpain 1 (CAPN1), and lipid accumulation in the myotube of Hanwoo muscle satellite cells. The satellite cells were treated with 5, 10, and 50 μM of TGZ for indicated time intervals. TGZ promoted the trans-differentiation with significant increase in glycerol accumulation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray results indicated that the TGZ treatment significantly increased the expression of adipogenic transcription factors. TGZ (10 and 50 μM) increased the CAPN1 gene expression 2.2- and 2.6-fold in real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and 0.52- and 0.25-fold in microarray analysis, respectively, when compared with their respective controls. This result suggests that CAPN1 gene might be involved in the adipogenic differentiation programs. In addition, 13 genes were upregulated and 12 genes were downregulated in microarray analysis. Most of the up/downregulated genes were directly linked with adipogenesis.
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9
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Gilden D, Mahalingam R, Nagel MA, Pugazhenthi S, Cohrs RJ. Review: The neurobiology of varicella zoster virus infection. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011; 37:441-63. [PMID: 21342215 PMCID: PMC3176736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic herpesvirus that infects nearly all humans. Primary infection usually causes chickenpox (varicella), after which virus becomes latent in cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and autonomic ganglia along the entire neuraxis. Although VZV cannot be isolated from human ganglia, nucleic acid hybridization and, later, polymerase chain reaction proved that VZV is latent in ganglia. Declining VZV-specific host immunity decades after primary infection allows virus to reactivate spontaneously, resulting in shingles (zoster) characterized by pain and rash restricted to one to three dermatomes. Multiple other serious neurological and ocular disorders also result from VZV reactivation. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the clinical and pathological complications of neurological and ocular disease produced by VZV reactivation, molecular aspects of VZV latency, VZV virology and VZV-specific immunity, the role of apoptosis in VZV-induced cell death and the development of an animal model provided by simian varicella virus infection of monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gilden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA.
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10
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Rogue A, Renaud MP, Claude N, Guillouzo A, Spire C. Comparative gene expression profiles induced by PPARγ and PPARα/γ agonists in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:18-31. [PMID: 21515302 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Species-differential toxic effects have been described with PPARα and PPARγ agonists between rodent and human liver. PPARα agonists (fibrates) are potent hypocholesterolemic agents in humans while they induce peroxisome proliferation and tumors in rodent liver. By contrast, PPARγ agonists (glitazones) and even dual PPARα/γ agonists (glitazars) have caused idiosyncratic hepatic and nonhepatic toxicities in human without evidence of any damage in rodent during preclinical studies. The mechanisms involved in such differences remain largely unknown. Several studies have identified the major target genes of PPARα agonists in rodent liver while no comprehensive analysis has been performed on gene expression changes induced by PPARγ and dual PPARα/γ agonists. Here, we investigated transcriptomes of rat hepatocytes after 24h treatment with two PPARγ (troglitazone and rosiglitazone) and two PPARα/γ (muraglitazar and tesaglitazar) agonists. Although, hierarchical clustering revealed a gene expression profile characteristic of each PPAR agonist class, only a limited number of genes was specifically deregulated by glitazars. Functional analyses showed that many genes known as PPARα targets were also modulated by both PPARγ and PPARα/γ agonists and quantitative differences in gene expression profiles were observed between these two classes. Moreover, most major genes modulated in rat hepatocytes were also found to be deregulated in rat liver after tesaglitazar treatment. Taken altogether, these results support the conclusion that differential toxic effects of PPARα and PPARγ agonists in rodent liver do not result from transcriptional deregulation of major PPAR target genes but rather from qualitative and/or quantitative differential responses of a small subset of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rogue
- UMR INSERM U991, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Rennes, France
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11
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Salomone S. Pleiotropic effects of glitazones: a double edge sword? Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:14. [PMID: 21687509 PMCID: PMC3108480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glitazones (thiazolidinediones) are drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2. By binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) they modulate transcription of genes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Through PPARγ stimulation, however, glitazones also affect other genes, encompassing inflammation, cell growth and differentiation, angiogenesis, which broads their therapeutic potential. The gene expression profile induced by each glitazone shows peculiarities, which may affect its benefit/risk balance; indeed, troglitazone and rosiglitazone have been associated with liver failure and coronary disease, respectively; whether or not these severe adverse effects are solely related to PPARγ remains yet unclear, since glitazones exert also PPARγ-independent effects. Glitazone chemistry serves as scaffold for synthesizing new compounds with PPARγ-independent pharmacological properties and we report here a preliminary observation of inhibition of vasoconstriction by troglitazone in isolated vessels, an effect that appears fast, reversible, and PPARγ-independent. Pleiotropic effects of glitazones need specific attention in terms of drug safety, but also provide basis for drug development and novel experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Catania University Catania, Italy
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12
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Drew JE, Mayer CD, Farquharson AJ, Young P, Barrera LN. Custom design of a GeXP multiplexed assay used to assess expression profiles of inflammatory gene targets in normal colon, polyp, and tumor tissue. J Mol Diagn 2011; 13:233-42. [PMID: 21354059 PMCID: PMC3128578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancers are characterized by aberrant gene expression signatures associated with disease initiation and progression. Identification of aberrant gene expression associated with colon carcinogenesis has increased significantly with application of gene array technologies. Downstream processing of these data has been hindered by the lack of robust multiplexed gene quantitative technologies facilitating study of the identified multiple gene targets. The GenomeLab Genetic Analysis System presents a novel technology platform for quantitative multiplexed gene expression analysis. This report describes the custom design of a GeXP multiplexed assay used to assess expression profiles of 14 inflammatory gene targets in normal, polyp, and tumor tissue. Characteristic normal, polyp, and tumor tissue gene expression profiles were obtained. Statistical analysis confirmed comparable relative quantitation of gene expression using the GeXP, macroarray, and single-plex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. GeXP assays may be usefully applied in clinical and regulatory studies of multiple gene targets. This system permits custom-design options for relative quantification of multiple gene target expression, simultaneously in a single reaction, using nanogram quantities of total RNA template. The system provides an approach to advance the study of multiple targets identified from gene array analysis with potential for characterizing gene expression signatures in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice E Drew
- Division of Gut Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
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13
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Ho K, Yazan LS, Ismail N, Ismail M. Toxicology study of vanillin on rats via oral and intra-peritoneal administration. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Gene Expression Changes Induced by PPAR Gamma Agonists in Animal and Human Liver. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:325183. [PMID: 20981297 PMCID: PMC2963138 DOI: 10.1155/2010/325183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are a class of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists that reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Although no detectable hepatic toxicity has been evidenced in animal studies during preclinical trials, these molecules have nevertheless induced hepatic adverse effects in some treated patients. The mechanism(s) of hepatotoxicity remains equivocal. Several studies have been conducted using PCR analysis and microarray technology to identify possible target genes and here we review the data obtained from various in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Although PPARγ is expressed at a much lower level in liver than in adipose tissue, PPARγ agonists exert various PPARγ-dependent effects in liver in addition to PPARγ-independent effects. Differences in effects are dependent on the choice of agonist and experimental conditions in rodent animal studies and in rodent and human liver cell cultures. These effects are much more pronounced in obese and diabetic liver. Moreover, our own recent studies have shown major interindividual variability in the response of primary human hepatocyte populations to troglitazone treatment, supporting the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in only some individuals.
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Edling Y, Sivertsson LK, Butura A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Ek M. Increased sensitivity for troglitazone-induced cytotoxicity using a human in vitro co-culture model. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1387-95. [PMID: 19631733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a major reason for withdrawal of drugs from development as well as from the market. A major problem predicting hepatotoxicity is the lack of suitable predictive in vitro system. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is usually associated with the recruitment of immune cells to the liver accelerating an inflammatory response often initiated by activation of the Kupffer cells. In order to evaluate whether the introduction of inflammatory cells could increase the sensitivity for drug-induced cytotoxicity we developed an in vitro co-culture system based on two human cell lines; a hepatoma (Huh-7) and monocytic (THP-1) cell line. As model drugs we chose two peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists, the hepatotoxic troglitazone and the non-hepatotoxic rosiglitazone. In the co-cultures, troglitazone caused an enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to single cultures of either cell line, whereas little cytotoxicity was seen after treatment with rosiglitazone. Troglitazone treatment increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and stress-related genes in both cell types, which in general was more pronounced in co-cultures than in single cell cultures. Based on these results we suggest that co-cultures of human hepatoma cells and monocytes might provide an important in vitro system for better prediction of cytotoxicity mediated by potential hepatotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Edling
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Blomme EA, Yang Y, Waring JF. Use of toxicogenomics to understand mechanisms of drug-induced hepatotoxicity during drug discovery and development. Toxicol Lett 2009; 186:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Ueberfeld J, McKenna B, Rubin-Bejerano I, Verstrepen K, Ehrlich DJ. Reaction-Mapped Quantitative Multiplexed Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7430-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Ueberfeld
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Brian McKenna
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Ifat Rubin-Bejerano
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstrepen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Daniel J. Ehrlich
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
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Sahu SC, Garthoff LH, Robl MG, Chirtel SJ, Ruggles DI, Flynn TJ, Sobotka TJ. Rat liver clone-9 cells in culture as a model for screening hepatotoxic potential of food-related products: hepatotoxicity of deoxynivalenol. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:765-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kang YJ, Kim HS, Choi HC. Troglitazone Increases IL-1.BETA. Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression via Enhanced Phosphorylation of I.KAPPA.B.ALPHA. in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Wistar-Kyoto Rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1955-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
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Chen QR, Vansant G, Oades K, Pickering M, Wei JS, Song YK, Monforte J, Khan J. Diagnosis of the small round blue cell tumors using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Mol Diagn 2007; 9:80-8. [PMID: 17251339 PMCID: PMC1867426 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The small round blue cell tumors of childhood, which include neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the Ewing's family of tumors, are so called because of their similar appearance on routine histology. Using cDNA microarray gene expression profiles and artificial neural networks (ANNs), we previously identified 93 genes capable of diagnosing these cancers. Using a subset of these, together with some additional genes (total 39), we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to diagnose these cancer types. Blinded testing of 96 new samples (26 Ewing's family of tumors, 29 rhabdomyosarcomas, 24 neuroblastomas, and 17 lymphomas) using ANNs in a complete leave-one-out analysis demonstrated that all except one sample were accurately diagnosed as their respective category. Moreover, using an ANN-based gene minimization strategy in a separate analysis, we found that the top 31 genes could correctly diagnose all 96 tumors. Our results suggest that this molecular test based on a multiplex PCR reaction may assist the physician in the rapid confirmation of the diagnosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Rong Chen
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
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