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Schmidt MP, Mamet SD, Senger C, Schebel A, Ota M, Tian TW, Aziz U, Stein LY, Regier T, Stanley K, Peak D, Siciliano SD. Positron-emitting radiotracers spatially resolve unexpected biogeochemical relationships linked with methane oxidation in Arctic soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4211-4224. [PMID: 35377512 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arctic soils are marked by cryoturbic features, which impact soil-atmosphere methane (CH4 ) dynamics vital to global climate regulation. Cryoturbic diapirism alters C/N chemistry within frost boils by introducing soluble organic carbon and nutrients, potentially influencing microbial CH4 oxidation. CH4 oxidation in soils, however, requires a spatio-temporal convergence of ecological factors to occur. Spatial delineation of microbial activity with respect to these key microbial and biogeochemical factors at relevant scales is experimentally challenging in inherently complex and heterogeneous natural soil matrices. This work aims to overcome this barrier by spatially linking microbial CH4 oxidation with C/N chemistry and metagenomic characteristics. This is achieved by using positron-emitting radiotracers to visualize millimeter-scale active CH4 uptake areas in Arctic soils with and without diapirism. X-ray absorption spectroscopic speciation of active and inactive areas shows CH4 uptake spatially associates with greater proportions of inorganic N in diapiric frost boils. Metagenomic analyses reveal Ralstonia pickettii associates with CH4 uptake across soils along with pertinent CH4 and inorganic N metabolism associated genes. This study highlights the critical relationship between CH4 and N cycles in Arctic soils, with potential implications for better understanding future climate. Furthermore, our experimental framework presents a novel, widely applicable strategy for unraveling ecological relationships underlying greenhouse gas dynamics under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schmidt
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- USDA-ARS United States Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Steven D Mamet
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Curtis Senger
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alixandra Schebel
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mitsuaki Ota
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tony W Tian
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Umair Aziz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lisa Y Stein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom Regier
- Canadian Light Source, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kevin Stanley
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Derek Peak
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Wendisch VF, Kosec G, Heux S, Brautaset T. Aerobic Utilization of Methanol for Microbial Growth and Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 180:169-212. [PMID: 34761324 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is a reduced one-carbon (C1) compound. It supports growth of aerobic methylotrophs that gain ATP from reduced redox equivalents by respiratory phosphorylation in their electron transport chains. Notably, linear oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide may yield three reduced redox equivalents if methanol oxidation is NAD-dependent as, e.g., in Bacillus methanolicus. Methanol has a higher degree of reduction per carbon than glucose (6 vs. 4), and thus, lends itself as an ideal carbon source for microbial production of reduced target compounds. However, C-C bond formation in the RuMP or serine cycle, a prerequisite for production of larger molecules, requires ATP and/or reduced redox equivalents. Moreover, heat dissipation and a high demand for oxygen during catabolic oxidation of methanol may pose challenges for fermentation processes. In this chapter, we summarize metabolic pathways for aerobic methanol utilization, aerobic methylotrophs as industrial production hosts, strain engineering, and methanol bioreactor processes. In addition, we provide technological and market outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | | | - Stéphanie Heux
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Trygve Brautaset
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Salehi Z, Rasouli A, Doosthosseini H. p-nitrophenol Degradation Kinetics and Mass Transfer Study by Ralstonia eutropha as a Whole Cell Biocatalyst. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1578808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rasouli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Doosthosseini
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Babaei F, Habibi A. Fast Biodegradation of Diesel Hydrocarbons at High Concentration by the Sophorolipid-Producing Yeast Candida catenulata KP324968. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 28:240-254. [DOI: 10.1159/000496797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, biodegradation as an environmentally friendly approach has raised interest in connection with the removal of hydrocarbon pollutants. Its capacity for removing pollutants strongly depends on the type of living cell and environmental conditions. The degradative activity of a new sophorolipid-producing yeast, <i>Candida catenulata</i> KP324968, in the removal of high concentrations of diesel from effluents was statistically evaluated considering the initial pH, the agitation speed, and the initial diesel concentration. The optimal setting of the operational variables at an initial pH of 4.7, an agitation speed of 204 rpm, and an initial diesel concentration of 93.4 g L<sup>–1</sup> resulted in the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency: about 82.1% after 6 days (biodegradation rate: 0.378 g g<sub>cell</sub><sup>–1</sup> h<sup>–1</sup>). During the cell growth phase, the emulsification index in the medium increased and reached its highest level at 64.6% after 48 h. Further tests indicated that the emulsification capacity was obtained by in situ production of two sophorolipid molecules with an m/z of 533 and 583. In summary, its effective diesel removal and high emulsification capacity makes <i>C. catenulata</i> KP324968 an attractive candidate yeast for the degradation of hydrocarbons from aqueous environments.
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Babatabar S, Zamir SM, Shojaosadati SA, Yakhchali B, Zarch AB. Cometabolic degradation of bisphenol A by pure culture of Ralstonia eutropha and metabolic pathway analysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:732-737. [PMID: 30598401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a toxic compound emitting to the environment mainly by polycarbonate production facilities. In this research, BPA with the initial concentrations in the range of 1-40 mg l-1 was degraded by Ralstonia eutropha. The bacteria were unable to use BPA as the sole carbon source. Therefore, resting and growing cells of phenol-adapted R. eutropha were used for cometabolic biodegradation of BPA with phenol at the concentration of 100 mg l-1. The optimum initial concentrations of BPA were 20 mg l-1 in both approaches of cometabolism. By using resting cells, BPA removal efficiency (RE) reached to 57%, however, RE decreased to 37% by growing cells in the presence of phenol. BPA-degrading activity was inhibited at BPA concentrations >20 mg l-1. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was used to identify some metabolic intermediates generated during BPA degradation process as 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol, 4-(2-propanol)-phenol, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-isopropenylphenol, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Finally, metabolic pathways for BPA degradation were proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeme Babatabar
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zamir
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology (IIEB), Pajoohesh Blvd., km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Babaei Zarch
- Department of Pharmacology, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Habibi A, Nalband M, Jalilnejad E. Experimentation and CFD modeling of continuous degradation of formaldehyde by immobilized Ralstonia eutropha in a semi-pilot-scale plug flow bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:485-497. [PMID: 30539242 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on continuous formaldehyde (FA) biodegradation by Ralstonia eutropha immobilized on polyurethane foam in a semi-pilot-scale plug flow packed-bed bioreactor. The stepwise increasing of the influent FA concentration from 43.9 to 1325.1 mg L-1 was studied in the bioreactor during 70 days of operation. A complete removal of FA was achieved for inlet concentration up to 425.5 mg L-1 and the initial specific biodegradation rate reached to its maximum value about 44.3 mg gcell-1 h-1 at 425.5 mg L-1. However, further increase of inlet concentration resulted in decrease of the biodegradation performance of the immobilized cells due to the inhibitory effect of FA on the enzymatic system involved in the biodegradation process. Based on kinetic modeling results, the Luong equation with the following constants could best describe the behavior of the bio-system: maximum specific FA biodegradation rate (qmax) of 124 mg gcell-1 h-1, half-saturation constant (KS) of 337.2 mg L-1, maximum degradable FA concentration (Smax) of 1582 mg L-1, and shape factor (n) of 1.49. Also, three-dimensional simulation of the bioreactor was performed using an integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach that takes into account both the biokinetic constants of the immobilized system as well as the fluid properties under steady-state condition. Eulerian computations successfully anticipated the concentration gradients through the reactor for different inlet FA concentrations, and uniform vertical velocity pathlines and non-dispersed plug flow inside the reactor were verified by the presented velocity distribution and flow streamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Habibi
- Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Nalband
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Jalilnejad
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.
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Amani A, Jalilnejad E. CFD modeling of formaldehyde biodegradation in an immobilized cell bioreactor with disc-shaped Kissiris support. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Sedighi M, Zamir SM, Vahabzadeh F. Cometabolic degradation of ethyl mercaptan by phenol-utilizing Ralstonia eutropha in suspended growth and gas-recycling trickle-bed reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 165:53-61. [PMID: 26406878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The degradability of ethyl mercaptan (EM), by phenol-utilizing cells of Ralstonia eutropha, in both suspended and immobilized culture systems, was investigated in the present study. Free-cells experiments conducted at EM concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 14.42 mg/l, showed almost complete removal of EM at concentrations below 10.08 mg/l, which is much higher than the maximum biodegradable EM concentration obtained in experiments that did not utilize phenol as the primary substrate, i.e. 2.5 mg/l. The first-order kinetic rate constant (kSKS) for EM biodegradation by the phenol-utilizing cells (1.7 l/g biomass/h) was about 10 times higher than by cells without phenol utilization. Immobilized-cells experiments performed in a gas recycling trickle-bed reactor packed with kissiris particles at EM concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 36.9 mg/l, showed complete removal at all tested concentrations in a much shorter time, compared with free cells. The first-order kinetic rate constant (rmaxKs) for EM utilization was 0.04 l/h for the immobilized system compared to 0.06 for the suspended-growth culture, due to external mass transfer diffusion. Diffusion limitation was decreased by increasing the recycling-liquid flow rate from 25 to 65 ml/min. The removed EM was almost completely mineralized according to TOC and sulfate measurements. Shut down and starvation experiments revealed that the reactor could effectively handle the starving conditions and was reliable for full-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sedighi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zamir
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Vahabzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran
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Multistage A-O Activated Sludge Process for Paraformaldehyde Wastewater Treatment and Microbial Community Structure Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/2746715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the effect of formaldehyde on microorganisms and body had become a global public health issue. The multistage combination of anaerobic and aerobic process was adopted to treat paraformaldehyde wastewater. Microbial community structure in different reaction stages was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that multistage A-O activated sludge process positively influenced polyformaldehyde wastewater. The removal rates of formaldehyde were basically stable at more than 99% and those of COD were about 89%. Analysis of the microbial diversity index indicated that the microbial diversity of the reactor was high, and the treatment effect was good. Moreover, microbial community had certain similarity in the same system. Microbial communities in different units also showed typical representative characteristics affected by working conditions and influent concentrations. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant fungal genera in the phylum level of community composition. As to family and genus levels, Peptostreptococcaceae was distributed at various stages and the dominant in this system. This bacterium also played an important role in organic matter removal, particularly decomposition of the acidified middle metabolites. In addition, Rhodobacteraceae and Rhodocyclaceae were the formaldehyde-degrading bacteria found in the reactor.
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Sedighi M, Vahabzadeh F. Kinetic Modeling of cometabolic degradation of ethanethiol and phenol by Ralstonia eutropha. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Jeon BY, Yi JY, Park DH. Estimation on metabolic pathway of Pseudomonas sp. SMIC-3 for 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone based on physiological and biochemical analyses. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Lessmeier L, Hoefener M, Wendisch VF. Formaldehyde degradation in Corynebacterium glutamicum involves acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:2651-2662. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.072413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Lessmeier
- Chair of Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Hoefener
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Chair of Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Habibi A, Vahabzadeh F, Zaiat M. Dynamic mathematical models for biodegradation of formaldehyde by Ralstonia eutropha in a batch bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:548-554. [PMID: 24018119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of formaldehyde by Ralstonia eutropha was studied in a batch bioreactor operated in recycling mode (30 °C, initial pH of 6.5, aeration rate 0.5 vvm, and a recycling flow rate of 6 mL min(-1)). Growth kinetics equations were described using four substrate inhibition models, and the initial formaldehyde concentration ranged from 54.5 to 993.0 mg L(-1). In each case, model parameters were estimated interactively using nonlinear regression analysis and on the basis of the goodness of fit, the fitness of the model to the experimental data was obtained (i.e., the coefficient of determination and the percent of standard deviation). The estimated parameters according to the Luong equation were μmax = 0.101 h(-1), KS = 54.1 mg L(-1), Sm = 1329 mg L(-1), and n = 2.07. According to the maintenance energies explained by Pirt, cell maintenance was quantified with q = Aμ + B; where A and B are the associated and non-associated growth parts of substrate consumption, respectively. The importance of these terms was verified using the developed models, which would efficiently describe the dynamic nature of growth and formaldehyde biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Habibi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Jalilnejad E, Vahabzadeh F. Models for the Biodegradation Kinetics of Naphthalene byRalstonia Eutropha. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2013.810652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Cometabolic degradation of para-nitrophenol and phenol by Ralstonia eutropha in a Kissiris-immobilized cell bioreactor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Degradation of formaldehyde in packed-bed bioreactor by kissiris-immobilized Ralstonia eutropha. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Habibi A, Vahabzadeh F. Formaldehyde degradation by Ralstonia eutropha in an immobilized cell bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1557-1572. [PMID: 23802165 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.797304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The formaldehyde (FA) degradation ability of the loofa-immobilized Ralstonia eutropha cells in a packed bed reactor was modeled using a statistically based design of the experiment (DOE) considering application of response surface methodology (RSM). The simultaneous effects of four operative test factors on the cells performance in terms of FA degradation rate and extent of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were monitored. The combination of factors at initial FA concentration of 629.7 mg L(-1)h(-1), recycling substrate flow rate of 4.4 mL min(-1), aeration rate of 1.05 vvm, and the system's temperature of 28.8°C resulted the optimal conditions for the FA biodegradation rate and COD removal efficiency. Loofa porous structure was found to be a protective environment for the cells in exposing to the toxic substances and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed extensive cells penetration within this support. Oxygen transfer analysis in the form of evaluating K la value was also carried out and at the optimum conditions of the DOE was equaled to 9.96 h(-1)and oxygen uptake rate was 35.6 mg L(-1)h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Habibi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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