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Beghè D, Cirlini M, Beneventi E, Dall’Asta C, Marchioni I, Petruccelli R. Exploring Italian Autochthonous Punica granatum L. Accessions: Pomological, Physicochemical, and Aromatic Investigations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2558. [PMID: 39339533 PMCID: PMC11434734 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Autochthonous Italian pomegranate accessions are still underexplored, although they could be an important resource for fresh consumption, processing, and nutraceutical uses. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the local germplasm to identify genotypes with desirable traits. In this study, six old Italian pomegranate landraces and a commercial cultivar (Dente di Cavallo) were investigated, evaluating their fruit pomological parameters, physicochemical (TSS, pH, TA, and color) characteristics, sugar content, and aromatic profiles (HeadSpace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME)) coupled with Gas Chromatographyass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of pomegranate juices. Significant differences were observed in the size and weight of the seed and fruits (127.50-525.1 g), as well as the sugar content (100-133.6 gL-1), the sweetness (12.9-17.6 °Brix), and the aroma profiles. Over 56 volatile compounds, predominantly alcohols (56%), aldehydes (24%), and terpenes (9%), were simultaneously quantified. Large variability among the genotypes was also statistically confirmed. The results indicate a strong potential for commercial exploitation of this germplasm, both as fresh and processed fruit, and highlight its versatility for diverse applications. The genetic diversity of the autochthonous pomegranate accessions represents a precious heritage to be preserved and enhanced. This work represents a preliminary step toward a more comprehensive characterization and qualitative valorization of the Italian pomegranate germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Beghè
- Economics and Management Department, University of Parma, Via J.F. Kennedy 6, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.B.); (C.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Elisa Beneventi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.B.); (C.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.B.); (C.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Ilaria Marchioni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.B.); (C.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Raffaella Petruccelli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano n. 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
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Bizzio LN, Tieman D, Munoz PR. Branched-Chain Volatiles in Fruit: A Molecular Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814138. [PMID: 35154212 PMCID: PMC8829073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain volatiles (BCVs) constitute an important family of fruit volatile metabolites essential to the characteristic flavor and aroma profiles of many edible fruits. Yet in contrast to other groups of volatile organic compounds important to fruit flavor such as terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and oxylipins, the molecular biology underlying BCV biosynthesis remains poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is a barrier to efforts aimed at obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of fruit flavor and aroma and the biology underlying these complex phenomena. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding fruit BCV biosynthesis from the perspective of molecular biology. We survey the diversity of BCV compounds identified in edible fruits as well as explore various hypotheses concerning their biosynthesis. Insights from branched-chain precursor compound metabolism obtained from non-plant organisms and how they may apply to fruit BCV production are also considered, along with potential avenues for future research that might clarify unresolved questions regarding BCV metabolism in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo N. Bizzio
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Denise Tieman
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Patricio R. Munoz
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Budiene J, Guclu G, Oussou KF, Kelebek H, Selli S. Elucidation of Volatiles, Anthocyanins, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of cv. Caner Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Juices Produced from Three Juice Extraction Methods. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071497. [PMID: 34203382 PMCID: PMC8304681 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the characterization of the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of cv. Caner pomegranate (Punica granatum) juices obtained from three different juice extraction methods including halved pomegranate (HPJ), arils (AJ), and macerated arils (MAJ) extraction for the first time. It was found that the type of the juice extraction process had substantial effects on the volatiles, anthocyanin compositions, and antioxidant activities of the samples. Results showed that the AJ sample (593 mg L-1) had more anthocyanin compounds followed by HPJ (555 mg L-1) and MAJ (408 mg L-1) samples. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 34 volatile compounds. The highest number of volatiles was found in the MAJ sample (1872 µg L-1); thus, the aril maceration process played an important role in increasing the volatiles as compared to the HPJ (751.8 µg L-1) and AJ (710.7 µg L-1) samples. Sensory analysis showed that the HPJ sample was the most preferred and its general impression was higher as compared to the AJ and MAJ samples. The findings of this study elucidated that the juice extraction technique had a significant influence on the phytochemical profiles, sensory quality, and antioxidant activity of pomegranate juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Budiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Gamze Guclu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey; (G.G.); (K.F.O.)
| | - Kouame Fulbert Oussou
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey; (G.G.); (K.F.O.)
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey; (G.G.); (K.F.O.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana 01250, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-322-338-6173
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Impact of Sugar Type Addition and Fermentation Temperature on Pomegranate Alcoholic Beverage Production and Characteristics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060889. [PMID: 34205857 PMCID: PMC8228759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the production of pomegranate alcoholic beverage (PAB) from juice of the Wonderful variety. The effect of fermentation temperature (15 and 25 °C) and type of sugar added (adjustment to 20 °Brix) on the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and volatile composition were studied. Sucrose, concentrated pomegranate juice, concentrated grape juice, and honey were used to increase the initial sugar content. The produced PABs contained ethanol in concentrations ranging from 7.9 to 10.0% v/v and glycerol from 4.8 to 6.1 g L−1. A decrease in total phenolics content, free radical-scavenging activity, and total monomeric anthocyanin content was observed following fermentation. Total flavonoids content appeared to increase after fermentation only in the cases of concentrated pomegranate and grape juice addition. In general, 22 volatile compounds were identified in PABs (13 esters, 2 fatty acids, and 7 alcohols). Major compounds detected were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, and ethyl acetate. These findings demonstrate the production prospect of PABs with increased ethanol content, while elaborating on the importance of fermentation temperature and the differences between the selected types of added sugars on end-product composition.
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Mosca AC, Menghi L, Aprea E, Mazzucotelli M, Benedito J, Zambon A, Spilimbergo S, Gasperi F. Effect of CO 2 Preservation Treatments on the Sensory Quality of Pomegranate Juice. Molecules 2020; 25:E5598. [PMID: 33260509 PMCID: PMC7730496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the interest in identifying cost-effective techniques that can guarantee the microbiological, nutritional, and sensorial aspects of food products, this study investigates the effect of CO2 preservation treatment on the sensory quality of pomegranate juice at t0 and after a conservation period of four weeks at 4 °C (t28). The same initial batch of freshly squeezed non-treated (NT) juice was subjected to non-thermal preservation treatments with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), and with a combination of supercritical carbon dioxide and ultrasound (CO2-US). As control samples, two other juices were produced from the same NT batch: A juice stabilized with high pressure treatment (HPP) and a juice pasteurized at high temperature (HT), which represent an already established non-thermal preservation technique and the conventional thermal treatment. Projective mapping and check-all-that-apply methodologies were performed to determine the sensory qualitative differences between the juices. The volatile profile of the juices was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that juices treated with supercritical CO2 could be differentiated from NT, mainly by the perceived odor and volatile compound concentration, with a depletion of alcohols, esters, ketones, and terpenes and an increase in aldehydes. For example, in relation to the NT juice, limonene decreased by 95% and 90%, 1-hexanol decreased by 9% and 17%, and camphene decreased by 94% and 85% in the CO2 and CO2-US treated juices, respectively. Regarding perceived flavor, the CO2-treated juice was not clearly differentiated from NT. Changes in the volatile profile induced by storage at 4 °C led to perceivable differences in the odor quality of all juices, especially the juice treated with CO2-US, which underwent a significant depletion of all major volatile compounds during storage. The results suggest that the supercritical CO2 process conditions need to be optimized to minimize impacts on sensory quality and the volatile profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Mosca
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Leonardo Menghi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (M.M.)
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento/Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Eugenio Aprea
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (M.M.)
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento/Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzucotelli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Jose Benedito
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain;
| | - Alessandro Zambon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Spilimbergo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Flavia Gasperi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (L.M.); (E.A.); (M.M.)
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento/Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Kokkinomagoulos E, Nikolaou A, Kourkoutas Y, Kandylis P. Evaluation of Yeast Strains for Pomegranate Alcoholic Beverage Production: Effect on Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, and Aroma Compounds. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101583. [PMID: 33066576 PMCID: PMC7602208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, three commercial yeasts (for wine, beer, and cider) were evaluated for the production of pomegranate alcoholic beverage (PAB) from a juice of Wonderful variety. The physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and aromatic profiles of PABs were investigated before and after fermentation, while the effect of yeast strain and fermentation temperature (15 and 25 °C) was also evaluated. The PABs contained ethanol in the ranges of 5.6–7.0% v/v, in combination with glycerol (2.65–6.05 g L−1), and low volatile acidity. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, free radical-scavenging activity, and total monomeric anthocyanin content appeared to decrease after fermentation, possibly due to hydrolysis, oxidation, and other reactions. In general, PABs retained 81–91% of free radical-scavenging activity, 29–41% of phenolics, 24–55% of flavonoids, and 66–75% of anthocyanins. The use of different yeast affected mainly flavonoids and anthocyanins, and yeast strain M02 resulted in the highest values after fermentation. In PABs, 30 different volatile compounds were identified, specifically 15 esters, 4 organic acids, 8 alcohols, and 3 terpenes. The principal component analysis showed that the fermentation temperature affected significantly volatile composition, whereas, among the yeasts, WB06 is the one that seems to differentiate. The findings of this study show that the selection of the appropriate yeast and fermentation temperature is very crucial and affects the characteristics of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Kokkinomagoulos
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Beverages, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 235, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasios Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Kandylis
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Beverages, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 235, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +30-2310-991-678
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Beghè D, Cirlini M, Beneventi E, Miroslav Č, Tatjana P, Ganino T, Petruccelli R, Dall’Asta C. Volatile profile of Italian and Montenegrine pomegranate juices for geographical origin classification. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hernández Escarcega G, Sánchez-Chávez E, Pérez Álvarez S, Soto Caballero M, Soto Parra JM, Flores-Córdova MA, Salas Salazar NA, Ojeda Barrios DL. Determination of antioxidant phenolic, nutritional quality and volatiles in pomegranates ( Punica granatum L.) cultivated in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1760879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Pérez Álvarez
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Mayra Soto Caballero
- Department of Agrotechonology Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Juan Manuel Soto Parra
- Department of Agrotechonology Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
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Citrus Taste Modification Potentials by Genetic Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246194. [PMID: 31817978 PMCID: PMC6940753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are mainly consumed as fresh fruit and processed juice products. They serve as nutritional and a tasty diet in our daily life. However, the formidable bitterness and delayed bitterness significantly impact the citrus industry attributable to the two major bitter compounds naringin and limonin. The extremely sour and acidic also negatively affects the sensory quality of citrus products. Citrus breeding programs have developed different strategies to improve citrus quality and a wealth of studies have aimed to uncover the genetic and biochemical basis of citrus flavor. In this minireview, we outline the major genes characterized to be involved in pathways shaping the sweet, bitter, or sour taste in citrus, and discuss briefly about the possible approaches to modify citrus taste by genetic engineering.
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