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Chalella Mazzocato M, Jacquier JC. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Food-Grade Immobilisation Systems for Enzymes. Foods 2024; 13:2127. [PMID: 38998633 PMCID: PMC11241248 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of enzyme immobilisation is becoming increasingly popular in beverage processing, as this method offers significant advantages, such as enhanced enzyme performance and expanded applications, while allowing for easy process termination via simple filtration. This literature review analysed approximately 120 articles, published on the Web of Science between 2000 and 2023, focused on enzyme immobilisation systems for beverage processing applications. The impact of immobilisation on enzymatic activity, including the effects on the chemical and kinetic properties, recyclability, and feasibility in continuous processes, was evaluated. Applications of these systems to beverage production, such as wine, beer, fruit juices, milk, and plant-based beverages, were examined. The immobilisation process effectively enhanced the pH and thermal stability but caused negative impacts on the kinetic properties by reducing the maximum velocity and Michaelis-Menten constant. However, it allowed for multiple reuses and facilitated continuous flow processes. The encapsulation also allowed for easy process control by simplifying the removal of the enzymes from the beverages via simple filtration, negating the need for expensive heat treatments, which could result in product quality losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Chalella Mazzocato
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-Christophe Jacquier
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Dokuzparmak E. Industrial Approach to Invertase Production from Fruit Waste for Enhanced Efficiency and Conservation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26183-26194. [PMID: 38911758 PMCID: PMC11190939 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the commercial viability of repurposing fruit waste for enzyme production, specifically focusing on the invertase enzyme derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By utilizing fruit pulp that incorporates mulberry, carob, Figure, and grape pulp as a nutrient source, it is observed that the culture medium containing carob pulp exhibits the highest invertase activity. Specifically, the invertase activity in this medium is approximately 2.5 times greater (12.90 U/mg protein) than that observed in the peptone medium (5.98 U/mg protein). The extract undergoes several purification steps, including ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and ion-exchange chromatography (purification ratio: 12.11 times, yield: 26.93%). The purified enzyme is immobilized using alginate beads, improving pH and thermal stability. The immobilized enzyme exhibits optimal activity between pH 3.50 and pH 7.00, thereby broadening the enzyme's high-activity pH range. The thermal stability of the immobilized invertase enzyme is significantly improved, especially at 65 °C. Activity studies in the presence of metal ions and certain chemicals have been conducted. The immobilized enzyme's activity increases by approximately 40% in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the immobilized enzyme maintains its activity in the presence of detergents such as SDS, Tween-20, and organic solvents like ethanol and methanol. The potential for the reuse of immobilized invertase was investigated under standard assay conditions. After 20 cycles, the immobilized enzyme was found to retain 80% of its initial activity. Overall, the study establishes the commercial potential of fruit pulp, typically discarded in fruit juice production, as a valuable source for obtaining an invertase enzyme. Furthermore, this study also aims to develop a suitable purification process for invertase in the fruit juice industry. By harnessing fruit waste and implementing innovative enzyme production strategies, industries can enhance their efficiency, reduce their environmental footprint, and optimize resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Dokuzparmak
- Ege University, Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir 35040, Turkey
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Filippovich SY, Isakova EP, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. Advances in immobilization of phytases and their application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129030. [PMID: 37037335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the advances in the phytase immobilization for the past decade and their biotechnological applications. Different approaches for phytase immobilization are described including the process using organic and inorganic matrices and microbial cells, as well as nanostructures of various nature. Moreover, the immobilization of phytase-producing microbial cells and the use of cross-linked phytase aggregates have been under consideration. A detailed classification of various carriers for immobilization of phytases and the possibility of their applications are presented. A particular attention is drawn to a breakthrough approach of biotechnological significance to the design of microencapsulation of bacterial phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus in the recombinant extremophile of Yarrowia lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yu Filippovich
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Elena P Isakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Natalia N Gessler
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Yulia I Deryabina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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Pragya, Sharma KK, Kumar A, Singh D, Kumar V, Singh B. Immobilized phytases: an overview of different strategies, support material, and their applications in improving food and feed nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:5465-5487. [PMID: 34965785 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytases are the most widely used food and feed enzymes, which aid in nutritional improvement by reducing anti-nutritional factor. Despite the benefits, enzymes usage in the industry is restricted by several factors such as their short life-span and poor reusability, which result in high costs for large-scale utilization at commercial scale. Furthermore, under pelleting conditions such as high temperatures, pH, and other factors, the enzyme becomes inactive due to lesser stability. Immobilization of phytases has been suggested as a way to overcome these limitations with improved performance. Matrices used to immobilize phytases include inorganic (Hydroxypatite, zeolite, and silica), organic (Polyacrylamide, epoxy resins, alginate, chitosan, and starch agar), soluble matrix (Polyvinyl alcohol), and nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes. Several surface analysis methods, including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FTIR analysis, have been used to characterize immobilized phytase. Immobilized phytases have been used in a broad range of biotechnological applications such as animal feed, biodegradation of food phytates, preparations of myo-inositol phosphates, and sulfoxidation by vanadate-substituted peroxidase. This article provides information on different matrices used for phytase immobilization from the last two decades, including the process of immobilization and support material, surface analysis techniques, and multifarious biotechnological applications of the immobilized phytases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak, India
| | - Davender Singh
- Department of Physics, RPS Degree College, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, India
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Microencapsulating polymers for probiotics delivery systems: Preparation, characterization, and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gkantzou E, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Fotiadou R, Giannakopoulou A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Trends in the development of innovative nanobiocatalysts and their application in biocatalytic transformations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107738. [PMID: 33775799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for cost-effective and innocuous biocatalytic transformations has prompted the rational design and development of robust biocatalytic tools. Enzyme immobilization technology lies in the formation of cooperative interactions between the tailored surface of the support and the enzyme of choice, which result in the fabrication of tremendous biocatalytic tools with desirable properties, complying with the current demands even on an industrial level. Different nanoscale materials (organic, inorganic, and green) have attracted great attention as immobilization matrices for single or multi-enzymatic systems. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of nanobiocatalytic systems, we present distinct immobilization strategies and give a thorough insight into the effect of nanosupports specific properties on the biocatalysts' structure and catalytic performance. We also highlight the development of nanobiocatalysts for their incorporation in cascade enzymatic processes and various types of batch and continuous-flow reactor systems. Remarkable emphasis is given on the application of such nanobiocatalytic tools in several biocatalytic transformations including bioremediation processes, biofuel production, and synthesis of bioactive compounds and fine chemicals for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Renia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Han H, Choi JK, Park J, Im HC, Han JH, Huh MH, Lee YB. Recent innovations in processing technologies for improvement of nutritional quality of soymilk. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1893824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwana Han
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwon Choi
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joheun Park
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Cheon Im
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heum Han
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Haeng Huh
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bok Lee
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung’s Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Lopes MM, Coutinho TC, Malafatti JOD, Paris EC, Sousa CPD, Farinas CS. Immobilization of phytase on zeolite modified with iron(II) for use in the animal feed and food industry sectors. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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