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Santos MPF, Junior ECS, Bonomo RCF, Santos LS, Veloso CM. Hydrolysis of Casein by Pepsin Immobilized on Heterofunctional Supports to Produce Antioxidant Peptides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04988-2. [PMID: 38888698 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A study was carried out on the immobilization of pepsin in activated carbon functionalized by different techniques (glutaraldehyde, genipin, and metallization) aiming at its application in obtaining bioactive peptides through casein hydrolysis. Studies of the immobilized derivatives were carried out in addition to the evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the peptides. Among the pH range studied, pH 3.0 was selected due to the higher activity of the derivatives at this pH. The support modification by metallization was the method with the best results, providing a 121% increase in enzymatic activity compared to other immobilization methods. In addition, this derivative provided activity closer to the soluble enzyme activity (3.30 U) and better storage stability, and allows reuse for more than 8 cycles. In turn, the peptides from casein hydrolysis showed potential as antioxidant agents, with a DPPH radical scavenging activity higher than 70%, maximum protection against β-carotene oxidation close to 70%, and a maximum reducing power of Fe(III) into Fe(II) of 400 uM by the FRAP assay. The results showed that the new techniques for modification of activated carbon can be a promising approach for pepsin immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P F Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory - Agroindustry, Santa Cruz State University, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, S/N, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Evaldo C S Junior
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Renata C F Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Laboratory of Packaging and Agro-Industrial Projects, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Veloso
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil.
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Yin Q, Batbatan CG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Xiao A. Preparation and Characterization of Carrageenase Immobilized onto Polyethyleneimine-Modified Pomelo Peel. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:132-140. [PMID: 37957113 PMCID: PMC10840462 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carrageenase immobilization was evaluated with a concise and efficient strategy. Pomelo peel cellulose (PPC) modified by polyethyleneimine (PEI) using the physical absorption method was used as a carrier to immobilize carrageenase and achieved repeated batch catalysis. In addition, various immobilization and reaction parameters were scrutinized to enhance the immobilization efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the enzyme activity recovery rate was more than 50% and 4.1 times higher than immobilization with non-modified pomelo peels. The optimum temperature and pH of carrageenase after immobilization by PEI-modified pomelo peel, at 60°C and 7.5 respectively, were in line with the free enzyme. The temperature resistance was reduced, inconsistent with free enzyme, and pH resistance was increased. A significant loss of activity (46.8%) was observed after reusing it thrice under optimal reaction conditions. In terms of stability, the immobilized enzyme conserved 76.0% of the initial enzyme activity after 98 days of storage. Furthermore, a modest decrease in the kinetic constant (Km) value was observed, indicating the improved substrate affinity of the immobilized enzyme. Therefore, modified pomelo peel is a verified and promising enzyme immobilization system for the synthesis of inorganic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui, 234000, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, Bukidnon, 8710, Philippines
| | | | - Yongxing Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Qiuming Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
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Santos MPF, Ferreira MA, Junior ECS, Bonomo RCF, Veloso CM. Functionalized activated carbon as support for trypsin immobilization and its application in casein hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1651-1664. [PMID: 37728765 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to immobilize trypsin on activated carbon submitted to different surface modifications and its application in casein hydrolysis. With the aim of determining which support can promote better maintenance of the immobilized enzyme. Results showed that pH 5.0 was obtained as optimal for immobilization and pH 9.0 for the casein hydrolysis reaction for activated carbon and glutaraldehyde functionalized carbon. Among the supports used, activated carbon modified with iron ions in the presence of a chelating agent was the one that showed best results, under the conditions evaluated in this study. Presenting an immobilization yield of 95.15% and a hydrolytic activity of 4.11 U, same as soluble enzyme (3.76 U). This derivative kept its activity stable at temperatures above 40 °C for1 h and when stored for 30 days at 5 °C. Furthermore, it was effective for more than 6 reuse cycles (under the same conditions as the 1st cycle). In general, immobilization of trypsin on metallized activated carbon can be an alternative to biocatalysis, highlighting the advantages of protease immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P F Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Southwest Bahia, Estrada Bem Querer, km-04 s/n, Vitória da Conquista, BA, 45083-900, Brazil
| | - Evaldo C S Junior
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Renata C F Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Veloso
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil.
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Vasicek TW, Guillermo S, Swofford DR, Durchman J, Jenkins SV. β-Glucosidase Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Controlling Biomolecule Footprint and Particle Functional Group Density to Navigate the Activity-Stability Tradeoff. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5347-5355. [PMID: 36331934 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the immobilized footprint of β-glucosidase (BGL) on silica-coated iron oxide was explored to produce reusable catalysts with flexible active sites for high activity and heightened storage stability. Synthesized iron oxide particles were coated with silica and functionalized with various densities of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain particles with amine densities ranging from 0 to 3 × 10-5 mol/g particle. The amine-modified particles were activated with glutaraldehyde, and subsequently, BGL was immobilized using either a 0.1 or 1 mg/mL enzyme solution to produce biomolecules with a large or small footprint on the particle surface. The initial activity, activity for subsequent hydrolysis cycles, activity after extended storage, and biomolecule footprint were studied as a function of APTES density and concentration of enzyme used for immobilization. At high immobilization amounts, the specific activity and footprint were reduced, but the immobilized biomolecules were stable during storage. However, at low enzyme immobilizations, the activity of the enzymes was retained, the immobilized enzymes adopted large footprints, and the storage stability increased with APTES density relative to the free enzyme. These results highlight how controlling both the protein load and functional group density can yield immobilized enzymes possessing high activity, which are stable during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus W Vasicek
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina29409, United States
| | - Sylvester Guillermo
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina29409, United States
| | - Danny R Swofford
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina29409, United States
| | - Jeremy Durchman
- Department of Physical Science, University of Arkansas Fort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas72913, United States
| | - Samir V Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas72205, United States
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Javed A, Naznin M, Alam MB, Fanar A, Song BR, Kim S, Lee SH. Metabolite Profiling of Microwave-Assisted Sargassum fusiforme Extracts with Improved Antioxidant Activity Using Hybrid Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networking-Genetic Algorithm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2246. [PMID: 36421430 PMCID: PMC9687032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme (SF) is a popular edible brown macroalga found in Korea, Japan, and China and is known for its health-promoting properties. In this study, we used two sophisticated models to obtain optimized conditions for high antioxidant activity and metabolite profiling using high-resolution mass spectrometry. A four-factor central composite design was used to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction and achieve the maximum antioxidant activities of DPPH (Y1: 28.01 % inhibition), ABTS (Y2: 36.07 % inhibition), TPC (Y3: 43.65 mg GAE/g), and TFC (Y4: 17.67 mg CAE/g), which were achieved under the optimized extraction conditions of X1: 47.67 %, X2: 2.96 min, X3: 139.54 °C, and X4: 600.00 W. Moreover, over 79 secondary metabolites were tentatively identified, of which 12 compounds were reported for the first time in SF, including five phenolic (isopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, scopoletin, caffeic acid 4-sulfate, and cinnamoyl glucose), two flavonoids (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone and naringenin), three phlorotannins (diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, dibenzodioxin-1,3,6,8-tetraol, and fucophlorethol), and two other compounds (dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxybenzofuran-2(3H)-one) being identified for the first time in optimized SF extract. These compounds may also be involved in improving the antioxidant potential of the extract. Therefore, optimized models can provide better estimates and predictive capabilities that would assist in finding new bioactive compounds with improved biological activities that can be further applied at a commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Alshammari Fanar
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Temkov M, Petrovski A, Gjorgieva E, Popovski E, Lazarova M, Boev I, Paunovic P, Grozdanov A, Dimitrov A, Baidak A, Krastanov A. Inulinase immobilization on polyethylene glycol/polypyrrole multiwall carbon nanotubes producing a catalyst with enhanced thermal and operational stability. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:617-630. [PMID: 32625037 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a simple method for mixed non-covalent and covalent bonding of partially purified inulinase on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) with polypyrrole (PPy). The pyrrole (Py) was electrochemically polymerized on MWCNTs in order to fabricate MWCNTs/PPy nanocomposite. Two multiple forms of enzyme were bound to N-H functional groups from PPy and -COO- from activated MWCNTs to yield a stable MWCNTs/PPy/PEG immobilized preparation with increased thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm functionalization of nanoparticles and immobilization of the enzyme. The immobilization yield of 85% and optimal enzyme load of 345 μg protein onto MWCNTs was obtained. The optimum reaction conditions and kinetic parameters were established using the UV-Vis analytical assay. The best functional performance for prepared heterogeneous catalyst has been observed at pH 3.6 and 10, and at the temperatures of 60 and 80ºC. The half-life (t 1/2) of the immobilized inulinase at 60 and 80ºC was found to be 231 and 99 min, respectively. The reusability of the immobilized formulation was evaluated based on a method in which the enzyme retained 50% of its initial activity, which occurred after the eighteenth operation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishela Temkov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia.,Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Petrovski
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emilija Gjorgieva
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emil Popovski
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Maja Lazarova
- Technological Technical Faculty University Goce Delcev Shtip Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivan Boev
- Technological Technical Faculty University Goce Delcev Shtip Republic of Macedonia
| | - Perica Paunovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anita Grozdanov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimitrov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aliaksandr Baidak
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility University of Manchester West Lakes United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Immobilization of cellulase in the non-natural ionic liquid environments to enhance cellulase activity and functional stability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2483-2492. [PMID: 30685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been applied as an environmentally friendly solvent in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for more than a decade. The ILs involved pretreatment processes for cellulases mediated saccharification lead to both the breakdown of cellulose crystallinity and the decrease of lignin content, thereby improving the solubility of cellulose and the accessibility of cellulase. However, most cellulases are partially or completely inactivated in the presence of even low amount of ILs. Immobilized cellulases are found to perform improved stability and higher apparent activity in practical application compared with its free counterparts. Enzyme immobilization therefore has become a promising way to relieve the deactivation of cellulase in ILs. Various immobilization carriers and methods have been developed and achieved satisfactory results in improving the stability, activity, and recycling of cellulases in IL pretreatment systems. This review aims to provide detailed introduction of immobilization methods and carrier materials of cellulase, including natural polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, magnetic materials, and newly developed composite materials, and illustrate key methodologies in improving the performance of cellulase in the presence of ILs. Especially, novel materials and concepts from the recently representative researches are focused and discussed comprehensively, and future trends in immobilization of cellulases in non-natural ILs environments are speculated in the end.
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Diyanat S, Homaei A, Mosaddegh E. Immobilization of Penaeus vannamei protease on ZnO nanoparticles for long-term use. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Homaei A, Fernandes P, Javadpour S. Marine microbial L-asparaginase: Biochemistry, molecular approaches and applications in tumor therapy and in food industry. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:99-112. [PMID: 29551216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of biological and chemical diversity. It covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and features a wide diversity of habitats, often displaying extreme conditions, where marine organisms thrive, offering a vast pool for microorganisms and enzymes. Given the dissimilarity between marine and terrestrial habitats, enzymes and microorganisms, either novel or with different and appealing features as compared to terrestrial counterparts, may be identified and isolated. L-asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1), is among the relevant enzymes that can be obtained from marine sources. This amidohydrolase acts on L-asparagine and produce L-aspartate and ammonia, accordingly it has an acknowledged chemotherapeutic application, namely in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, L-asparaginase is also of interest in the food industry as it prevents acrylamide formation. Terrestrial organisms have been largely tapped for L-asparaginases, but most failed to comply with criteria for practical applications, whereas marine sources have only been marginally screened. This work provides an overview on the relevant features of this enzyme and the framework for its application, with a clear emphasis on the use of L-asparaginase from marine sources. The review envisages to highlight the unique properties of marine L-asparaginases that could make them good candidates for medical applications and industries, especially in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sedigheh Javadpour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Razzaghi M, Homaei A, Mosaddegh E. Penaeus vannamei protease stabilizing process of ZnS nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:509-515. [PMID: 29382577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The protease enzyme purified from the Penaeus vannamei shrimp has unique properties, so improving the stability of this enzyme can improve their practical applications. In this study, ZnS nanoparticles, which have special properties for enzyme immobilization, were synthesized using a chemical precipitation method, and Penaeus vannamei protease was successfully immobilized on them. The size, structure, and morphology of the ZnS nanoparticles, and the immobilization of the protease were studied, using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. We show that the immobilized enzyme has improved functionality at high temperatures, extreme pH conditions (pH3 and 12), and during storage. Immobilization increased the optimum temperature range of the enzyme, but did not change the pH optimum, which remained at pH7. Immobilization of P. vannamei protease enzyme increased the Km and decreased kcat/Km. These results indicate that P. vannamei protease immobilized on ZnS nanoparticles, has improved properties due to its high stability and unique properties, can be used for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Razzaghi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Mosaddegh
- Department of New Materials, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, PO Box 76315-117, Kerman, Iran
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