Berberine: a comprehensive Approach to combat human maladies

Berberine can be a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Treatment of Huntington's Disease: A Proposed Mechanistic Insight

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene, producing mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. This leads to neuronal damage through protein aggregation, transcriptional dysregulation, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. mHTT impairs protein clearance and alters gene expression, energy metabolism, and synaptic function. Therapeutic strategies include enhancing mHTT degradation, gene silencing via antisense oligonucleotides and RNAi, promoting neuroprotection through BDNF signaling, and modulating neurotransmitters like glutamate and dopamine. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for HD due to its multifaceted neuroprotective properties. Research indicates that berberine can mitigate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including HD, by targeting various molecular pathways. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy-enhancing effects, which are crucial in reducing neuronal damage and apoptosis associated with HD. These properties make berberine a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention in HD, as demonstrated in both cellular and animal models. Berberine activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is vital for cell survival and neuroprotection. It reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, both of which are implicated in HD pathology. Berberine enhances autophagic processes, promoting the degradation of mutant huntingtin protein, a key pathological feature of HD. In transgenic HD mouse models, berberine administration has been shown to alleviate motor dysfunction and prolong survival. It effectively reduces the accumulation of mutant huntingtin in cultured cells, suggesting a direct impact on the disease's molecular underpinnings. Berberine's safety profile, established through its use in treating other conditions, supports its potential for clinical trials in HD patients. Its ability to modulate neurotransmitter levels and engage multiple signaling pathways further underscores its therapeutic promise. While berberine shows significant potential as a therapeutic agent for HD, further research is necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms and optimize its clinical application. The current evidence in the review paper, primarily from preclinical studies, provides a strong foundation for future investigations into berberine's efficacy and safety in human HD patients.

Berberine Extends Lifespan in C. elegans Through Multi-Target Synergistic Antioxidant Effects

Aging is a process of gradual functional decline in complex physiological systems and is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases. Berberine, a bioactive alkaloid derived from Coptis chinensis (Huanglian), has emerged as a promising candidate for anti-aging interventions. This study comprehensively investigated the lifespan-extending effects and molecular mechanisms of berberine in C. elegans through integrated approaches including lifespan assays, locomotor activity analysis, oxidative stress challenges, and transcriptomic profiling. Furthermore, genetic models of mutant and transgenic worms were employed to delineate their interactions with the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Our results demonstrate that berberine extended the mean lifespan of wild-type worms by 27%. By activating transcription factors such as DAF-16/FOXO, HSF-1, and SKN-1/NRF2, berberine upregulated antioxidant enzyme expression, reduced lipofuscin accumulation, and improved stress resistance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in lipid metabolism-related genes, particularly in pathways involving fatty acid synthesis, degradation, and sphingolipid metabolism. These findings establish that berberine exerts multi-target anti-aging effects through coordinated activation of stress-responsive pathways and metabolic optimization, providing mechanistic insights for developing natural product-based geroprotective strategies.

Targeting the STAT3 pathway with STAT3 degraders

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been widely considered as a therapeutic target for various diseases, especially tumors. Thus far, several STAT3 inhibitors have been advanced to clinical trials; however, the development of STAT3 inhibitors is hindered by numerous dilemmas. Fortunately, STAT3 degraders represent an alternative and promising strategy to block STAT3, attracting extensive research interest. Here, we analyze the recent advancements of STAT3 degraders, including proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and small-molecule natural products, focusing on their structures, mechanisms, and biological activities. We discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for developing STAT3 degraders. It is hoped that this Review will provide insights into the discovery of potent STAT3-targeting drugs.

Research Progress on the Synergistic Anti-Tumor Effect of Natural Anti-Tumor Components of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Chemotherapy Drugs

The application of chemotherapy drugs in tumor treatment has a long history, but the lack of selectivity of drugs often leads to serious side effects during chemotherapy. The natural anti-tumor ingredients derived from Chinese herbal medicine are attracting increased attention due to their diverse anti-tumor effects, abundant resources, and minimal side effects. An effective anti-tumor strategy may lie in the combination of these naturally derived anti-tumor ingredients with conventional chemotherapy drugs. This approach could potentially inhibit tumor growth and the development of drug resistance in tumor cells while reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the combined therapy strategies integrating natural anti-tumor components from Chinese herbal medicine with chemotherapy drugs in current research. We primarily summarize various compounds in Chinese herbal medicine exhibiting natural anti-tumor activities and the relevant mechanisms in synergistic anti-tumor combination therapy. The focus of this paper is on underlining that this integrative approach, combining natural anti-tumor components of Chinese herbal medicine with chemotherapy drugs, presents a novel cancer treatment methodology, thereby providing new insights for future oncological research.