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Lin J, Zhang Y, Wang K, Xia H, Hua M, Lu K, Zheng W, Chen R. Long-term impact of PM 2.5 exposure on frailty, chronic diseases, and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults: insights from a national population-based longitudinal study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4100-4110. [PMID: 38097844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a significant risk factor for frailty and chronic diseases. Studies on the associations between PM2.5 and frailty, chronic diseases, and multimorbidity are scarce, especially from large cohort studies. We aimed to explore the potential association between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of frailty, chronic diseases, and multimorbidity. We collected data from a national cohort (CHARLS) with a follow-up period of 11-18 years, totaling 13,366 participants. We obtained PM2.5 concentration data from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at Dalhousie University. PM2.5 exposure is based on the average annual concentration in the prefecture-level city where residents live. We define frailty as the comprehensive manifestation of declining various body functions, characterized by a frailty index of 0.25 or greater, and multimorbidity as the presence of at least two or more chronic conditions. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). A 10-μg/m3 increase for PM2.5 was significantly associated with an increased risk of frailty (HR = 1.289, 95%CI = 1.257-1.322, P < 0.001). A 10-μg/m3 increase for PM2.5 was significantly associated with the elevated risk for most chronic diseases. Compared to those with no morbidity or only single morbidity, a 10-μg/m3 increase for PM2.5 was significantly associated with the elevated risk for multimorbidity (HR = 1.220, 95%CI = 1.181-1.260, P < 0.001). Ambient PM2.5 exposure is a significant risk factor for frailty, chronic diseases, and multimorbidity, and some measures need to be taken to reduce PM2.5 concentration and prevent frailty and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Kunyi Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huilin Xia
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Minxia Hua
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Kexin Lu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
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