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Wenger I, Schulze C, Kottorp A. Are the American normative standard scores applicable to the German version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-G)? Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 28:110-120. [PMID: 32116081 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1726452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) is an assessment to evaluate children's performance in activities of daily living. AIMS The study investigated if the normative standard scores of the PEDI are applicable to the German version of the PEDI (PEDI-G) in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and whether there are differences in the applicability of the PEDI-G between the three countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS 75 children with normal development (35 girls, 40 boys) from Germany (n = 17), Austria (n = 16), and Switzerland (n = 42) aged between 0.9 month and 7.3 years (SD = 2.03) participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests were applied. RESULTS No significant differences were identified. However, the German-speaking sample showed higher scores for the domain social function in both scales and in the Caregiver Assistance Scale self-care. Lower scores were identified in the Functional Skills Scale mobility. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The results support that the normative standard scores of the PEDI are applicable to the PEDI-G and for Austria, Germany and Switzerland, as no significant differences between the countries were identified. However, the generalizability of the results is limited due to sample size and recruitment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wenger
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Christina Schulze
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Anders Kottorp
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Ryll UC, Bastiaenen CHG, Iten N, van Hedel HJA. Administration of the German Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-G) Using the Mode of Observation in Children Undergoing Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Reliability and Validity Study. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2020; 40:345-359. [PMID: 31805810 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2019.1695698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To investigate inter-rater reliability, concurrent validity, and feasibility of the German Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-G) using the mode of observation in a Swiss inpatient rehabilitation setting with the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM®) as criterion.Methods: Cross-sectional clinimetric study including 36 children and adolescents with median age 10.8 (quartiles 8.7, 13.0) years with neurological/neuro-orthopedic disorders. Data were collected by healthcare professionals through observation. Analyses were performed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), standard error of measurement (SEMAgreement), Bland-Altman plots, Cohen's Kappa κ, percentage agreement, and correlations.Results: Excellent inter-rater reliability (ICCs2,1 ≥ 0.97), small SEMs and acceptable limits of agreement for the Functional Skills Scale (FSS) and Caregiver Assistance Scale (CAS) were found. No systematic differences between raters existed. Cohen's Kappa for inter-rater agreement of the Modifications Scale (MS) ranged from poor to strong (-0.06 ≤ κ ≤0.85). Excellent concurrent validity for FSS and CAS with the WeeFIM® (ρ ≥ 0.96), and excellent correlations of FSS and CAS with each other (ρ ≥ 0.98) were identified.Conclusion: The German PEDI-G seems to be a reliable and valid, but time-consuming tool when applied in an inpatient setting using observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike C Ryll
- Pediatric Rehab Research Group, Rehabilitation Center Affoltern am Albis, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Caphri Research Institute, Program Functioning and Rehabilitation, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline H G Bastiaenen
- Caphri Research Institute, Program Functioning and Rehabilitation, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,School of Health Professions, Department of Health, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Iten
- Pediatric Rehab Research Group, Rehabilitation Center Affoltern am Albis, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus J A van Hedel
- Pediatric Rehab Research Group, Rehabilitation Center Affoltern am Albis, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Amer A, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Jarl G, Tumwine JK, Forssberg H, Eliasson AC, Hermansson L. The Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG). Part II: Psychometric properties. Child Care Health Dev 2018. [PMID: 29532497 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) has been recommended as a gold standard in paediatric rehabilitation. A Ugandan version of PEDI (PEDI-UG) has been developed by culturally adapting and translating the original PEDI. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the PEDI-UG in Ugandan children by testing the instrument's rating scale functioning, internal structure, and test-retest reliability. METHODS Two hundred forty-nine Ugandan children (125 girls) aged 6 months to 7.5 years (Mean = 3.4, SD = 1.9) with typical development were tested using the PEDI-UG. Forty-nine children were tested twice to assess test-retest reliability. Validity was investigated by Rasch analysis and reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The PEDI-UG domains showed good unidimensionality based on principal component analysis of residuals. Most activities (95%) showed acceptable fit to the Rasch model. Six misfit items were deleted from the Functional Skills scales and one from the Caregiver Assistance scales. The category steps on the Caregiver Assistance scales' rating scale were reversed but functioned well when changed from a 6-point to 4-point rating scale. The reliability was excellent; intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87-0.92 for the domains of the Functional Skills scales and 0.86-0.88 for the domains of the Caregiver Assistance scales. CONCLUSION The PEDI-UG has good to excellent psychometric properties and provides a valid measure of the functional performance of typically developing children from the age of 6 months to 7.5 years in Uganda. Further analysis of all items, including misfit and deleted items, in children with functional disability is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,University Health Care Research Center, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Kakooza-Mwesige
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Jarl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,University Health Care Research Center, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J K Tumwine
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - H Forssberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A-C Eliasson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Hermansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Berg MM, Dolva AS, Kleiven J, Krumlinde-Sundholm L. Normative Scores for the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory in Norway. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2016; 36:131-43. [PMID: 26325620 DOI: 10.3109/01942638.2015.1050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop clinically useful normative scores for the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) for children in Norway, and provide information on the relative difficulty level of individual test items. METHODS Using PEDI protocols from 224 Norwegian children without disability, we computed and scrutinized the normative scores for their representativeness, and compared them with scores from 313 children in the original US PEDI sample. Item functioning was compared using Rasch model-based differential item functioning (DIF) analyses and comparisons of item mastery. RESULTS The normative scores yielded consistent and regular results. The mean scores for each age group in the Norwegian sample were lower than in their US counterparts, and age mean plots ran parallel. However, this difference may be misleading for clinical use, as item comparisons revealed differences in both higher and lower directions between the samples for about a third of all items. Estimates of relative item difficulty for children in Norway were developed. CONCLUSIONS Identifying potential differences when using an instrument in another culture is important to avoid a risk of over- or underestimating a child's capability. In addition, item response patterns are required to make national normative scores clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M Berg
- a Regional Center of Knowledge Translation Rehabilitation , Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Akershus University College , Oslo , Norway
| | | | - Jo Kleiven
- c Lillehammer University College , Lillehammer , Norway
| | - Lena Krumlinde-Sundholm
- d Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska Instituttet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Schulze C, Kottorp A, Meichtry A, Lilja M, Page J. Inter-Rater and Test-Retest Reliability of the German Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-G). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2014; 35:296-310. [PMID: 25374156 DOI: 10.3109/01942638.2014.975311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Activities of daily living (ADL) of children are widely assessed with the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI). This study examined test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the German PEDI (PEDI-G). During the adaptation of the PEDI nine items were added. In total, 117 parents of 53 children without and 64 children with a diagnosed physical disability from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland participated. Reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD) for the Functional Skill Scale with and without added items and the Caregiver Assistance Scale. Cohen`s Kappa was used to calculate the reliability of the Modification Scale. All ICC's for test-retest and inter-rater reliability were above 0.75, indicating good to very good reliability. The SDD varied from 0.83-5.58 across PEDI domains and scales. For the Modification Scale, Cohen's weighted kappa varied from 0.25 to 1.00 indicating sufficient reliability for some but not all items. Our findings indicate that the Functional Skill Scale and the Caregiver Assistance Scale of the PEDI-G are reliable scales that can be used to evaluate ADLs of children with and without physical disability.
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Al-Khudair RI, Al-Eisa E. Applicability of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory among Saudi children. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:658-64. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.806598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Öhrvall AM, Eliasson AC, Löwing K, Ödman P, Krumlinde-Sundholm L. Self-care and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy, related to their manual ability and gross motor function classifications. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52:1048-55. [PMID: 20722662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the acquisition of self-care and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in relation to their manual ability and gross motor function. METHOD Data from the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) self-care and mobility functional skill scales, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were collected from 195 children with CP (73 females, 122 males; mean age 8 y 1 mo; SD 3 y 11 mo; range 3-15 y); 51% had spastic bilateral CP, 36% spastic unilateral CP, 8% dyskinetic CP, and 3% ataxic CP. The percentage of children classified as MACS levels I to V was 28%, 34%, 17%, 7%, and 14% respectively, and classified as GMFCS levels I to V was 46%, 16%, 15%, 11%, and 12% respectively. RESULTS Children classified as MACS and GMFCS levels I or II scored higher than children in MACS and GMFCS levels III to V on both the self-care and mobility domains of the PEDI, with significant differences between all classification levels (p<0.001). The stepwise multiple regression analysis verified that MACS was the strongest predictor of self-care skills (66%) and that GMFCS was the strongest predictor of mobility skills (76%). A strong correlation between age and self-care ability was found among children classified as MACS level I or II and between age and mobility among children classified as GMFCS level I. Many of these children achieved independence, but at a later age than typically developing children. Children at other MACS and GMFCS levels demonstrated minimal progress with age. INTERPRETATION Knowledge of a child's MACS and GMFCS level can be useful when discussing expectations of, and goals for, the development of functional skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Öhrvall
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Galvin J, Lim BCJ, Steer K, Edwards J, Lee KJ. Predictors of functional ability of Australian children with acquired brain injury following inpatient rehabilitation. Brain Inj 2010; 24:1008-16. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2010.489793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Applicability and intrarespondent reliability of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory in a random Danish sample. Pediatr Phys Ther 2010; 22:161-9. [PMID: 20473099 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0b013e3181dbf965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the applicability of US reference data from the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) in a random Danish sample and to assess intrarespondent reliability. METHODS The PEDI was administered as a mailed questionnaire that was completed by the parents. Linear regression models and comparisons of item difficulty were performed in the data analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used in the intrarespondent analysis. RESULTS US and Danish children differed on 3 of the 6 subscales of the PEDI. Danish children had significantly lower scores on the caregiver assistance subscales (self-care and mobility) and significantly higher scores on the functional skills subscale (social function). Item difficulty was found to be comparable (r = 0.82-0.97) on all 6 subscales. Intrarespondent reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.62-0.97). CONCLUSION The PEDI reference values seem partly applicable in a Danish population. In a Danish rehabilitation setting, interpreting PEDI scores with regard to detecting functional delays must be done cautiously.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to review the innovations, applications, and effect of the original Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) published in 1992 and to describe planned revisions. SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS During the past decade, the PEDI has helped to shift thinking from a developmental to a functional focus. Using the PEDI, researchers and clinicians worldwide have highlighted variations in functional skill acquisition in clinical populations, the importance of recognizing cultural differences, and the value of documenting functional progress in relation to interventions. CONCLUSIONS The PEDI has had a rich tradition in helping to document functional development. New methods are proposed for the next generation of the PEDI by using item banks and computer adaptive testing. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE The computer adaptive testing feature and the revised and expanded content of the new PEDI will enable therapists to more efficiently assess children's functioning to a broader age group of children.
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Berg M, Aamodt G, Stanghelle J, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Hussain A. Cross-cultural validation of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) norms in a randomized Norwegian population. Scand J Occup Ther 2009; 15:143-52. [DOI: 10.1080/11038120802022011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Berg M, Jahnsen R, Frøslie KF, Hussain A. Reliability of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2004; 24:61-77. [PMID: 15257969 DOI: 10.1300/j006v24n03_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) is an instrument for evaluating function in children with disabilities aged 6 months to 7.5 years. The PEDI measures both functional performance and capability in three domains: (1) self-care, (2) mobility, and (3) social function. The PEDI has recently been translated into Norwegian. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-rater, inter-respondent and intra-rater reliability of the Norwegian version of the PEDI. Reliability was investigated in a sample of 30 Norwegian children without disabilities between 1.0 and 5.0 years. Interviews with parents were conducted twice by the same occupational therapist, and once by a physiotherapist. Kindergarten teachers were also interviewed by the occupational therapist. Using children without disabilities allows us to set up a standard for functional ability. Deviation from the point may indicate improvement or worsening of the state. The inter-rater and intra-rater part of the study showed excellent agreement of the observations, indicated both by small differences and high Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) (0.95-0.99). The discrepancy between the different interviews was highest between the reports from the parents and the kindergarten teachers (inter-respondent reliability), indicated by ICC from 0.64-0.74. Results of this study indicate that improved reliability is secured when the same interviewer interviews the same respondent, as well as when two trained interviewers interview the same respondent. The consistency of scores should be reviewed when different respondents are interviewed. Professionals administering the PEDI needs to be trained following a required procedure in order to secure consistency in their rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Berg
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Statistics, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
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