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Kumar A, Karkara BB, Panda G. Novel candidates in the clinical development pipeline for TB drug development and their Synthetic Approaches. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:787-827. [PMID: 34397161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb has the ability to become dormant within the host and to develop resistance. Hence, new antitubercular agents are required to overcome problems in the treatment of multidrug resistant-Tb (MDR-Tb) and extensively drug resistant-Tb (XDR-Tb) along with shortening the treatment time. Several efforts are being made to develop very effective new drugs for Tb, within the pharmaceutical industry, the academia, and through public private partnerships. This review will address the anti-tubercular activities, biological target, mode of action, synthetic approaches and thoughtful concept for the development of several new drugs currently in the clinical trial pipeline (up to October 2019) for tuberculosis. The aim of this review may be very useful in scheming new chemical entities (NCEs) for Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Bidhu Bhusan Karkara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University, Guntur, 522213, AP, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
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Montana M, Montero V, Khoumeri O, Vanelle P. Quinoxaline Moiety: A Potential Scaffold against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2021; 26:4742. [PMID: 34443334 PMCID: PMC8398470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The past decades have seen numerous efforts to develop new antitubercular agents. Currently, the available regimens are lengthy, only partially effective, and associated with high rates of adverse events. The challenge is therefore to develop new agents with faster and more efficient action. The versatile quinoxaline ring possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, ensuring considerable attention to it in the field of medicinal chemistry. Objectives. In continuation of our program on the pharmacological activity of quinoxaline derivatives, this review focuses on potential antimycobacterial activity of recent quinoxaline derivatives and discusses their structure-activity relationship for designing new analogs with improved activity. Methods. The review compiles recent studies published between January 2011 and April 2021. Results. The final total of 23 studies were examined. Conclusions. Data from studies of quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives highlight that specific derivatives show encouraging perspectives in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the recent growing interest for these scaffolds. These interesting results warrant further investigation, which may allow identification of novel antitubercular candidates based on this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Montana
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Oncopharma, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Montero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Omar Khoumeri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service Central de la Qualité et de l’Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), 13005 Marseille, France
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Ribeiro JA, Hammer A, Libreros-Zúñiga GA, Chavez-Pacheco SM, Tyrakis P, de Oliveira GS, Kirkman T, El Bakali J, Rocco SA, Sforça ML, Parise-Filho R, Coyne AG, Blundell TL, Abell C, Dias MVB. Using a Fragment-Based Approach to Identify Alternative Chemical Scaffolds Targeting Dihydrofolate Reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2192-2201. [PMID: 32603583 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a key enzyme involved in folate metabolism, is a widely explored target in the treatment of cancer, immune diseases, bacteria, and protozoa infections. Although several antifolates have proved successful in the treatment of infectious diseases, they have been underexplored to combat tuberculosis, despite the essentiality of M. tuberculosis DHFR (MtDHFR). Herein, we describe an integrated fragment-based drug discovery approach to target MtDHFR that has identified hits with scaffolds not yet explored in any previous drug design campaign for this enzyme. The application of a SAR by catalog strategy of an in house library for one of the identified fragments has led to a series of molecules that bind to MtDHFR with low micromolar affinities. Crystal structures of MtDHFR in complex with compounds of this series demonstrated a novel binding mode that considerably differs from other DHFR antifolates, thus opening perspectives for the development of relevant MtDHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A. Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1474, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Alexander Hammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Gerardo A. Libreros-Zúñiga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1474, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology, IBILCE-State University of São Paulo, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, J. Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 760043, Colombia
| | - Sair M. Chavez-Pacheco
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1474, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Petros Tyrakis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Gabriel S. de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1474, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Timothy Kirkman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jamal El Bakali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Silvana A. Rocco
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L. Sforça
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marcio V. B. Dias
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1474, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Biology, IBILCE-State University of São Paulo, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, J. Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing in both sputum and non-sputum samples, could change this situation. Although little has changed in the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, data on increased efficacy with new and repurposed drugs have led WHO to recommend all-oral therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis for the first time ever in 2018. Studies have shown that shorter latent tuberculosis prevention regimens containing rifampicin or rifapentine are as effective as longer, isoniazid-based regimens, and there is a promising vaccine candidate to prevent the progression of infection to the disease. But new tools alone are not sufficient. Advances must be made in providing high-quality, people-centred care for tuberculosis. Renewed political will, coupled with improved access to quality care, could relegate the morbidity, mortality, and stigma long associated with tuberculosis, to the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Helen Cox
- Division of Medical Microbiology and the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Madhukar Pai
- McGill International Tuberculosis Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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