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Zhang J, Wu YL, Xu HX, Zhang YB, Ren PY, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Brusatol alleviates pancreatic carcinogenesis via targeting NLRP3 in transgenic Kras tm4Tyj Trp53 tm1Brn Tg (Pdx1-cre/Esr1*) #Dam mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116977. [PMID: 38901203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PanCa), ranked as the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, exhibits an dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 5 %. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a known major risk factor for PanCa. Brusatol (BRT) possesses a wide range of biological functions, including the inhibition of PanCa proliferation. However, its efficacy in halting the progression from CP to pancreatic carcinogenesis remains unexplored. METHODS We assess the effects of BRT against pancreatic carcinogenesis from CP using an experimentally induced CP model with cerulein, and further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BRT on PanCa by employing Krastm4TyjTrp53tm1BrnTg (Pdx1-cre/Esr1*) #Dam/J (KPC) mouse model. RESULTS Our finding demonstrated that BRT mitigated the severity of cerulein-induced pancreatitis, reduced pancreatic fibrosis and decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which is a biomarker for pancreatic fibrosis. In addition, BRT exerted effects against cerulein-induced pancreatitis via inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, BRT significantly inhibited tumor growth and impeded cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS The observed effect of BRT on impeding pancreatic carcinogenesis through targeting NLRP3 inflammasome suggests its good potential as a potential agent for treatment of PanCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518087, PR China.
| | - Yu-Lin Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Shuguang Hosipital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Yi-Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Pei-Yao Ren
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518087, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518087, PR China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Jang DK, Kim YA, Lee JW, Kim HJ, Lee YS, Chun JW, Lee JC, Woo SM, Hwang JH. The Trends and Outcomes of Initial Palliative Chemotherapy in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer in Korea Based on National Health Insurance Service Data. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3229. [PMID: 38892939 PMCID: PMC11172641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) has improved gradually since the introduction of FOLFIRINOX (FFX) and gemcitabine + albumin-bound paclitaxel (GnP) regimens. However, the trends and outcomes of initial palliative chemotherapy before and after the advent of these regimens and their contribution to survival rates are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate this in patients with PC in Korea using claims data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Methods: Patients diagnosed with PC who underwent initial palliative chemotherapy between 2007 and 2019 were identified from the NHIS database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, chemotherapy regimens, and survival rates were analyzed using follow-up data up to 2020. Results: In total, 14,760 patients (mean age, 63.78 ± 10.18 years; men, 59.19%) were enrolled. As initial palliative chemotherapy, 3823 patients (25.90%) received gemcitabine alone; 2779 (18.83%) received gemcitabine + erlotinib; 1948 (13.20%) received FFX; and 1767 (11.97%) received GnP. The median survival values were 15.00 months for FFX; 11.04 months for GnP; 8.40 months for gemcitabine alone; and 8.51 months for gemcitabine + erlotinib. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for GnP vs. FFX was 1.291 (95% CI, 1.206-1.383) in the multivariate Cox regression analysis of mortality. Radiation therapy (aHR, 0.667; 95% CI, 0.612-0.728) and second-line chemotherapy (aHR, 0.639; 95% CI, 0.597-0.684) were significantly associated with improved survival. Conclusions: Our study found that first-line chemotherapy with FFX was associated with significantly longer survival than the other regimens, although caution is needed in interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Ae Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.K.); (J.W.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Jang Won Lee
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.K.); (J.W.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hak-June Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.K.); (J.W.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Yoon Suk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Won Chun
- Research Institute, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Research Institute, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
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Cheng K, Zhou Z, Chen Q, Chen Z, Cai Y, Cai H, Wu S, Gao P, Cai Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Wu Z, Peng B. CDK4/6 inhibition sensitizes MEK inhibition by inhibiting cell cycle and proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8389. [PMID: 38600093 PMCID: PMC11006845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not sensitive to most chemotherapy drugs, leading to poor chemotherapy efficacy. Recently, Trametinib and Palbociclib have promising prospects in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This article aims to explore the effects of Trametinib on pancreatic cancer and address the underlying mechanism of resistance as well as its reversal strategies. The GDSC (Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer) and CTD2 (Cancer Target Discovery and Development) were utilized to screen the potential drug candidate in PDAC cell lines. The dose-increase method combined with the high-dose shock method was applied to induce the Trametinib-resistant PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. The CCK8 proliferation assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and western blot were conducted to verify the inhibitory effect of Trametinib and Palbociclib. RNA-seq was performed in resistant PDAC cell lines to find the differential expression genes related to drug resistance and predict pathways leading to the reversal of Trametinib resistance. The GDSC and CTD2 database screening revealed that Trametinib demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on PDAC. We found that Trametinib has a lower IC50 than Gemcitabine in PDAC cell lines. Both Trametinib and Gemcitabine can decrease the proliferation capacity of pancreatic cells, induce cell cycle arrest, and increase apoptosis. Simultaneously, the phosphorylation of the AKT and ERK pathways were inhibited by the treatment of Trametinib. In addition, the RNA-seq of Trametinib-induced resistance PDAC cell lines reveals that the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-RB-E2F regulatory axis and G2/M DNA damage checkpoint might lead the drug resistance. Besides, the combination of Trametinib with Palbociclib could inhibit the proliferation and cell cycle of both resistant cells lines and also restore the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to Trametinib. Last but not least, the interferon-α and interferon-γ expression were upregulated in resistance cell lines, which might lead to the reversal of drug resistance. The study shows Trametinib has a critical inhibitory effect on PDAC. Besides, the combination of Trametinib with Palbociclib can inhibit the proliferation of PDAC-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiangxing Chen
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Cai
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangdi Wu
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqiang Cai
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bing Peng
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Akahira R, Fukuda K, Shimazu K, Yoshida T, Taguchi D, Shinozaki H, Nanjyo H, Shibata H. Clinical response of pancreatic cancer bearing a germline BRCA2 p.I3169M fs*48 variant for platinum-based drug and PARP inhibitor. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:201-205. [PMID: 37956396 PMCID: PMC10849180 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with a high mortality rate, accounting for 37 000 people annually in Japan. It is rarely diagnosed in a resectable state, and effective medicines for its advanced stage are scarce. Some pancreatic cancer is hereditary, and ~10% have germline mutations of Breast cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/2). BRCA1/2 are key molecules involved in homologous recombination to repair DNA double-strand break. Platinum-based drugs and poly Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADP) ribose polymerase inhibitors that induce synthetic lethality would be theoretically effective in patients with loss-of-function mutations in BRCA1/2. Strictly speaking, some discrepancy between the pathogenicity of BRCA1/2 and their drug sensitivity might be expected. Hence, we report that platinum-based anticancer agents and poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors were effective against pancreatic cancer bearing BRCA2 p.I3169M fs*48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Akahira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimazu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Taichi Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Daiki Taguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hanae Shinozaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjyo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduaste School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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Merza N, Farooqui SK, Dar SH, Varughese T, Awan RU, Qureshi L, Ansari SA, Qureshi H, Mcilvaine J, Vohra I, Nawras Y, Kobeissy A, Hassan M. Folfirinox vs. Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel as the First-Line Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Oncol 2023; 14:325-339. [PMID: 37869244 PMCID: PMC10588495 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of Folfirinox (FFX) or gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel (GnP) to be used as the first-line drugs for pancreatic cancer (PC) is yet to be established. We conducted an analysis of retrospective studies to assess the efficacy and safety of these two regimens by comparing their survival and safety outcomes in patients with PC. Methods We conducted an extensive review of two electronic databases from inception till February 2023 to include all the relevant studies that compared FFX with GnP published and unpublished work. Retrospective studies were only included. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were pooled using hazard ratios (HRs), while objective response rate (ORR) and safety outcomes were pooled using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random effects model. Results A total of 7,030 patients were identified in a total of 21 articles that were shortlisted. Pooled results concluded that neither FFX nor GnP was associated to increase the OS time (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83 - 1.04; P = 0.0001); however, FFX was more likely associated with increased PFS when compared to GnP (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81 - 0.97; P < 0.0001). ORR proved to be non-significant between the two regimens (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.64 - 1.27; P = 0.15). Safety outcomes included neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and diarrhea. GnP was more associated with diarrhea (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.15; P = 0.001), while FFX was seen to cause anemia (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51 - 0.98; P = 0.10) in PC patients. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were in-significant in the two drug regimens (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.92 - 1.31; P = 0.33 and OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.60 - 1.13; P = 0.23, respectively). Conclusion FFX and GnP showed a significant difference in increasing the PFS, while no difference was observed while measuring OS. Safety outcomes showed that FFX and GnP shared similar safety profiles as FFX was associated with hematological outcomes, while GnP was more associated with non-hematological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooraldin Merza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Sophia Haroon Dar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center-Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tony Varughese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Rehmat Ullah Awan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Rush Hospital, Meridian, MS, USA
| | - Lamaan Qureshi
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovations, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Saad Ali Ansari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Hadi Qureshi
- School of Liberal Arts, Arizona State University, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Jamie Mcilvaine
- Department of OBGYN-Rutgers Jersey City, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Ishaan Vohra
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Yusuf Nawras
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Abdallah Kobeissy
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mona Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Park SJ, Yoo HC, Ahn E, Luo E, Kim Y, Sung Y, Yu YC, Kim K, Min DS, Lee HS, Hwang GS, Ahn T, Choi J, Bang S, Han JM. Enhanced Glutaminolysis Drives Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:735-752. [PMID: 36594876 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits severe hypoxia, which is associated with chemoresistance and worse patient outcome. It has been reported that hypoxia induces metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. However, it is not well known whether metabolic reprogramming contributes to hypoxia. Here, we established that increased glutamine catabolism is a fundamental mechanism inducing hypoxia, and thus chemoresistance, in PDAC cells. An extracellular matrix component-based in vitro three-dimensional cell printing model with patient-derived PDAC cells that recapitulate the hypoxic status in PDAC tumors showed that chemoresistant PDAC cells exhibit markedly enhanced glutamine catabolism compared with chemoresponsive PDAC cells. The augmented glutamine metabolic flux increased the oxygen consumption rate via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), promoting hypoxia and hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Targeting glutaminolysis relieved hypoxia and improved chemotherapy efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This work suggests that targeting the glutaminolysis-OXPHOS-hypoxia axis is a novel therapeutic target for treating patients with chemoresistant PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE Increased glutaminolysis induces hypoxia via oxidative phosphorylation-mediated oxygen consumption and drives chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer, revealing a potential therapeutic strategy of combining glutaminolysis inhibition and chemotherapy to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Chan Yoo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eunyong Ahn
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Enzhi Luo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeabeen Kim
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Yulseung Sung
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kibum Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Seung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - TaeJin Ahn
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Bang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Clinical diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer: Markers, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6827-6845. [PMID: 36632312 PMCID: PMC9827589 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third-leading cause of cancer deaths. The overall 5-year survival rate of PC is 9%, and this rate for metastatic PC is below 3%. However, the PC-induced death cases will increase about 2-fold by 2060. Many factors such as genetic and environmental factors and metabolic diseases can drive PC development and progression. The most common type of PC in the clinic is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, comprising approximately 90% of PC cases. Multiple pathogenic processes including but not limited to inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and proliferation of cancer stem cells are involved in the initiation and progression of PC. Early diagnosis is essential for curable therapy, for which a combined panel of serum markers is very helpful. Although some mono or combined therapies have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for PC treatment, current therapies have not shown promising outcomes. Fortunately, the development of novel immunotherapies, such as oncolytic viruses-mediated treatments and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, combined with therapies such as neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery, and advanced delivery systems of immunotherapy will improve therapeutic outcomes and combat drug resistance in PC patients. Herein, the pathogenesis, molecular signaling pathways, diagnostic markers, prognosis, and potential treatments in completed, ongoing, and recruiting clinical trials for PC were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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The Association between TRP Channels Expression and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169045. [PMID: 36012311 PMCID: PMC9408824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has low survival rates worldwide due to its tendency to be detected late and its characteristic desmoplastic reaction, which slows the use of targeted therapies. As such, the discovery of new connections between genes and the clinicopathological parameters contribute to the search for new biomarkers or targets for therapy. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are promising tools for cancer therapy or markers for PDAC. Therefore, in this study, we selected several genes encoding TRP proteins previously reported in cellular models, namely, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 6 (TRPV6), Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), as well as the TRPM8 Channel Associated Factor 1 (TCAF1) and TRPM8 Channel Associated Factor 2 (TCAF2) proteins, as regulatory factors. We analyzed the expression levels of tumors from patients enrolled in public datasets and confirmed the results with a validation cohort of PDAC patients enrolled in the Clinical Institute Fundeni, Romania. We found significantly higher expression levels of TRPA1, TRPM8, and TCAF1/F2 in tumoral tissues compared to normal tissues, but lower expression levels of TRPV6, suggesting that TRP channels have either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic roles. The expression levels were correlated with the tumoral stages and are related to the genes involved in calcium homeostasis (Calbindin 1 or S100A4) or to proteins participating in metastasis (PTPN1). We conclude that the selected TRP proteins provide new insights in the search for targets and biomarkers needed for therapeutic strategies for PDAC treatment.
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