1
|
Yaşar Yıldız S, Radchenkova N. Exploring Extremophiles from Bulgaria: Biodiversity, Biopolymer Synthesis, Functional Properties, Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 38201734 PMCID: PMC10780585 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulgaria stands out as a country rich in diverse extreme environments, boasting a remarkable abundance of mineral hot waters, which positions it as the second-largest source of such natural resources in Europe. Notably, several thermal and coastal solar salterns within its territory serve as thriving habitats for thermophilic and halophilic microorganisms, which offer promising bioactive compounds, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Multiple thermophilic EPS producers were isolated, along with a selection from several saltern environments, revealing an impressive taxonomic and bacterial diversity. Four isolates from three different thermophilic species, Geobacillus tepidamans V264, Aeribacillus pallidus 418, Brevibacillus thermoruber 423, and Brevibacillus thermoruber 438, along with the halophilic strain Chromohalobacter canadensis 28, emerged as promising candidates for further exploration. Optimization of cultivation media and conditions was conducted for each EPS producer. Additionally, investigations into the influence of aeration and stirring in laboratory bioreactors provided valuable insights into growth dynamics and polymer synthesis. The synthesized biopolymers showed excellent emulsifying properties, emulsion stability, and synergistic interaction with other hydrocolloids. Demonstrated biological activities and functional properties pave the way for potential future applications in diverse fields, with particular emphasis on cosmetics and medicine. The remarkable versatility and efficacy of biopolymers offer opportunities for innovation and development in different industrial sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yıldız
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nadja Radchenkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nandhagopal M, Chandrasekaran R, Narayanasamy M. Antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites and DNA gyrase B blocking molecules produced by a halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus salarius (MML1918). J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad286. [PMID: 38031334 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aims to determine the antimicrobial potential of Virgibacillus salairus (MML1918) against human pathogens and its in-vitro and in-silico properties. METHODS AND RESULTS In this present study, totally 63 halophilic bacterial cultures were obtained and cultivated in nutrient broth medium containing 8% NaCl and the metabolites, were extracted using ethyl acetate and screened for their antimicrobial property by cell viability assay against 12 pathogenic bacteria and fungi, among 63 halophilic bacteria the Vir. salaries (MML1918) found to be the best producer for secondary metabolites production against clinical pathogens. The optimization of growth for important physiochemical parameters was characterized and applied for different production media and based on its highest activity as 17.5 ± .07 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) for Bacillus cereus followed by 17.5 ± 00 mm ZOI for Staphylococcus aureus, the production medium ATCC1097 was chosen for mass production. The mass production of secondary metabolites from Vir. salaries MML1918 was carried out in a fermenter under controlled conditions and crude metabolites was extracted and condensed. The antimicrobial activity of crude metabolites showed B. cereus (19.3 ± 0.5 mm ZOI), Staph. aureus, and Candida albicans (18.3 ± 0.5 mm ZOI) as the highest ZOI in production media for halophilic bacteria ATCC1097. Further, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed 24 compounds present in crude metabolites. Among the 24 compounds, four molecules were found to be important based on molecule percentage in crude and structural similarity. The molecular docking studies show that the selected four molecules effectively bind with the active region DNA gyrase B. CONCLUSION Virgibacillus salarius (MML1918) effectively showed antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic organisms and can be employed as a suitable candidate for producing novel antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Nandhagopal
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | | | - Mathivanan Narayanasamy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boltyanskaya YV, Kevbrin VV, Grouzdev DS, Detkova EN, Koziaeva VV, Novikov AA, Zhilina TN. Halonatronomonas betaini gen. nov., sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic isolate from soda lake capable of betaine degradation and proposal of Halarsenatibacteraceae fam. nov. and Halothermotrichaceae fam. nov. within the order Halanaerobiales. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126407. [PMID: 36906934 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
A search for the organisms responsible for anaerobic betaine degradation in soda lakes resulted in isolation of a novel bacterial strain, designated Z-7014T. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming rods. Growth occurred at 8-52 °C (optimum 40-45 °C), pH 7.1-10.1 (optimum pH 8.1-8.8) and 1.0-3.5 M Na+ (optimum 1.8 M), i.e. it can be regarded as a haloalkaliphile. The strain utilized a limited range of substrates, mostly peptonaceous but not amino acids, and was able to degrade betaine. Growth on betaine occurred only in the presence of peptonaceous substances which could not be replaced by vitamins. The G + C content of the genomic DNA of strain Z-7014T was 36.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (>5% of the total) were C16:0 DMA, C18: 0 DMA, C16:1ω8, C16:0, C18:1 DMA, C16:1 DMA, C18:1ω9, and C18:0. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain Z-7014T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage in the order Halanaerobiales with the highest similarity to Halarsenitibacter silvermanii SLAS-1T (83.6%), Halothermothrix orenii H168T (85.6%), and Halocella cellulosilytica DSM 7362T (85.6%). AAI and POCP values between strain Z-7014T and type strains of the order Halanaerobiales were 51.7-57.8%, and 33.8-58.3%, respectively. Based on polyphasic results including phylogenomic data, the novel strain could be distinguished from other genera, which suggests that strain Z-7014T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Halonatronomonas betaini gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z-7014T (=KCTC 25237T = VKM B-3506T). On the basis of phylogenomic data, it is also proposed to evolve two novel families Halarsenitibacteraceae fam. nov. and Halothermotrichaceae fam. nov. within the current order Halanaerobiales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Boltyanskaya
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kevbrin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | | | - Ekaterina N Detkova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Veronika V Koziaeva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | | | - Tatjana N Zhilina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu D, Ge C, Sun H, Wang J, He L. Bioremediation of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide and resource utilization of natural rubber wastewater by WR-2 Bacillus-dominated microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63182-63192. [PMID: 35449336 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD), an emerging pollutant with ecotoxicity and accumulation in rubber wastewater, is directly discharged by factories into the surrounding soil to save costs, and this disrupts the nearby ecosystem. In this study, an efficient bioremediation microbial community (WR-2) dominated by Bacillus was acclimatized and isolated from soil contaminated by rubber wastewater. After passing through the metabolic process of WR-2, the ecotoxic TMTD decomposes within 14 days. In the pot experiment, WR-2 not only completed the bioremediation of contaminated soil but also significantly improved the crop growth conditions and the product quality. These results show that WR-2 has broad application prospects in the bioremediation of soil contaminated by rubber wastewater. It also provides a theoretical framework for the resource utilization of the effluent at the end of the initial rubber processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Zhu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongfei Sun
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Liujing He
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gorrasi S, Franzetti A, Ambrosini R, Pittino F, Pasqualetti M, Fenice M. Spatio-Temporal Variation of the Bacterial Communities along a Salinity Gradient within a Thalassohaline Environment (Saline di Tarquinia Salterns, Italy). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051338. [PMID: 33801538 PMCID: PMC7958962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The “Saline di Tarquinia” salterns have been scarcely investigated regarding their microbiological aspects. This work studied the structure and composition of their bacterial communities along the salinity gradient (from the nearby sea through different ponds). The communities showed increasing simplification of pond bacterial diversity along the gradient (particularly if compared to those of the sea). Among the 38 assigned phyla, the most represented were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Differently to other marine salterns, where at the highest salinities Bacteroidetes dominated, preponderance of Proteobacteria was observed. At the genus level the most abundant taxa were Pontimonas, Marivita, Spiribacter, Bordetella, GpVII and Lentibacter. The α-diversity analysis showed that the communities were highly uneven, and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that they were structured by various factors (sampling site, sampling year, salinity, and sampling month). Moreover, the taxa abundance variation in relation to these significant parameters were investigated by Generalized Linear Models. This work represents the first investigation of a marine saltern, carried out by a metabarcoding approach, which permitted a broad vision of the bacterial diversity, covering both a wide temporal span (two years with monthly sampling) and the entire salinity gradient (from the nearby sea up to the crystallisation ponds).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Gorrasi
- Dipartimento di Ecologia e Biologia, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Marcella Pasqualetti
- Dipartimento di Ecologia e Biologia, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.)
- Laboratoro di Ecologia dei Funghi Marini CONISMA, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Dipartimento di Ecologia e Biologia, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.)
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Marina Applicata, CONISMA, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0761-357318
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Almeida E, Dias TV, Ferraz G, Carvalho MF, Lage OM. Culturable bacteria from two Portuguese salterns: diversity and bioactive potential. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:459-475. [PMID: 31720916 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salterns are extreme environments, where the high salt concentration is the main limitation to microbial growth, along with solar radiation, temperature and pH. These selective pressures might lead to the acquisition of unique genetic adaptations that can manifest in the production of interesting natural products. The present study aimed at obtaining the culturable microbial diversity from two Portuguese salterns located in different geographic regions. A total of 190 isolates were retrieved and identified as belonging to 30 genera distributed among 4 phyla-Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Specifically, members of the genus Bacillus were the most frequently isolated from both salterns and all actinobacterial isolates belong to the rare members of this group. The molecular screening of NRPS and PKS-I genes allowed the detection of 38 isolates presenting PKS-I, 25 isolates presenting NRPS and 23 isolates presenting both types of biosynthetic genes. Sequencing of randomly selected amplicons revealed similarity with known PKS-I and NRPS genes or non-annotated hypothetical proteins. This study is the first contribution on the culturable bacterial diversity of Portuguese salterns and on their bioactive potential. Ultimately, these findings provide a novel contribution to improve the understanding on the microbial diversity of salterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Almeida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Vale Dias
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Ferraz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga M Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McGonigle JM, Bernau JA, Bowen BB, Brazelton WJ. Robust Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Inhabit Shallow Subsurface Sediments of the Bonneville Salt Flats. mSphere 2019; 4:e00378-19. [PMID: 31462415 PMCID: PMC6714890 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00378-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first census of natural microbial communities of the Bonneville Salt Flats (BSF), a perennial salt pan at the Utah-Nevada border. Environmental DNA sequencing of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes was conducted on samples from multiple evaporite sediment layers collected from the upper 30 cm of the surface salt crust. Our results show that at the time of sampling (September 2016), BSF hosted a robust microbial community dominated by diverse halobacteria and Salinibacter species. Sequences identical to Geitlerinema sp. strain PCC 9228, an anoxygenic cyanobacterium that uses sulfide as the electron donor for photosynthesis, are also abundant in many samples. We identified taxonomic groups enriched in each layer of the salt crust sediment and revealed that the upper gypsum sediment layer found immediately under the uppermost surface halite contains a robust microbial community. In these sediments, we found an increased presence of Thermoplasmatales, Hadesarchaeota, Nanoarchaeaeota, Acetothermia, Desulfovermiculus, Halanaerobiales, Bacteroidetes, and Rhodovibrio This study provides insight into the diversity, spatial heterogeneity, and geologic context of a surprisingly complex microbial ecosystem within this macroscopically sterile landscape.IMPORTANCE Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, which covered a third of Utah, desiccated approximately 13,000 years ago, leaving behind the Bonneville Salt Flats (BSF) in the Utah West Desert. The potash salts that saturate BSF basin are extracted and sold as an additive for agricultural fertilizers. The salt crust is a well-known recreational and economic commodity, but the biological interactions with the salt crust have not been studied. This study is the first geospatial analysis of microbially diverse populations at this site using cultivation-independent environmental DNA sequencing methods. Identification of the microbes present within this unique, dynamic, and valued sedimentary evaporite environment is an important step toward understanding the potential consequences of perturbations to the microbial ecology on the surrounding landscape and ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M McGonigle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Bernau
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brenda B Bowen
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William J Brazelton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boyadzhieva I, Tomova I, Radchenkova N, Kambourova M, Poli A, Vasileva-Tonkova E. Diversity of Heterotrophic Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Coastal Solar Salterns, Bulgaria and Their Ability to Synthesize Bioactive Molecules with Biotechnological Impact. Microbiology (Reading) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261718040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|