LHCG receptor polymorphisms in PCOS patients

A Case-Control Study of the Luteinizing Hormone Level in Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene (rs2293275) Polymorphism in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Females

BACKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic anovulation, infertility, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenic signs.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the association of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin hormone receptor LHCGR polymorphism (rs2293275) with oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, infertility, LH, LH/FSH ratio, and body mass index (BMI) among PCOS females.

METHODS

This genetic case-control study recruited 55 PCOS and 55 control females, diagnosed based on the Rotterdam criteria. LH and FSH were measured by the Roche cobas c 502 automated analyzer. Genotypic analysis was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and restriction endonuclease digestion.

RESULTS

BMI was higher for PCOS patients (28.5 ± 6.59) compared to controls (25.1 ± 5.77), and ovulatory dysfunction was seen among 90% of PCOS females. Oligomenorrhea was common in PCOS (73%), and hirsutism and acne were detected in PCOS (80% and 40%; respectively). LH ≥10 were recoded among 51%, while LH/FSH ≥1.5 was recorded among 33% PCOS females. There is a statistical difference between rs2293275 polymorphism in the AG genotype between PCOS patients and controls. PCOS patients have a significantly higher mean LH level compared to controls (8.36 ± 4.86 and 5.67 ± 2.51, respectively) and showed higher LH/FSH value (1.46 ± 0.81) compared to (0.87 ± 0.30) controls. GG and AG genotypes of LHCGR showed statistically significant higher LH (8.22 ± 4.11; 9.02 ± 3.87) and LH/FSH values (1.57 ± 0.56; 1.64 ± 0.89) compared to controls.

CONCLUSION

LHCGR (rs2293275) GA and GG genetic variants could modulate the hormonal levels of PCOS LH levels and the LH/FSH ratio and associated with hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, BMI, and LH/FSH ratio as risk factors.

Mutational Landscape Screening Through Comprehensive In Silico Analysis for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Related Genes

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrinopathy of indistinguishable etiopathogenesis that is liable to entail genetic and environmental machinery synergistically interacting with its phenotypic expression. It has been hypothesized that the environment secondarily interacts with genes to define the quantifiable phenotype in a primary, genetically determined, hyper-androgenic ovarian defect. The severity and prevalence of the disease are escalating due to uncontrolled diet and lifestyle, the influence of multiple environmental factors as well as genetic disorders. Many candidate genes have been identified to be one of the causes of PCOS. Different studies have been carried out to find the genetic correlation of PCOS. The mutational landscape analysis scans the entire genes for SNPs which usually occurs more frequently in patients and not in healthy individuals. In this study, an extensive computational analysis of all reported nsSNPs of the 27 selected PCOS-related genes was performed to infer the most pathogenic forms associated with PCOS. As a result, 28 genetic variants from 11 genes were predicted to be most harmful. Results of the present study can be useful for building an integrative genotype-phenotype database for further studies.

A Comprehensive Overview of Common Polymorphic Variants in Genes Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by an increase in the biosynthesis of androgens, anovulation, and infertility. PCOS has been reported as a polygenic entity in which multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the clinical features of the pathology. Herein, we describe the common polymorphic variants in genes related to PCOS, their role in its pathogenesis, and etiology. Whole-genome association studies have been focused on women from Asian and European populations. The most common genes associated with PCOS are DENND1A, THADA, FSHR, and LHCGR. However, other genes have been associated with PCOS such as AMH, AMHR2, ADIPOQ, FTO, HNF1A, CYP19, YAP1, HMGA2, RAB5B, SUOX, INSR, and TOX3. Nevertheless, the relationship between the biological functions of these genes and the development of the pathology is unclear. Studies in each gene in different populations do not always comply with a general pattern, so researching these variants is essential for better understanding of this polygenic syndrome. Future population studies should be carried out to evaluate biological processes, incidence rates, allelic and genotypic frequencies, and genetic susceptibility factors that predispose PCOS.