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Najafi M, Nasr-Esfahani M, Vatandoost J, Hassanzade-Khankahdani H, Jami Moeini M. Transcriptome-based analysis of candidate gene markers associated with resistance mechanism to Phytophthora melonis that causes root and crown rot in pumpkin. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23038. [PMID: 38207292 DOI: 10.1071/fp23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Root and crown rot incited by an oomycete, Phytophthora melonis , causes significant yield losses in commercial pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo ) production worldwide. Currently, resistant cultivars and knowledge of molecular mechanism of C. pepo against P. melonis are scarce. Here, we analysed the quantitative gene expression changes of 10 candidate gene markers (bHLH87, ERF014, HSF, MYB, PR-1, WRKY21, CPI, POD, PSK, SGT ) in pumpkin roots and leaves at three time points (h post-inoculation, hpi) following inoculation with P. melonis in two resistant (Ghelyani and Tanbal), and two susceptible (Marmari and Khoreshti) varieties of pumpkin. Gene expression using quantitative real time PCR along a time course revealed the strongest transcriptomic response at 48 and 72hpi in resistant genotypes, 1.1-2.7-fold in roots and leaves, respectively, with a high significant correlation (r =0.857**-0.974**). We also found that CPI , PSK, SGT1 and POD act as a dual regulator that similarly modulate immunity not only against P. melonis , but also against other diseases such as early blight (Alternaria cucumerina) , powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii ), downy mildews (Pseudoperonospora cubensis ), and pathogenic plant nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica ). Furthermore, significantly higher activities of the ROS scavenging defence enzymes, catalase (1.6-fold increase) and peroxidase (6-fold increase) were observed in the roots of resistant cultivars at different hpi compared with non-inoculated controls. In addition, the biomass growth parameters including leaf and root length, stem and root diameter, root fresh weight and volume were significantly different among studied genotypes. Cumulatively, the transcriptome data provide novel insights into the response of pumpkins for improving pumpkin breeding to P. melonis .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhadi Najafi
- Department of Agricultural-Biotechnology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan 81786-96446, Iran
| | - Jafar Vatandoost
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hamed Hassanzade-Khankahdani
- Department of Horticulture Crops Research, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Matin Jami Moeini
- Department of Agricultural-Biotechnology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
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Al-Shuaibi BK, Kazerooni EA, Hussain S, Velazhahan R, Al-Sadi AM. Plant-Disease-Suppressive and Growth-Promoting Activities of Endophytic and Rhizobacterial Isolates Associated with Citrullus colocynthis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1275. [PMID: 38003740 PMCID: PMC10674396 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic potential of endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates obtained from Citrullus colocynthis in suppressing Fusarium solani and Pythium aphanidermatum and promoting the growth of cucumber. Molecular identification of bacterial strains associated with C. colocynthis confirmed that these strains belong to the Achromobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Sphingobacterium, Bacillus, Sinorhizobium, Staphylococcus, Cupriavidus, and Exiguobacterium genera. A dual culture assay showed that nine of the bacterial strains exhibited antifungal activity, four of which were effective against both pathogens. Strains B27 (Pantoea dispersa) and B28 (Exiguobacterium indicum) caused the highest percentage of inhibition towards F. solani (48.5% and 48.1%, respectively). P. aphanidermatum growth was impeded by the B21 (Bacillus cereus, 44.7%) and B28 (Exiguobacterium indicum, 51.1%) strains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the strains caused abnormality in phytopathogens' mycelia. All of the selected bacterial strains showed good IAA production (>500 ppm). A paper towel experiment demonstrated that these strains improved the seed germination, root/shoot growth, and vigor index of cucumber seedlings. Our findings suggest that the bacterial strains from C. colocynthis are suppressive to F. solani and P. aphanidermatum and can promote cucumber growth. This appears to be the first study to report the efficacy of these bacterial strains from C. colocynthis against F. solani and P. aphanidermatum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Oman; (B.K.A.-S.); (E.A.K.); (S.H.)
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3
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Sadeghpour N, Asadi-Gharneh HA, Nasr-Esfahani M, Khankahdani HH, Golabadi M. Assessing genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian melons ( Cucumis melo) collection using primer pair markers in association with resistance to Fusarium wilt. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:347-362. [PMID: 36944375 DOI: 10.1071/fp22131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian melons (Cucumis melo L.) using combinations of 35 primer pairs: 15 Simple-Sequence-Repeats (SSR); 10 Inter-Simple-Sequence-Repeats (ISSR); and 10 Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in association with resistance to melon Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM ). Genetic similarity was determined by simple matching coefficient (SSM) and dendrogram by clustering-analysis with unweighted pair groups using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). By combining ISSR-SSR-SRAP markers, a high degree of variation among the melons was detected. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC), marker index (MI), effective-number of alleles (I), expected heterozygosity (H), and Nei's gene diversity parameters were 0.392, 0.979, 1.350, 0.551 and 0.225, respectively. According to MI, PIC, I, H, and Nei indices evaluation, ISSR6, ISSR9, SRAP3, SRAP5, SSR3 and SSR6 had the best performance in genetic diversity of the related melons population. The 35 primers yielded a total of 264 bands, of which 142 showed polymorphism. Clustering of genotypes based on resistance to Fusarium wilt, and comparison with grouping on SSR, SRAP and ISSR marker revealed a significant compliance between disease severity and molecular marker dendrograms. Thus, increasing the number of molecular markers for genetic diversity provides a powerful tool for future agricultural and conservation tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Sadeghpour
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, Esfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, Esfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Esfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani
- Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Golabadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Qalavand F, Nasr-Esfahani M, Vatandoost J, Azarm DA. Transcriptome-based analysis of resistance mechanisms to Bipolaris sorokiniana, a common wheat root-rot disease. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:119-130. [PMID: 36177724 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In common root and crown rot (CRR), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sace.) is one of the important in wheat, causing considerable yield losses globally. Sources of resistance can provide a feasible and effective method of control for plant disease management. However, knowledge on mechanisms of resistance is scarce. We screened 33 wheat genotypes against B. sorokiniana under greenhouse and field conditions. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis using ten novel candidate gene markers, Cre3, EDS1, LTP5, PGIP, PR-1, PIEP1, TLP, UGT, Stb6 and PFT, was conducted on leaves and roots, along with changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase, catalase, β-1,3-glucanase, and phenolic content for their involvement in disease impact mechanisms. Lowest disease severity was in 'Alvand', followed by 'Baharan' and 'Bam' as resistant genotypes. Quantitative gene expression showed that, although the candidate defence genes were upregulated 1.24- to 3.5-fold in wheat roots and leaves inoculated with B. sorokiniana, they were highly regulated in resistant varieties 'Alvand', 'Mehregan' and 'Bam'. Cre3, a resistance gene to cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, was regulated in cultivars resistant to B. sorokiniana. Similar results were obtained for Stb6, a gene resistant to Septoria tritici blotch, EDS1 resistant to powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis, and the genes PR-1 and UGT resistant to leaf rust, Puccinia triticina. Antioxidant enzyme activity also showed the highest increases in resistant genotypes. In conclusion, the T. aestivum-B. sorokiniana interaction in resistant wheat cultivars uses defence-related genes and enzymes that protect wheat towards sustainable development. Further such studies will shed light on simultaneous resistance to other diseases in wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Qalavand
- Department of Agricultural-Biotechnology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - M Nasr-Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Vatandoost
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - D A Azarm
- Horticulture Crop Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
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Nazari K, Ebadi MJ, Berahmand K. Diagnosis of Alternaria disease and leafminer pest on tomato leaves using image processing techniques. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6907-6920. [PMID: 35657067 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases such as Alternaria and pests such as leafminer threaten tomato as one of the most widely used agricultural products. These pests and diseases first damage the leaves of tomatoes, then the flowers, and finally the fruit. Therefore, the damage to the tomato tree must be controlled in its early stages. It is difficult for farmers to distinguish Alternaria disease from leafminer pest at the early and middle stages of their outbreak on tomato leaves. In the present study, 272 tomato leaf images were prepared from the farm of the Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, including 100 healthy leaves and 172 infected leaves with both Alternaria and leafminer at the initial stages. The image processing technique, texture, neural networks and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classifiers were used to diagnose Alternaria disease and leafminer pest on this dataset. RESULTS The results showed that the ANFIS classifier achieved an accuracy of 84.71% when performing an equal error rate, 87.78% in the area under the curve, and 85.23% in 3.26 s on the central processing unit for the segmentation of Alternaria disease and leafminer pest in RGB color space. Also, the accuracy of 90% and 98% were obtained for segmentation and classification on the PlantVillage dataset in YCBCR color space. CONCLUSION The present study suggests a high classification accuracy for an intelligent selection of pixel values to train the ANFIS classifier. This classifier has high accuracy and speed, low sensitivity to the light intensity of images, and practical application in diagnosing various diseases and pests on numerous datasets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Nazari
- Department of Computer Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Kamal Berahmand
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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Lu S, Bao J, Wang Z, Li Z, Feng W, Yang C, Chen Q. Improved Whole Genome Sequence Resource of Phytophthora melonis CJ26, Using Long-Read Nanopore Sequencing. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:959-962. [PMID: 36168211 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-22-0096-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdan Lu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- The Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhiting Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wanzhen Feng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Qalavand F, Esfahani MN, Vatandoost J, Azarm DA. Enzyme activity and population genetic structure analysis in wheat associated with resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana-common root rot diseases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113208. [PMID: 35447108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Common root rot disease (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) (Pleosporaceae), is an important fungal disease of wheat, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae), causing considerable yield losses globally. Incorporating genetic resistance in cultivated crops is considered the most efficient and sustainable solution to counter root rot diseases. Moreover, resistance to CCR is quantitative in nature, and thus the mechanism is poorly understood. To this aim, we analyzed the activities of defense-related enzymes; peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI), as well as total phenol content (TPC) to CRR on the three known resistant wheat 'Alvand' and 'Bam', 'Mehregan' at different time points (wpi) following CRR pathogen, B. sorokiniana inoculation. Of which, were selected out of 33 wheat cultivars previously screened for resistance to CRR. We also analyzed the genetic variability of the entire germplasm, 33 wheat cultivars using seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased in the related resistant genotypes. Of which, 'Bam' had the highest increase in PPO, and GLU activities, followed by 'Alvand' in SOD, PAL, and CHI significantly. Whereas, 'Mehregan' showed the highest level of TPC, POX, and CAT activities. In addition, five out of seven used SSR primers produced a total of 20 polymorphic bands, of which the number of alleles in each gene locus varied within 3-7 bands. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value also ranged from 0.44 to 0.81, with the mean of 0.65, Shannon Information Index (I) between 0.29 and 0.63 with an average of 0.47 per locus, and Nei's gene diversity (h) value varied from 0.16 to 0.44 with an average of 0.32. The average number of effective alleles was 1.52, ranging between 1.21 and 1.8. The gene locus Xgwm 140 showed the highest diversity in the population genetic structure, which explains the ability of the primers to resolve the assayed germplasm. Thus, resistance to CRR in wheat was mainly related to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, although the specific metabolic pathways require further study. This study presents new insights for understanding resistance mechanisms of the selected wheat cultivars to CRR, thus improving wheat yield in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Qalavand
- Department of Agricultural-Biotechnology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasr Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, 81786-96446, Iran.
| | - Jafar Vatandoost
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Amin Azarm
- Horticulture Crop Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, 81786-96446, Iran
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Soheili-Moghaddam B, Mousanejad S, Nasr-Esfahani M, Hassanzade-Khankahdani H, Karbalaie-Khiyavie H. Identification of novel associations of candidate genes with resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG-3PT in Solanum tuberosum stem canker. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:321-333. [PMID: 35718157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To develop an understanding mechanism to define responding of potatoes to R. solani, we analyzed the expression of ten novel candidate gene-markers using reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in resistant 'Savalan' and partially resistant 'Agria' in contrast to susceptible 'Sagita', and partially susceptible 'Pashandi'. In addition, oxidant-enzymatic-activity of catalase and superoxide-dismutase, as well as biomass-growth-parameters; shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, and root volume were considered as complementary factors to the involving mechanism accordingly. Gene-markers up-regulated maximum up to 3.5-fold with the highest correlation, r = 0.939** following R. solani-inoculation, predominantly in resistant genotypes. Surprisingly, WRKY8-gene, basically resistant to late-blight-Phytophtora infestans was also up-regulated to 2.3-fold in resistant 'Savalan' followed by 'Agria'. Similar results with 3.1-fold were obtained on Osmotin-gene resistant to early-blight-Alternaria alternata. Enzymatic-activity of catalase with 1.6-fold and superoxide-dismutase, 6.8-fold also showed the highest level of activity in resistant genotypes, and had a high significant correlation, r = 773** and r = 0.881** with expression levels of related gene-markers respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in biomass-growth-parameters, but with reductions in partially susceptible 'Sagita' and susceptible 'Pashandi'. Conclusively, S. tuberosum-R. solani interaction revealed that certain gene-markers can cover resistance to more than one disease simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Soheili-Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Mousanejad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Plant Protection Research, Esfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Esfahan, AREEO, Iran.
| | - Hamed Hassanzade-Khankahdani
- Department of Horticulture Crops Research, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Houssein Karbalaie-Khiyavie
- Department of Plant Protection Research, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Ardebil, AREEO, Iran
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Mohammadbagheri L, Nasr-Esfahani M, Abdossi V, Naderi D. Genetic diversity and biochemical analysis of Capsicum annuum (Bell pepper) in response to root and basal rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112884. [PMID: 34388481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the genetic variability and biochemical characteristics of edible and ornamental accessions of pepper, Capsicum annuum, in response to root and basal rot disease (RCR), caused by Phytophthora capsici, using resistance screening and genetic variability via Inter Simple Sequence Repeat marker (ISSR), bio-mass parameters, and enzymatic activity of Peroxidase or peroxide reductases (POX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Polyphenol oxidase (PPOs), Catalase (CAT), Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase and phenolic content. The resistance in C. annuum '37ChilPPaleo', '19OrnP-PBI' and '23CherryPOrsh' and susceptibility in '2BP-PBI', '24BP-301' and '26BPRStarlet' accessions were confirmed. Nineteen out of 21 ISSR primers generated 185 polymorphic bands with a mean percentage band of 98.5 %, and an average number of bands of 9.9 per primer. Biomass parameters were significantly higher in resistant genotypes than the susceptible ones and non-inoculated controls. All the seven candidate enzymes were highly up-regulated in the resistant C. annuum accessions '19OrnP-PBI', '37ChillP-Paleo' and '23CherryP-Orsh' inoculated with P. capsici The mean level of enzyme activity varied from 1.5 to 5.6-fold higher in the resistant C. annuum, of which SOD was increased by 5.6 fold, followed by PAL 4.40 and PPO 3.75 fold in comparison to susceptible and non-inoculated controls. Overall, there was no significant correlation between resistance and genetic variability, and also between genetic variability and enzyme activity levels. However, there was a highly significant correlation between the resistance, bio-mass parameters and enzyme activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadbagheri
- Horticultural Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Abdossi
- Horticultural Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Naderi
- Horticulture Department, Agricultural Faculty and Young Researcher and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Ahmad A, Akram W, Bashir Z, Shahzadi I, Wang R, Abbas HMK, Hu D, Ahmed S, Xu X, Li G, Wu T. Functional and Structural Analysis of a Novel Acyltransferase from Pathogenic Phytophthora melonis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1797-1808. [PMID: 33521421 PMCID: PMC7841795 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This investigation characterizes an acyltransferase enzyme responsible for the pathogenicity of Phytophthora melonis. The protein was characterized in vitro for its physicochemical properties. The biochemical characterization, including thermal and pH stability, revealed the 35 °C temperature and 7.0 pH as the optimum conditions for the enzyme. Applying the Tween-80 solution enhanced the activity up to 124.9%. Comprehensive structural annotation revealed two domains, A (ranging from residues 260 to 620) and B (ranging from 141 to 219). Domain A had transglutaminase (T-Gase) elicitor properties, while B possessed antifreeze features. Rigorous sequence characterization of the acyltransferase tagged it as a low-temperature-resistant protein. Further, the taxonomic distribution analysis of the protein highlighted three genera in Oomycetes, i.e., Pythium, Phytophthora, and Plasmopara, bearing this protein. However, some taxonomic groups other than Oomycetes (i.e., archaea and bacteria) also contained the protein. Functional studies of structurally analogous proteins spanned 10 different taxonomic groups. These revealed TGase elicitors (10%), phytopathogen effector proteins RxLR (4%), transporter family proteins (3%), and endonucleases (1%). Other analogues having one percent of their individual share were HIV tat-specific factor 1, protocadherin fat 4, transcription factor 1, and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase. Because the plant infection by P. melonis is a complex process regulated by a profusion of extracellular signals secreted by both host plants and the pathogen, this study will be of help in interpreting the cross-talk in the host-pathogen system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Waheed Akram
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zoobia Bashir
- National
Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Iqra Shahzadi
- School
of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Du Hu
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto
de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
Austral de Chile, Campus
Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Vegetable
Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong
Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Alizadeh-Moghaddam G, Rezayatmand Z, Esfahani MN, Khozaei M. Bio-genetic analysis of resistance in tomato to early blight disease, Alternaria alternata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112486. [PMID: 32828067 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Early blight disease (EB), Alternaria alternata, is destructive on Solanum lycopersicum Mill. The responses of 35 domestic and exotic commercial tomato genotypes to early blight were examined at transplanting and maturing stages using genetic diversity analysis, with 15 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers, total phenolic content (TPC), and enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays. The disease severity ranged from 18 to 87.5%. Eleven of 15 ISSR primers generated 68 loci of which 63 (90%) were polymorphic. Polymorphism information content value varied from 0.3 to 0.5 with an average of 0.4. Nei's measure of the average gene diversity ranged from 0.06 to 0.5. The Tomato genotypes were divided into five clusters in Un-weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis, showing a considerable similarity between resistance level and molecular classification pattern. Antioxidant analysis indicated a significant increase in TPC and CAT, POD, PAL and SOD activities in most inoculated tomato genotypes at both growth stages. The highest increase in activity was seen in PAL (5-fold) and TPC (4-fold) at transplanting stage, whereas the highest TPC (2 to 3-fold) and POD activity (3-fold) were found at maturing stage in all the inoculated resistant genotypes in comparison with controls. Esfahan Local and H. a.s 2274 showed the highest level of activity in POD (2.5- and 3- fold, respectively) and TPC (2.5- and 4-fold, respectively). Our results suggest that using both genetic diversity and enzymatic diversity as markers, it is possible to discriminate resistant from susceptible tomato genotypes to early blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Alizadeh-Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 84517-31167, Iran.
| | - Zahra Rezayatmand
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 84517-31167, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Nasr- Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Division, Isfahan Center for Research and Education in Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, (AREEO), Isfahan, 81786-96446, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Khozaei
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
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12
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Regulation of related genes promoting resistant in Iris against root rot disease, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Genomics 2020; 112:3013-3020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Hashemi L, Nasehi A, Nasr-Esfahani A, Nasr-Esfahani A. Novel Cucumis enzymes associated with host-specific disease resistance to Phytophthora melonis Katsura. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1810123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lida Hashemi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Nasehi
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ava Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Karunasinghe TG, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Velazhahan R, Al-Sadi AM. Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated From Sea Purslane ( Sesuvium portulacastrum) Against Pythium Damping off of Cucumber. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2158-2167. [PMID: 32539595 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0003-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic activity of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi isolated from a medicinal plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum, against Pythium aphanidermatum, the cause of damping off of cucumber. A total of 40 endophytic and 19 rhizosphere fungi were isolated from S. portulacastrum. Three endophytic isolates and two rhizosphere isolates gave >50% suppression of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro dual-culture tests. Scanning electron microscopic studies at the inhibition zone showed hyphae wall damage and abnormal mycelial growth of the genus Pythium. Molecular analysis identified the antagonistic endophytes as Aspergillus insulicola (isolate A435), A. insulicola (A419), and Aspergillus melleus (A412) and the rhizosphere antagonists as Aspergillus terreus (A213) and Aspergillus luchuensis (A116). Except for A116, the culture filtrates of the other antagonists significantly increased the electrolyte leakage from Pythium mycelia, whereas ethyl acetate extracts of A435, A412, and A213 showed significant growth suppression. All five antagonists were able to produce varying amounts of cellulase and β-glucanase enzymes. However, A435, A412, and A213 showed significantly higher cellulase activity, whereas A435 and A116 showed the highest β-glucanase activity. Controlled glasshouse growth experiments showed that isolates A435 and A116 resulted in up to 70% control of damping off, whereas isolates A412 and A213 showed 30 to 40% damping-off control. The antagonists A435, A116, and A213 also contributed to increased cucumber shoot length as well as shoot and root dry mass. The synergetic effects of metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes could be the reason for the variation between isolates in the antagonistic activity and cucumber growth promotion. This study reports for the first time A. insulicola, A. melleus, and A. luchuensis as potential biocontrol agents against P. aphanidermatum-induced damping off of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamodini G Karunasinghe
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - S S N Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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15
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Hashemi L, Golparvar AR, Nasr-Esfahani M, Golabadi M. Expression analysis of defense-related genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) against Phytophthora melonis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4933-4944. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Bagheri LM, Nasr-Esfahani M, Abdossi V, Naderi D. Analysis of candidate genes expression associated with defense responses to root and collar rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici in peppers Capsicum annuum. Genomics 2020; 112:2309-2317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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