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Lai H, Levitt BB. Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:519-529. [PMID: 37021652 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The way that living cells respond to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF), including static/extremely-low frequency and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, fits the pattern of 'cellular stress response' - a mechanism manifest at the cellular level intended to preserve the entire organism. It is a set pattern of cellular and molecular responses to environmental stressors, such as heat, ionizing radiation, oxidation, etc. It is triggered by cellular macromolecular damage (in proteins, lipids, and DNA) with the goal of repairing and returning cell functions to homeostasis. The pattern is independent of the type of stressor encountered. It involves cell cycle arrest, induction of specific molecular mechanisms for repair, damage removal, cell proliferation, and cell death if damage is too great. This response could be triggered by EMF-induced alternation in oxidative processes in cells. The concept that biological response to EMF is a 'cellular stress response' explains many observed effects of EMF, such as nonlinear dose- and time-dependency, increased and decreased risks of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, enhanced nerve regeneration, and bone healing. These responses could be either detrimental or beneficial to health, depending on the duration and intensity of the exposure, as well as specific aspects of the living organism being exposed. A corollary to electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) could be an inappropriate response of the hippocampus/limbic system to EMF, involving glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Blake Levitt
- National Association of Science Writers, Berkeley, CA CA 94707, USA
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2
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Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Er H, Akpolat V, Deveci E. Interstitial space between cells in the left and right lobes of rat brains exposed to 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2170828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Dasdag
- Biophysics Department, Medical School, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hakan Er
- Biophysics Department, Medical School, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Veysi Akpolat
- Biophysics Department, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Engin Deveci
- Histology-Embriology Departments, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Zhao H, Wen Q, Zhuo L, Wang S, Zhan S. Association between Mobile Phone Use and Incidence of Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the UK Biobank. Gerontology 2023; 69:1232-1244. [PMID: 37494916 DOI: 10.1159/000531847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid growth in mobile phone use has led to public concern about its potential effects on the risk of dementia. This study aimed to investigate the association between mobile phone use in daily life and the risk of dementia incidence in community-dwelling adults based on the data from the UK Biobank. METHODS Participants in the UK Biobank aged 60 years or older with no diagnosis of dementia at the time of recruitment were included in this prospective cohort study. A Cox regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, general health factors, mental health, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and medication use was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) of the association between mobile phone use and dementia risk. RESULTS The final analyses included 213,181 participants. During a median follow-up period of 12.4 years, 6,344 cases of incident dementia occurred. Mobile phone use displayed a modest association with lower risk of dementia incidence, with HRs of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.91), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80-0.91), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.96), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70-0.98) for participants who reported phone call usage of fewer than 5 min, 5-29 min, 30-59 min, 1-3 h, and more than 3 h per week, respectively, compared with nonusers. In addition, the proportions of the association medicated by family/friend visits and other leisure/social activities were 2.62% (95% CI: -0.64-6.51) and 2.22% (95% CI: 1.12-4.12), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Daily mobile phone use is significantly associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia in community-dwelling adults in the UK Biobank population. This association seems to be mediated by improved social and mental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,
| | - Qiaorui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Héroux P, Belyaev I, Chamberlin K, Dasdag S, De Salles AAA, Rodriguez CEF, Hardell L, Kelley E, Kesari KK, Mallery-Blythe E, Melnick RL, Miller AB, Moskowitz JM. Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5398. [PMID: 37048013 PMCID: PMC10094704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) restricted its risk assessment for human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in seven ways: (1) Inappropriate focus on heat, ignoring sub-thermal effects. (2) Reliance on exposure experiments performed over very short times. (3) Overlooking time/amplitude characteristics of RFR signals. (4) Ignoring carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity, and other health conditions connected with RFR. (5) Measuring cellphone Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) at arbitrary distances from the head. (6) Averaging SAR doses at volumetric/mass scales irrelevant to health. (7) Using unrealistic simulations for cell phone SAR estimations. Low-cost software and hardware modifications are proposed here for cellular phone RFR exposure mitigation: (1) inhibiting RFR emissions in contact with the body, (2) use of antenna patterns reducing the Percent of Power absorbed in the Head (PPHead) and body and increasing the Percent of Power Radiated for communications (PPR), and (3) automated protocol-based reductions of the number of RFR emissions, their duration, or integrated dose. These inexpensive measures do not fundamentally alter cell phone functions or communications quality. A health threat is scientifically documented at many levels and acknowledged by industries. Yet mitigation of RFR exposures to users does not appear as a priority with most cell phone manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Héroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kent Chamberlin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Suleyman Dasdag
- Biophysics Department, Medical School, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Alvaro Augusto Almeida De Salles
- Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | | | - Lennart Hardell
- Department of Oncology, Orebro University Hospital, 701 85 Orebro, Sweden (Retired)
- The Environment and Cancer Research Foundation, 702 17 Orebro, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- ICBE-EMF and International EMF Scientist Appeal, and Electromagnetic Safety Alliance, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Erica Mallery-Blythe
- Physicians’ Health Initiative for Radiation and Environment, East Sussex TN6, UK
- British Society of Ecological Medicine, London W1W 6DB, UK
- Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association, Scarborough, QLD 4020, Australia
| | - Ronald L. Melnick
- National Toxicology Program (Retired), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- Ron Melnick Consulting LLC, North Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Anthony B. Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Joel M. Moskowitz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Haghjoo S, Hedayati Ch M, Rostampour M, Khakpour-Taleghani B. Red-light radiation: does it enhance memory by increasing hippocampal LRP-1 and TRPA-1 genes expression? Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:329-339. [PMID: 35446172 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2069300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the extensive efforts to treat the leading cause of neurodegenerative diseases (ND), a little progress has been reported. Red light might affect ND through many specific mechanisms. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the effect of red light on the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LRP-1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA-1) gene in the hippocampus, and the serum melatonin level (SML) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuro-inflammated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Red-light therapy was implemented using a wavelength 630 nm under different light conditions and the passive avoidance (PA) and Y-Maze tests were employed to assess memory performance. To evaluate the LRP-1 and TRPA-1 genes expression, quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. To measure the SML, ELISA was performed before and after the red-light radiation. RESULTS LPS caused memory impairment in both behavioral tests. Red-light therapy improved PA memory in all light conditions (p < .001). However, in Y-maze, only the red-light radiation during light and dark cycles, improved memory (p < .01 and p < .001, respectively). In addition, red-light radiation caused significant increase in SML (p < .05). The LRP-1 and TRPA-1 genes expression increased significantly during the dark phase in the red light radiated group compared to non-radiated group (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results suggest that red-light therapy can reduce the complications of memory impairment in rats. This study has found that red-light therapy demonstrates higher effect during the period of dark phase compared to light phase. No doubt, further experimental studies would help us to establish a greater degree of accuracy on this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saereh Haghjoo
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrooz Khakpour-Taleghani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Bashan M, Kizmaz V, Erdal N, Emin Erdal M, Tughan Kiziltug M, Yegin K. Role of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi on some miRNA and faty acids composition in brain. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:281-292. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2065682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Dasdag
- Biophysics Department of Medical School of Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag
- Biophysics Department of Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bashan
- Biology Department of Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Veysi Kizmaz
- Vocational Higher School of Healthcare Studies Medical Laboratory Techniques of Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nurten Erdal
- Biophysics Department of Medical, School of Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Medical Biology Department of Medical, School of Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Korkut Yegin
- Electric and Electronic Engineer Faculty, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Lai H. Neurological effects of static and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:201-221. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2064489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Guo F, Li S, Cui H. RNA N6-Methyladenosine Modifications and Its Roles in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:820378. [PMID: 35401117 PMCID: PMC8989074 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.820378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of epitranscriptomics in regulating gene expression has received widespread attention. Recently, RNA methylation modifications, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A), have received marked attention. m6A, the most common and abundant type of eukaryotic methylation modification in RNAs, is a dynamic reversible modification that regulates nuclear splicing, stability, translation, and subcellular localization of RNAs. These processes are involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases. An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of m6A modification in Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common neurodegenerative disease. This review focuses on the general features, mechanisms, and functions of m6A methylation modification and its role in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjiao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fangzhen Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
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Balabanski L, Serbezov D, Atanasoska M, Karachanak-Yankova S, Hadjidekova S, Nikolova D, Boyanova O, Staneva R, Vazharova R, Mihailova M, Damyanova V, Nesheva D, Belejanska D, Mehrabian S, Traykov L, Toncheva D. Rare genetic variants prioritize molecular pathways for semaphorin interactions in Alzheimer’s disease patients. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1964382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Balabanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Genetic Laboratory, Gynecology and Assisted Reproduction Hospital “Malinov MD”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Atanasoska
- Genetic Laboratory, Gynecology and Assisted Reproduction Hospital “Malinov MD”, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomira Nikolova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Boyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Staneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslava Vazharova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marta Mihailova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Damyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Belejanska
- Depatment of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Depatment of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lachezar Traykov
- Depatment of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Zosangzuali M, Lalremruati M, Lalmuansangi C, Nghakliana F, Pachuau L, Bandara P, Zothan Siama. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from a mobile phone base station on the redox homeostasis in different organs of Swiss albino mice. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:393-407. [PMID: 33687298 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1895207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible effects of exposure to mobile phone base station (MPBS) emits 1800-MHz RF-EMR on some oxidative stress parameters in the brain, heart, kidney and liver of Swiss albino mice under exposures below thermal levels. Mice were randomly assigned to three experimental groups which were exposed to RF-EMR for 6 hr/day, 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day for 45 consecutive days, respectively, and a control group. The glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly reduced in mice brain after exposure to RF-EMR for 12 hr and 24 hr per day. Exposure of mice to RF-EMR for 12 hr and 24 hr per day also led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) levels in mice brain. On the contrary, exposures used in this study did not induce any significant change in various oxidative stress-related parameters in the heart, kidney and liver of mice. Our findings showed no significant variations in the activities of aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), and on the level of creatinine (CRE) in the exposed mice. This study also revealed a decrease in RBC count with an increase in WBC count in mice subjected to 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day exposures. Exposure to RF-EMR from MPBS may cause adverse effects in mice brain by inducing oxidative stress arising from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by enhanced lipid peroxidation, and reduced levels and activities of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Lalmuansangi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - F Nghakliana
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Lalrinthara Pachuau
- Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Priyanka Bandara
- Executive Board, Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association (ORSAA), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zothan Siama
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
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