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Al-Karmalawy AA, Mousa MHA, Sharaky M, Mourad MAE, El-Dessouki AM, Hamouda AO, Alnajjar R, Ayed AA, Shaldam MA, Tawfik HO. Lead Optimization of BIBR1591 To Improve Its Telomerase Inhibitory Activity: Design and Synthesis of Novel Four Chemical Series with In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Preclinical Assessments. J Med Chem 2024; 67:492-512. [PMID: 38117230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, modifications to the previously reported BIBR1591 were conducted to obtain bioisosteric candidates with improved activities. The % inhibition of the newly afforded candidates against the telomerase target was investigated. Notably, 6f achieved superior telomerase inhibition (63.14%) compared to BIBR1532 and BIBR1591 (69.64 and 51.58%, respectively). In addition, 8a and 8b showed comparable promising telomerase inhibition with 58.65 and 55.57%, respectively, which were recorded to be frontier to that of BIBR1591. 6f, 8a, and 8b were tested against five cancer cell lines related to the lung and liver subtypes. Moreover, 6f was examined on both cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in HuH7 cancer cells. Furthermore, the in vivo antitumor activity of 6f was further assessed in female mice with solid Ehrlich carcinoma. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. Collectively, 6f, 8a, and 8b could be considered potential new telomerase inhibitors to be subjected to further investigation and/or optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6h of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Mai H A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11786, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Mai A E Mourad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Amir O Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi 1308, Libya
- PharmD, Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi 1308, Libya
| | - Abdelmoneim A Ayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Telomerase: A prominent oncological target for development of chemotherapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115121. [PMID: 36669398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) responsible for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity by stabilizing telomere length. Telomerase is a widely expressed hallmark responsible for replicative immortality in 80-90% of malignant tumors. Cancer cells produce telomerase which prevents telomere shortening by adding telomeres sequences beyond Hayflick's limit; which enables them to divide uncontrollably. The activity of telomerase is relatively low in somatic cells and absent in normal cells, but the re-activation of this RNP in normal cells suppresses p53 activity which leads to the avoidance of senescence causing malignancy. Here, we have focused explicitly on various anti-telomerase therapies and telomerase-inhibiting molecules for the treatment of cancer. We have covered molecules that are reported in developmental, preclinical, and clinical trial stages as potent telomerase inhibitors. Apart from chemotherapy, we have also included details of immunotherapy, gene therapy, G-quadruplex stabilizers, and HSP-90 inhibitors. The purpose of this work is to discuss the challenges behind the development of novel telomerase inhibitors and to identify various perspectives for designing anti-telomerase compounds.
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Fragkiadaki P, Renieri E, Kalliantasi K, Kouvidi E, Apalaki E, Vakonaki E, Mamoulakis C, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Τelomerase inhibitors and activators in aging and cancer: A systematic review. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:158. [PMID: 35266017 PMCID: PMC8941523 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the most frequently used telomerase regulators with an impact on aging and cancer that are referred to in in vitro and in vivo studies. For this purpose, a systematic review of the available literature on telomerase regulators referred to in articles from PubMed and Scopus libraries published from 2002 to 2021 and in accordance with PRISMA 2020 criteria, was conducted. Articles were included if they met the following criteria: They referred to telomerase modulators in aging and in cancer and were in vitro and/or in vivo studies, while studies that did not provide sufficient data or studies not written in English were excluded. In the present systematic review, 54 publications were included, of which 29 were full-text published studies, 11 were full-text reviews, 10 structure-based design studies and 4 abstracts are reported in this review. Telomerase regulators were then categorized as synthetic direct telomerase inhibitors, synthetic indirect telomerase inhibitors, synthetic telomerase activators, natural direct telomerase activators, natural telomerase inhibitors and natural indirect telomerase activators, according to their origin and their activity. On the whole, as demonstrated herein, telomerase regulators appear to be promising treatment agents in various age-related diseases. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies need to be performed in order to clarify the potentiality of telomerase as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.,Spin‑Off Toxplus S.A., Heraklion 71601, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Kalliantasi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Kouvidi
- Genesis Genoma Lab, Genetic Diagnosis, Clinical Genetics and Research, Athens 15232, Greece
| | - Evita Apalaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.,Spin‑Off Toxplus S.A., Heraklion 71601, Greece
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.,Spin‑Off Toxplus S.A., Heraklion 71601, Greece
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Bousali M, Karamitros T. Hepatitis B Virus Integration into Transcriptionally Active Loci and HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020253. [PMID: 35208708 PMCID: PMC8879149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA integrations into the human genome are considered major causative factors to HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development. In the present study, we investigated whether HBV preferentially integrates parts of its genome in specific genes and evaluated the contribution of the integrations in HCC development per gene. We applied dedicated in-house developed pipelines on all of the available HBV DNA integration data and performed a statistical analysis to identify genes that could be characterized as hotspots of integrations, along with the evaluation of their association with HBV-HCC. Our results suggest that 15 genes are recurrently affected by HBV integrations and they are significantly associated with HBV-HCC. Further studies that focus on HBV integrations disrupting these genes are mandatory in order to understand the role of HBV integrations in clonal advantage gain and oncogenesis promotion, as well as to determine whether inhibition of the HBV-disrupted genes can provide a therapy strategy for HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bousali
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-6478871
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Sun ZG, Li ZN, Zhang JM, Hou XY, Yeh SM, Ming X. Recent Development of Flavonoids with Various Activities. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:305-329. [PMID: 35040404 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220117111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a series of compounds with C6-C3-C6 structure, mostly originate from plant metabolism. Flavonoids have shown beneficial effects on many aspects of human physiology and health. Recently, many flavonoids with various activities have been discovered, which has led to more and more studies focusing on their physiological and pharmacodynamic activities. The anti-cancer and anti-viral activities especially have attracted the attention of many researchers. Therefore, the discovery and development of flavonoids as anti-disease drugs has great potential and may make significant contribution to fighting diseases. This review focus on the discovery and development of flavonoids in medicinal chemistry in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Zhi-Na Li
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Jin-Mai Zhang
- Room 205, BIO-X white house, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hou
- Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 8888 Lvyou Road, High-tech Zone, Jinan, 250104, P.R. China
| | - Stacy Mary Yeh
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xin Ming
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Culletta G, Allegra M, Almerico AM, Restivo I, Tutone M. In Silico Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Anticancer Arylsulfonamide Endowed with Anti-Telomerase Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010082. [PMID: 35056139 PMCID: PMC8778141 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, a reverse transcriptase enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, has a tangible role in tumor progression. Several studies have evidenced telomerase as a promising target for developing cancer therapeutics. The main reason is due to the overexpression of telomerase in cancer cells (85–90%) compared with normal cells where it is almost unexpressed. In this paper, we used a structure-based approach to design potential inhibitors of the telomerase active site. The MYSHAPE (Molecular dYnamics SHared PharmacophorE) approach and docking were used to screen an in-house library of 126 arylsulfonamide derivatives. Promising compounds were synthesized using classical and green methods. Compound 2C revealed an interesting IC50 (33 ± 4 µM) against the K-562 cell line compared with the known telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 IC50 (208 ± 11 µM) with an SI ~10 compared to the BALB/3-T3 cell line. A 100 ns MD simulation of 2C in the telomerase active site evidenced Phe494 as the key residue as well as in BIBR1532. Each moiety of compound 2C was involved in key interactions with some residues of the active site: Arg557, Ile550, and Gly553. Compound 2C, as an arylsulfonamide derivative, is an interesting hit compound that deserves further investigation in terms of optimization of its structure to obtain more active telomerase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Culletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Dubik N, Mai S. Lamin A/C: Function in Normal and Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123688. [PMID: 33316938 PMCID: PMC7764147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to summarize lamin A/C’s currently known functions in both normal and diseased cells. Lamin A/C is a nuclear protein with many functions in cells, such as maintaining a cell’s structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. Mutations of the lamin A/C gene, incorrect processing of the protein, and lamin A/C deregulation can lead to various diseases and cancer. This review touches on diseases caused by mutation and incorrect processing of lamin A/C, called laminopathies. The effect of lamin A/C deregulation in cancer is also reviewed, and lamin A/C’s potential in helping to diagnose prostate cancers more accurately is discussed. Abstract This review is focused on lamin A/C, a nuclear protein with multiple functions in normal and diseased cells. Its functions, as known to date, are summarized. This summary includes its role in maintaining a cell’s structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. As lamin A/C has a variety of critical roles within the cell, mutations of the lamin A/C gene and incorrect processing of the protein results in a wide variety of diseases, ranging from striated muscle disorders to accelerated aging diseases. These diseases, collectively termed laminopathies, are also touched upon. Finally, we review the existing evidence of lamin A/C’s deregulation in cancer. Lamin A/C deregulation leads to various traits, including genomic instability and increased tolerance to mechanical insult, which can lead to more aggressive cancer and poorer prognosis. As lamin A/C’s expression in specific cancers varies widely, currently known lamin A/C expression in various cancers is reviewed. Additionally, Lamin A/C’s potential as a biomarker in various cancers and as an aid in more accurately diagnosing intermediate Gleason score prostate cancers is also discussed.
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8
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Dratwa M, Wysoczańska B, Łacina P, Kubik T, Bogunia-Kubik K. TERT-Regulation and Roles in Cancer Formation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589929. [PMID: 33329574 PMCID: PMC7717964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase. Telomerase complex plays a key role in cancer formation by telomere dependent or independent mechanisms. Telomere maintenance mechanisms include complex TERT changes such as gene amplifications, TERT structural variants, TERT promoter germline and somatic mutations, TERT epigenetic changes, and alternative lengthening of telomere. All of them are cancer specific at tissue histotype and at single cell level. TERT expression is regulated in tumors via multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations which affect telomerase activity. Telomerase activity via TERT expression has an impact on telomere length and can be a useful marker in diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers and a new therapy approach. In this review we want to highlight the main roles of TERT in different mechanisms of cancer development and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczańska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Łacina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kubik
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ma S, Rudra S, Campian JL, Dahiya S, Dunn GP, Johanns T, Goldstein M, Kim AH, Huang J. Prognostic impact of CDKN2A/B deletion, TERT mutation, and EGFR amplification on histological and molecular IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa126. [PMID: 33235995 PMCID: PMC7668466 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of molecular glioblastoma (mGBM) as compared to histological GBM (hGBM) and to determine the prognostic impact of TERT mutation, EGFR amplification, and CDKN2A/B deletion on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GBM. Methods IDH-wildtype GBM patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) between 2012 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. mGBM was defined as grade II-III IDH-wildtype astrocytoma without histological features of GBM but with one of the following molecular alterations: TERT mutation, EGFR amplification, or combination of whole chromosome 7 gain and whole chromosome 10 loss. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated from RT and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed using Cox regression to identify independent predictors of OS and PFS. Results Of the 367 eligible patients, the median follow-up was 11.7 months. mGBM and hGBM did not have significantly different OS (median: 16.6 vs 13.5 months, respectively, P = .16), nor PFS (median: 11.7 vs 7.3 months, respectively, P = .08). However, mGBM was associated with better OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.50, 95% CI 0.29-0.88) and PFS (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26-0.72) than hGBM after adjusting for known prognostic factors on MVA. CDKN2A/B deletion was associated with worse OS (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.003-2.46) and PFS (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.04-2.36) on MVA, but TERT mutation and EGFR amplification were not. Conclusion Criteria for mGBM may require further refinement and validation. CDKN2A/B deletion, but not TERT mutation or EGFR amplification, may be an independent prognostic biomarker for IDH-wildtype GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Soumon Rudra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jian L Campian
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tanner Johanns
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Goldstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Baginski M, Serbakowska K. In silico design of telomerase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1213-1222. [PMID: 32387261 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme involved in DNA synthesis at the end of linear chromosomes. Unlike in most other cells, telomerase is reactivated most cancerous cells and, therefore, has become a promising new anticancer target. Despite extensive research, direct telomerase inhibitors have yet not been introduced to the clinics because of the complexity of this enzyme. Structures of this protein from simple organisms and human homology models are currently available and have been used in structure-based drug design efforts to find potential inhibitors. Different is silico strategies have been applied and different chemical groups have been explored. Here, we provide an overview of recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Serbakowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated TERT Disruption in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020653. [PMID: 31963842 PMCID: PMC7014288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian telomere lengths are primarily regulated by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein consisting of a reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an RNA subunit (TERC). TERC is constitutively expressed in all cells, whereas TERT expression is temporally and spatially regulated, such that in most adult somatic cells, TERT is inactivated and telomerase activity is undetectable. Most tumor cells activate TERT as a mechanism for preventing progressive telomere attrition to achieve proliferative immortality. Therefore, inactivating TERT has been considered to be a promising means of cancer therapy. Here we applied the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to target the TERT gene in cancer cells. We report that disruption of TERT severely compromises cancer cell survival in vitro and in vivo. Haploinsufficiency of TERT in tumor cells is sufficient to result in telomere attrition and growth retardation in vitro. In vivo, TERT haploinsufficient tumor cells failed to form xenograft after transplantation to nude mice. Our work demonstrates that gene editing-mediated TERT knockout is a potential therapeutic option for treating cancer.
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Günes C, Wezel F, Southgate J, Bolenz C. Implications of TERT promoter mutations and telomerase activity in urothelial carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:386-393. [PMID: 29599449 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase activity imparts eukaryotic cells with unlimited proliferation capacity, one of the cancer hallmarks. Over 90% of human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) tumours are positive for telomerase activity. Telomerase activation can occur through several mechanisms. Mutations in the core promoter region of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) cause telomerase reactivation in 60-80% of UCBs, whereas the prevalence of these mutations is lower in urothelial cancers of other origins. TERT promoter mutations are the most frequent genetic alteration across all stages of UCB, indicating a strong selection pressure during neoplastic transformation. TERT promoter mutations could arise during regeneration of normal urothelium and, owing to consequential telomerase reactivation, might be the basis of UCB initiation, which represents a new model of urothelial cancer origination. In the future, TERT promoter mutations and telomerase activity might have diagnostic and therapeutic applications in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Department of Biology, Jack Birch Unit of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of York, York, UK
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Takahashi M, Miki S, Fujimoto K, Fukuoka K, Matsushita Y, Maida Y, Yasukawa M, Hayashi M, Shinkyo R, Kikuchi K, Mukasa A, Nishikawa R, Tamura K, Narita Y, Hamada A, Masutomi K, Ichimura K. Eribulin penetrates brain tumor tissue and prolongs survival of mice harboring intracerebral glioblastoma xenografts. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2247-2257. [PMID: 31099446 PMCID: PMC6609810 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating human malignancies for which a novel efficient treatment is urgently required. This pre-clinical study shows that eribulin, a specific inhibitor of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is an effective anticancer agent against glioblastoma. Eribulin inhibited the growth of 4 TERT promoter mutation-harboring glioblastoma cell lines in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. In addition, it suppressed the growth of glioblastoma cells transplanted subcutaneously or intracerebrally into mice, and significantly prolonged the survival of mice harboring brain tumors at a clinically equivalent dose. A pharmacokinetics study showed that eribulin quickly penetrated brain tumors and remained at a high concentration even when it was washed away from plasma, kidney or liver 24 hours after intravenous injection. Moreover, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging analysis revealed that intraperitoneally injected eribulin penetrated the brain tumor and was distributed evenly within the tumor mass at 1 hour after the injection whereas only very low levels of eribulin were detected in surrounding normal brain. Eribulin is an FDA-approved drug for refractory breast cancer and can be safely repositioned for treatment of glioblastoma patients. Thus, our results suggest that eribulin may serve as a novel therapeutic option for glioblastoma. Based on these data, an investigator-initiated registration-directed clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eribulin in patients with recurrent GBM (UMIN000030359) has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujimoto
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Fukuoka
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Yasukawa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raku Shinkyo
- Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Eisai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Morais KDS, Arcanjo DDS, Faria Lopes GP, Silva GG, Mota THA, Gabriel TR, Rabello Ramos DDA, Silva FP, Oliveira DM. Long‐term in vitro treatment with telomerase inhibitor MST‐312 induces resistance by selecting long telomeres cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:273-280. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karollyne da Silva Morais
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human HealthUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Pinto Faria Lopes
- Biotechnology DepartmentInstituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil e Research coordination, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Tales Henrique Andrade Mota
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human HealthUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Pittella Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
| | - Diêgo Madureira Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human HealthUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
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15
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Liu Y, Li Z, Tang X, Li M, Shi F. Association between hTERT Polymorphisms and Female Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:268-279. [PMID: 31538903 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190919145453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous genome-wide association study showed that hTERT rs10069690 and rs2736100 polymorphisms were associated with thyroid cancer risk. OBJECTIVE This study further investigated the association between increased risk and clinicopathologic characteristics for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) and hTERT polymorphisms rs10069690 or rs2736100 in a Chinese female population. METHODS The hTERT genotypes of 276 PTC patients and 345 healthy subjects were determined with regard to SNPs rs10069690 and rs2736100. The association between these SNPs and the risk of PTC and clinicopathologic characteristics was investigated by logistic regression. RESULTS We found a significant difference between PTC and rs10069690 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.515; P = 0.005), but not between PTC and rs2736100. When the analysis was limited to females, rs10069690 and rs2736100 were both associated with increased risk for PTC in female individuals (OR = 1.647, P = 0.007; OR = 1.339, P = 0.041, respectively). Further haplotype analysis revealed a stimulative effect of haplotypes TC and CA of TERT rs10069690-rs2736100, which increased risk for PTC in female individuals (OR = 1.579, P = 0.014; OR = 0.726, P = 0.025, respectively). Furthermore, the heterozygote A/C of rs2736100 showed significant difference for age (OR = 0.514, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that hTERT polymorphisms rs10069690 and rs2736100 are associated with increased risk for PTC in Chinese female population and rs2736100 may be related to age. Consistent with US20170360914 and US20170232075, they are expected to be a potential molecular target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xinyue Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Min Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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16
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Lee HS, Carmena M, Liskovykh M, Peat E, Kim JH, Oshimura M, Masumoto H, Teulade-Fichou MP, Pommier Y, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Systematic Analysis of Compounds Specifically Targeting Telomeres and Telomerase for Clinical Implications in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6282-6296. [PMID: 30166419 PMCID: PMC6214708 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The targeting of telomerase and telomere maintenance mechanisms represents a promising therapeutic approach for various types of cancer. In this work, we designed a new protocol to screen for and rank the efficacy of compounds specifically targeting telomeres and telomerase. This approach used two isogenic cell lines containing a circular human artificial chromosome (HAC, lacking telomeres) and a linear HAC (containing telomeres) marked with the EGFP transgene; compounds that target telomerase or telomeres should preferentially induce loss of the linear HAC but not the circular HAC. Our assay allowed quantification of chromosome loss by routine flow cytometry. We applied this dual-HAC assay to rank a set of known and newly developed compounds, including G-quadruplex (G4) ligands. Among the latter group, two compounds, Cu-ttpy and Pt-ttpy, induced a high rate of linear HAC loss with no significant effect on the mitotic stability of a circular HAC. Analysis of the mitotic phenotypes induced by these drugs revealed an elevated rate of chromatin bridges in late mitosis and cytokinesis as well as UFB (ultrafine bridges). Chromosome loss after Pt-ttpy or Cu-ttpy treatment correlated with the induction of telomere-associated DNA damage. Overall, this platform enables identification and ranking of compounds that greatly increase chromosome mis-segregation rates as a result of telomere dysfunction and may expedite the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.Significance: An assay provides a unique opportunity to screen thousands of chemical compounds for their ability to inactivate replication of telomeric ends in cancer cells and holds potential to lay the foundation for the discovery of new treatments for cancer. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6282-96. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sheung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mar Carmena
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Emma Peat
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Chemistry Modelling and Imaging for Biology, CNRS UMR 9187- INSERM U1196 Institute Curie, Research Center, Campus University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
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17
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Liu MY, Nemes A, Zhou QG. The Emerging Roles for Telomerase in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:160. [PMID: 29867352 PMCID: PMC5964194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, maintains telomere length at the 3′ end of chromosomes, and functions importantly in stem cells, cancer and aging. Telomerase exists in neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), at a high level in the developing and adult brains of humans and rodents. Increasing studies have demonstrated that telomerase in NSCs/NPCs plays important roles in cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, neuronal survival and neuritogenesis. In addition, recent works have shown that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) can protect newborn neurons from apoptosis and excitotoxicity. However, to date, the link between telomerase and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well reviewed. Here, we analyze the evidence and summarize the important roles of telomerase in the CNS. Understanding the roles of telomerase in the nervous system is not only important to gain further insight into the process of the neural cell life cycle but would also provide novel therapeutic applications in CNS diseases such as neurodegenerative condition, mood disorders, aging and other ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ashley Nemes
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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18
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Dogan F, Biray Avci C. Correlation between telomerase and mTOR pathway in cancer stem cells. Gene 2018; 641:235-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Long-term exposure to MST-312 leads to telomerase reverse transcriptase overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:750-756. [PMID: 28520570 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is an enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance in almost all human cancer cells, but generally not expressed in somatic ones. Therefore, antitelomerase therapy is a potentially revolutionary therapeutic strategy, and the antitumor activity of telomerase inhibitors (TI) has been studied extensively recently, mainly for breast cancer. However, the effects expected from treatment with TI will appear only after many cell divisions, but the effects of this long-term approach are unknown. In this work, the consequences of 3120 h exposure of human breast cancer cells to TI MST-312 were investigated. MCF-7 cells were treated with MST-312 at a subtoxic concentration for a long time, and then cell morphology, viability, senescence, and proliferation were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, MTT assay, β-galactosidase test, and the trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Also, chromosomal stability was evaluated by classical cytogenetic analysis. The average length of telomeres and telomerase reverse transcriptase expression were accessed by real-time PCR and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. The MST-312 showed cytotoxic action and promoted telomere erosion, senescence, and chromosome aberrations, as expected, but in a small proportion. Nevertheless, the proliferation rate of the culture was not affected. As the main effect, the chronic exposure led to cell adaptation by overexpression of telomerase in response to the inhibitor, which is a potential cause of therapeutic failure and may be associated with a poor prognosis. In conclusion, despite the high therapeutic potential of TIs such as MST-312, the molecular outcomes of long-term exposure of tumors on these drugs have to be evaluated when considering their clinical application, especially for breast cancer treatment.
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20
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Telomeres and Telomerase in Hematopoietic Dysfunction: Prognostic Implications and Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112267. [PMID: 29143804 PMCID: PMC5713237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (TL) has been suggested as a marker of biological age in healthy individuals, but can also reflect inherited and acquired hematopoietic dysfunctions or indicate an increased turnover of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment. In addition, TL is able to predict the response rate of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), indicates clinical outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and can be used as screening tool for genetic sequencing of selected genes in patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS). In tumor cells and clonal hematopoietic disorders, telomeres are continuously stabilized by reactivation of telomerase, which can selectively be targeted by telomerase-specific therapy. The use of the telomerase inhibitor Imetelstat in patients with essential thrombocythmia or myelofibrosis as well as the use of dendritic cell-based telomerase vaccination in AML patients with complete remissions are promising examples for anti-telomerase targeted strategies in hematologic malignancies. In contrast, the elevation in telomerase levels through treatment with androgens has become an exciting clinical intervention for patients with BMFS. Here, we review recent developments, which highlight the impact of telomeres and telomerase targeted therapies in hematologic dysfunctions.
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21
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Pesenti C, Paganini L, Fontana L, Veniani E, Runza L, Ferrero S, Bosari S, Menghi M, Marfia G, Caroli M, Silipigni R, Guerneri S, Tabano S, Miozzo M. Mass spectrometry-based assay for the molecular diagnosis of glioma: concomitant detection of chromosome 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH1, IDH2, and TERT mutation status. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57134-57148. [PMID: 28915660 PMCID: PMC5593631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently revised the diagnosis of glioma, to integrate molecular parameters, including IDH mutations and codeletion (loss of heterozygosity; LOH) of chromosome arms 1p/19q, into the definitions of adult glioma histological subtypes. Mutations in the TERT promoter may also be useful for glioma diagnosis and prognosis. The integration of molecular markers into routine diagnosis requires their rapid and reliable assessment. We propose a MassARRAY (MS)-based test that can identify 1p/19q codeletion using quantitative SNP genotyping and, simultaneously, characterize hotspot mutations in the IDH1, IDH2, and TERT genes in tumor DNA. We determined the reliability of the MS approach testing 50 gliomas and comparing the MS results with those obtained by standard methods, such as short tandem repeat genotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for 1p/19q codeletion and Sanger sequencing for hotspots mutations. The results indicate that MS is suitable for the accurate, rapid, and cost-effective evaluation of chromosome deletions combined with hotspot mutation detection. This MS approach could be similarly exploited in evaluation of LOH in other situations of clinical and/or research importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pesenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Paganini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Veniani
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio Runza
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Caroli
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Silipigni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Guerneri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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22
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Cimino-Reale G, Gandellini P, Santambrogio F, Recagni M, Zaffaroni N, Folini M. miR-380-5p-mediated repression of TEP1 and TSPYL5 interferes with telomerase activity and favours the emergence of an "ALT-like" phenotype in diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma cells. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:140. [PMID: 28716051 PMCID: PMC5513108 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the molecular/cellular underpinnings of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM), a fatal malignancy with limited therapeutic options, is of utmost importance for the fruitful management of the disease. In this context, we previously found that telomerase activity (TA), which accounts for the limitless proliferative potential of cancer cells, is prognostic for disease relapse and cancer-related death in DMPM patients. Consequently, the identification of factors involved in telomerase activation/regulation may pave the way towards the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the disease. Here, the capability of miR-380-5p, a microRNA negligibly expressed in telomerase-positive DMPM clinical specimens, to interfere with telomerase-mediated telomere maintenance and, hence, with cancer cell growth was assessed on preclinical models of DMPM. Methods DMPM cells were transfected with a miR-380-5p synthetic precursor, and the effects of miRNA replacement were evaluated in terms of growing capability, induction of apoptosis and interference with TA. Reiterated weekly transfections were also performed in order to analyse the phenotype arising upon prolonged miR-380-5p reconstitution in DMPM cells. Results The ectopic expression of miR-380-5p elicited a remarkable inhibition of TA and resulted in DMPM cell growth impairment and apoptosis induction. In particular, we demonstrated for the first time that these effects were the result of a molecular circuitry converging on telomerase associated protein 1 (TEP1), where the miRNA was able to target the gene both directly in unconventional targeting modality and indirectly via p53 accumulation consequent to miRNA-mediated downregulation of testis-specific protein, Y-encoded-like 5 gene. Moreover, miR-380-5p did not cause telomere attrition and cell growth arrest in long-term DMPM transfectants, which in turn showed slightly elongated telomeres and molecular features (e.g. c-circle DNA and reduced expression levels of chromatin remodeler ATRX) resembling an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype. Conclusions miR-380-5p interferes with TA in DMPM cells by targeting TEP1. Notably, in the long-term setting, miR-380-5p-mediated impairment of TA did not result in telomere attrition. Instead, a phenotype reminiscent of ALT emerged in DMPM cells as possible compensatory pathway that safeguards DMPM cell growth, an event that may be regarded as a potential resistance mechanism to anticancer therapies based on telomerase inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0510-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Cimino-Reale
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Santambrogio
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Recagni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42 - 20133, Milano, Italy.
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23
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Arita H, Yamasaki K, Matsushita Y, Nakamura T, Shimokawa A, Takami H, Tanaka S, Mukasa A, Shirahata M, Shimizu S, Suzuki K, Saito K, Kobayashi K, Higuchi F, Uzuka T, Otani R, Tamura K, Sumita K, Ohno M, Miyakita Y, Kagawa N, Hashimoto N, Hatae R, Yoshimoto K, Shinojima N, Nakamura H, Kanemura Y, Okita Y, Kinoshita M, Ishibashi K, Shofuda T, Kodama Y, Mori K, Tomogane Y, Fukai J, Fujita K, Terakawa Y, Tsuyuguchi N, Moriuchi S, Nonaka M, Suzuki H, Shibuya M, Maehara T, Saito N, Nagane M, Kawahara N, Ueki K, Yoshimine T, Miyaoka E, Nishikawa R, Komori T, Narita Y, Ichimura K. A combination of TERT promoter mutation and MGMT methylation status predicts clinically relevant subgroups of newly diagnosed glioblastomas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:79. [PMID: 27503138 PMCID: PMC4977715 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic impact of TERT mutations has been controversial in IDH-wild tumors, particularly in glioblastomas (GBM). The controversy may be attributable to presence of potential confounding factors such as MGMT methylation status or patients' treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TERT status on patient outcome in association with various factors in a large series of adult diffuse gliomas. We analyzed a total of 951 adult diffuse gliomas from two cohorts (Cohort 1, n = 758; Cohort 2, n = 193) for IDH1/2, 1p/19q, and TERT promoter status. The combined IDH/TERT classification divided Cohort 1 into four molecular groups with distinct outcomes. The overall survival (OS) was the shortest in IDH wild-type/TERT mutated groups, which mostly consisted of GBMs (P < 0.0001). To investigate the association between TERT mutations and MGMT methylation on survival of patients with GBM, samples from a combined cohort of 453 IDH-wild-type GBM cases treated with radiation and temozolomide were analyzed. A multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the interaction between TERT and MGMT was significant for OS (P = 0.0064). Compared with TERT mutant-MGMT unmethylated GBMs, the hazard ratio (HR) for OS incorporating the interaction was the lowest in the TERT mutant-MGMT methylated GBM (HR, 0.266), followed by the TERT wild-type-MGMT methylated (HR, 0.317) and the TERT wild-type-MGMT unmethylated GBMs (HR, 0.542). Thus, patients with TERT mutant-MGMT unmethylated GBM have the poorest prognosis. Our findings suggest that a combination of IDH, TERT, and MGMT refines the classification of grade II-IV diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arita
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kai Yamasaki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asanao Shimokawa
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takami
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Shirahata
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeo Uzuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohno
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Miyakita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Okita
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kodama
- Central Laboratory and Surgical Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanji Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomogane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junya Fukai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuzo Terakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tsuyuguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shusuke Moriuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nonaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibuya
- Central Laboratory, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kawahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoshimine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuo Miyaoka
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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