1
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Malavez-Cajigas SJ, Marini-Martinez FI, Lacourt-Ventura M, Rosario-Pacheco KJ, Ortiz-Perez NM, Velazquez-Perez B, De Jesús-Rojas W, Chertow DS, Strich JR, Ramos-Benítez MJ. HL-60 cells as a valuable model to study LPS-induced neutrophil extracellular traps release. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36386. [PMID: 39262993 PMCID: PMC11388390 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) present a paradoxical role in infectious diseases, contributing to both immunity and pathogenesis. The complex nature of this process necessitates further characterization to elucidate its clinical implications. However, studying NETs faces challenges with primary neutrophils due to their heterogeneity, short lifespan, and lack of adequate cryopreservation. Researchers often turn to alternative models, such as differentiated HL-60 cells (dHL-60). This study explored LPS-induced NETs formation in dHL-60 cells, revealing significant responses to LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although significantly lower than primary neutrophils. Moreover, Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) inhibition with R406, the active metabolite of the drug Fostamatinib, previously demonstrated to suppress NETs in primary neutrophils, effectively reduced NETs release in dHL-60 cells. dHL-60 cells, offering easier manipulation, consistent availability, and no donor variability in functional responses, possess characteristics suitable for high-throughput studies evaluating NETosis. Overall, dHL-60 cells may be a valuable in vitro model for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of NETosis in response to LPS, contributing to our available tools for understanding this complex immune process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natalia M Ortiz-Perez
- Ponce Health Sciences University & Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Marcos J Ramos-Benítez
- Ponce Health Sciences University & Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716, USA
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2
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Heng Y, Wei W, Cheng L, Wu F, Dong H, Li J, Fu J, Yang B, Liang X, Liu C, Li H, Liu H, Zhang P. FGF21 overexpression alleviates VSMC senescence in diabetic mice by modulating the SYK-NLRP3 inflammasome-PPARγ-catalase pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:892-904. [PMID: 38733164 PMCID: PMC11214975 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes accelerates vascular senescence, which is the basis for atherosclerosis and stiffness. The activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and oxidative stress are closely associated with progressive senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The vascular protective effect of FGF21 has gradually gained increasing attention, but its role in diabetes-induced vascular senescence needs further investigation. In this study, diabetic mice and primary VSMCs are transfected with an FGF21 activation plasmid and treated with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist (rosiglitazone), an NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), and a spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-specific inhibitor, R406, to detect senescence-associated markers. We find that FGF21 overexpression significantly restores the level of catalase (CAT), vascular relaxation, inhibits the intensity of ROSgreen fluorescence and p21 immunofluorescence, and reduces the area of SA-β-gal staining and collagen deposition in the aortas of diabetic mice. FGF21 overexpression restores CAT, inhibits the expression of p21, and limits the area of SA-β-gal staining in VSMCs under high glucose conditions. Mechanistically, FGF21 inhibits SYK phosphorylation, the production of the NLRP3 dimer, the expression of NLRP3, and the colocalization of NLRP3 with PYCARD (ASC), as well as NLRP3 with caspase-1, to reverse the cleavage of PPARγ, preserve CAT levels, suppress ROSgreen density, and reduce the expression of p21 in VSMCs under high glucose conditions. Our results suggest that FGF21 alleviates vascular senescence by regulating the SYK-NLRP3 inflammasome-PPARγ-catalase pathway in diabetic mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- Syk Kinase/metabolism
- Syk Kinase/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Mice
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Cellular Senescence
- Male
- Signal Transduction
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Heng
- Department of NephrologyHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of PharmacologyChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
- Department of EndocrinologyHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
- Department of Clinical Central LaboratoryHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Linzhong Cheng
- Department of National Institute for Clinical Trials of Drugs and Phase I Clinical Trial LaboratoryHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Department of EndocrinologyHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Department of EndocrinologyHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of AnesthesiaChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Jianing Fu
- Department of StomatologyChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of StomatologyChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Department of Medical ImageologyChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of AnesthesiaChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Haiju Li
- Department of PharmacologyChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
- Department of National Institute for Clinical Trials of Drugs and Phase I Clinical Trial LaboratoryHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Haihua Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of NephrologyHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
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3
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Wang L, Fang Y, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Ma R, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Wang X, Zhang Y. A novel natural Syk inhibitor suppresses IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107320. [PMID: 38569323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) plays a crucial role as a target for allergy treatment due to its involvement in immunoreceptor signaling. The purpose of this study was to identify natural inhibitors of Syk and assess their effects on the IgE-mediated allergic response in mast cells and ICR mice. A list of eight compounds was selected based on pharmacophore and molecular docking, showing potential inhibitory effects through virtual screening. Among these compounds, sophoraflavanone G (SFG) was found to inhibit Syk activity in an enzymatic assay, with an IC50 value of 2.2 μM. To investigate the conformational dynamics of the SYK-SFG system, we performed molecular dynamics simulations. The stability of the binding between SFG and Syk was evaluated using root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF). In RBL-2H3 cells, SFG demonstrated a dose-dependent suppression of IgE/BSA-induced mast cell degranulation, with no significant cytotoxicity observed at concentrations below 10.0 μM within 24 h. Furthermore, SFG reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-4 in RBL-2H3 cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SFG inhibited downstream signaling proteins, including phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (AKT, Erk1/2, p38, and JNK), in mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) experiments demonstrated that SFG could reduce ear swelling, mast cell degranulation, and the expression of COX-2 and IL-4. Overall, our findings identify naturally occurring SFG as a direct inhibitor of Syk that effectively suppresses mast cell degranulation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zixi Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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4
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Loos NHC, Sparidans RW, Heydari P, Bui V, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters limit brain disposition of the SYK inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116911. [PMID: 38527694 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The highly selective Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib disrupt kinase activity and inhibit immune cell functions. They are developed for treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmunity diseases. The impact of P-gp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 efflux transporters, OATP1a/1b uptake transporters and CYP3A drug-metabolizing enzymes on the oral pharmacokinetics of these drugs was assessed using mouse models. Entospletinib and lanraplenib were orally administered simultaneously at moderate dosages (10 mg/kg each) to female mice to assess the possibility of examining two structurally and mechanistically similar drugs at the same time, while reducing the number of experimental animals and sample-processing workload. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both drugs were not substantially restricted by Abcb1 or Abcg2. The brain-to-plasma ratios of entospletinib in Abcb1a/b-/-, Abcg2-/- and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2-/- mice were 1.7-, 1.8- and 2.9-fold higher, respectively, compared to those in wild-type mice. For lanraplenib these brain-to-plasma ratios were 3.0-, 1.3- and 10.4-fold higher, respectively. This transporter-mediated restriction of brain penetration for both drugs could be almost fully inhibited by coadministration of the dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar, without signs of acute toxicity. Oatp1a/b and human CYP3A4 did not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of entospletinib and lanraplenib, but mouse Cyp3a may limit lanraplenib plasma exposure. Unexpectedly, entospletinib and lanraplenib increased each other's plasma exposure by 2.6- to 2.9-fold, indicating a significant drug-drug interaction. This interaction was, however, unlikely to be mediated through any of the studied transporters or CYP3A. The obtained insights may perhaps help to further improve the safety and efficacy of entospletinib and lanraplenib.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Female
- Mice
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Syk Kinase/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Indazoles
- Morpholines
- Pyrazines
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H C Loos
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paniz Heydari
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viët Bui
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Danishuddin, Malik MZ, Kashif M, Haque S, Kim JJ. Exploring chemical space, scaffold diversity, and activity landscape of spleen tyrosine kinase active inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 35:325-342. [PMID: 38690773 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2345618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to comprehensively characterize 576 inhibitors targeting Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase primarily found in haematopoietic cells, with significant relevance to B-cell receptor function. The objective is to gain insights into the structural requirements essential for potent activity, with implications for various therapeutic applications. Through chemoinformatic analyses, we focus on exploring the chemical space, scaffold diversity, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). By leveraging ECFP4 and MACCS fingerprints, we elucidate the relationship between chemical compounds and visualize the network using RDKit and NetworkX platforms. Additionally, compound clustering and visualization of the associated chemical space aid in understanding overall diversity. The outcomes include identifying consensus diversity patterns to assess global chemical space diversity. Furthermore, incorporating pairwise activity differences enhances the activity landscape visualization, revealing heterogeneous SAR patterns. The dataset analysed in this work has three activity cliff generators, CHEMBL3415598, CHEMBL4780257, and CHEMBL3265037, compounds with high affinity to SYK are very similar to compounds analogues with reasonable potency differences. Overall, this study provides a critical analysis of SYK inhibitors, uncovering potential scaffolds and chemical moieties crucial for their activity, thereby advancing the understanding of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danishuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Z Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - M Kashif
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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6
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Duan QQ, Wang H, Su WM, Gu XJ, Shen XF, Jiang Z, Ren YL, Cao B, Li GB, Wang Y, Chen YP. TBK1, a prioritized drug repurposing target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence from druggable genome Mendelian randomization and pharmacological verification in vitro. BMC Med 2024; 22:96. [PMID: 38443977 PMCID: PMC10916235 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); therefore, drug repurposing might provide a rapid approach to meet the urgent need for treatment. METHODS To identify therapeutic targets associated with ALS, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and colocalization analysis using cis-eQTL of druggable gene and ALS GWAS data collections to determine annotated druggable gene targets that exhibited significant associations with ALS. By subsequent repurposing drug discovery coupled with inclusion criteria selection, we identified several drug candidates corresponding to their druggable gene targets that have been genetically validated. The pharmacological assays were then conducted to further assess the efficacy of genetics-supported repurposed drugs for potential ALS therapy in various cellular models. RESULTS Through MR analysis, we identified potential ALS druggable genes in the blood, including TBK1 [OR 1.30, 95%CI (1.19, 1.42)], TNFSF12 [OR 1.36, 95%CI (1.19, 1.56)], GPX3 [OR 1.28, 95%CI (1.15, 1.43)], TNFSF13 [OR 0.45, 95%CI (0.32, 0.64)], and CD68 [OR 0.38, 95%CI (0.24, 0.58)]. Additionally, we identified potential ALS druggable genes in the brain, including RESP18 [OR 1.11, 95%CI (1.07, 1.16)], GPX3 [OR 0.57, 95%CI (0.48, 0.68)], GDF9 [OR 0.77, 95%CI (0.67, 0.88)], and PTPRN [OR 0.17, 95%CI (0.08, 0.34)]. Among them, TBK1, TNFSF12, RESP18, and GPX3 were confirmed in further colocalization analysis. We identified five drugs with repurposing opportunities targeting TBK1, TNFSF12, and GPX3, namely fostamatinib (R788), amlexanox (AMX), BIIB-023, RG-7212, and glutathione as potential repurposing drugs. R788 and AMX were prioritized due to their genetic supports, safety profiles, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. Further pharmacological analysis revealed that R788 and AMX mitigated neuroinflammation in ALS cell models characterized by overly active cGAS/STING signaling that was induced by MSA-2 or ALS-related toxic proteins (TDP-43 and SOD1), through the inhibition of TBK1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analyses provided genetic evidence supporting TBK1, TNFSF12, RESP18, and GPX3 as druggable genes for ALS treatment. Among the drug candidates targeting the above genes with repurposing opportunities, FDA-approved drug-R788 and AMX served as effective TBK1 inhibitors. The subsequent pharmacological studies validated the potential of R788 and AMX for treating specific ALS subtypes through the inhibition of TBK1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Duan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu,, 610041, China
- Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Ming Su
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu,, 610041, China
- Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Gu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu,, 610041, China
- Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Ling Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu,, 610041, China
- Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu,, 610041, China.
- Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Wang Z, Qu S, Yuan J, Tian W, Xu J, Tao R, Sun S, Lu T, Tang W, Zhu Y. Review and prospects of targeted therapies for Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117514. [PMID: 37984216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The dysregulation of SYK is closely related to the occurrence and development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. SYK has become an attractive target for drug discovery due to its important biological functions. This article reviews the biological function of SYK, the relationship between SYK and disease, and therapies targeting SYK. In addition, inspired by new technologies such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and phosphatase recruiting chimeras (PHORCs), we propose the development of new therapeutic approaches for targeting SYK, such as SYK PROTACs and SYK PHORCs, which may overcome deficiencies of existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Wang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shu Qu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiahao Yuan
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wen Tian
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Tao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shilong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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8
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Huang G, Hucek D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Applications of oxetanes in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115802. [PMID: 37713805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The compact and versatile oxetane motifs have gained significant attention in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry campaigns. This review presents an overview of the diverse applications of oxetanes in clinical and preclinical drug candidates targeting various human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic disorders, and others. Special attention is given to biologically active oxetane-containing compounds and their disease-related targets, such as kinases, epigenetic and non-epigenetic enzymes, and receptors. The review also details the effect of the oxetane motif on important properties, including aqueous solubility, lipophilicity, pKa, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, metabolic stability, conformational preferences, toxicity profiles (e.g., cytochrome P450 (CYP) suppression and human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition), pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, potency, and target selectivity. We anticipate that this work will provide valuable insights that can drive future discoveries of novel bioactive oxetane-containing small molecules, enabling their effective application in combating a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Devon Hucek
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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9
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Li Y, Xu Y, Li W, Li J, Wu W, Kang J, Jiang H, Liu P, Liu J, Gong W, Li X, Ni C, Liu M, Chen L, Li S, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Itaconate inhibits SYK through alkylation and suppresses inflammation against hvKP induced intestinal dysbiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:337. [PMID: 37897551 PMCID: PMC11073195 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) is a highly lethal opportunistic pathogen that elicits more severe inflammatory responses compared to classical Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKP). In this study, we investigated the interaction between hvKP infection and the anti-inflammatory immune response gene 1 (IRG1)-itaconate axis. Firstly, we demonstrated the activation of the IRG1-itaconate axis induced by hvKP, with a dependency on SYK signaling rather than STING. Importantly, we discovered that exogenous supplementation of itaconate effectively inhibited excessive inflammation by directly inhibiting SYK kinase at the 593 site through alkylation. Furthermore, our study revealed that itaconate effectively suppressed the classical activation phenotype (M1 phenotype) and macrophage cell death induced by hvKP. In vivo experiments demonstrated that itaconate administration mitigated hvKP-induced disturbances in intestinal immunopathology and homeostasis, including the restoration of intestinal barrier integrity and alleviation of dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, ultimately preventing fatal injury. Overall, our study expands the current understanding of the IRG1-itaconate axis in hvKP infection, providing a promising foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies utilizing itaconate for the treatment of hvKP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232000, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Kang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peizhao Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanhan Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuanheng Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chujun Ni
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingda Liu
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Németh T, Balogh L, Káposztás E, Szilveszter KP, Mócsai A. Neutrophil-Specific Syk Expression Is Crucial for Skin Disease in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1147-1156. [PMID: 36641133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the dermal-epidermal junction component type VII collagen (C7) trigger skin disease in the inflammatory form of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. We have previously identified the Syk tyrosine kinase as a crucial participant in anti-C7 antibody-induced experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. However, it is still unclear which cellular lineage needs to express Syk during the disease process. In this study, we show that the loss of Syk, specifically from neutrophils, results in complete protection from the anti-C7 antibody-initiated skin disease both macroscopically and microscopically. Mice with a neutrophil-specific Syk deletion had decreased neutrophil accumulation and abrogated CXCL2 and IL-1β levels in the skin upon anti-C7 treatment, whereas isolated Syk-deficient neutrophils had decreased superoxide release, cell spreading, and cytokine release on C7-anti-C7 immune complex surfaces. Entospletinib and lanraplenib, two second-generation Syk-specific inhibitors, effectively abrogated immune complex-induced responses of human neutrophils and decreased the anti-C7 antibody-initiated, neutrophil-mediated ex vivo dermal-epidermal separation in human skin samples. Taken together, these results point to a crucial role for Syk in neutrophils in the development and progression of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and suggest Syk inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lili Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Káposztás
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Lozano ML. Expanding therapeutic options for patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Lancet Haematol 2023:S2352-3026(23)00063-7. [PMID: 37028434 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Lozano
- Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonacion, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia 30008, Spain.
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12
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Mok CC. Targeted Small Molecules for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Drugs in the Pipeline. Drugs 2023; 83:479-496. [PMID: 36972009 PMCID: PMC10042116 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the uncertainty of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, novel small molecules targeting specific intracellular mechanisms of immune cells are being developed to reverse the pathophysiological processes. These targeted molecules have the advantages of convenient administration, lower production costs, and the lack of immunogenicity. The Janus kinases, Bruton's tyrosine kinases, and spleen tyrosine kinases are important enzymes for activating downstream signals from various receptors on immune cells that include cytokines, growth factor, hormones, Fc, CD40, and B-cell receptors. Suppression of these kinases impairs cellular activation, differentiation, and survival, leading to diminished cytokine actions and autoantibody secretion. Intracellular protein degradation by immunoproteasomes, levered by the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is an essential process for the regulation of cellular functions and survival. Modulation of the immunoproteasomes and cereblon leads to depletion of long-lived plasma cells, reduced plasmablast differentiation, and production of autoantibodies and interferon-α. The sphingosine 1-phosphate/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 pathway is responsible for lymphocyte trafficking, regulatory T-cell/Th17 cell homeostasis, and vascular permeability. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 modulators limit the trafficking of autoreactive lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier, increase regulatory T-cell function, and decrease production of autoantibodies and type I interferons. This article summarizes the development of these targeted small molecules in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the future prospect for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tsing Chung Koon Road, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Rische CH, Thames AN, Krier-Burris RA, O’Sullivan JA, Bochner BS, Scott EA. Drug delivery targets and strategies to address mast cell diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:205-222. [PMID: 36629456 PMCID: PMC9928520 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2166926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current and developing mast cell therapeutics are reliant on small molecule drugs and biologics, but few are truly selective for mast cells. Most have cellular and disease-specific limitations that require innovation to overcome longstanding challenges to selectively targeting and modulating mast cell behavior. This review is designed to serve as a frame of reference for new approaches that utilize nanotechnology or combine different drugs to increase mast cell selectivity and therapeutic efficacy. AREAS COVERED Mast cell diseases include allergy and related conditions as well as malignancies. Here, we discuss the targets of existing and developing therapies used to treat these disease pathologies, classifying them into cell surface, intracellular, and extracellular categories. For each target discussed, we discuss drugs that are either the current standard of care, under development, or have indications for potential use. Finally, we discuss how novel technologies and tools can be used to take existing therapeutics to a new level of selectivity and potency against mast cells. EXPERT OPINION There are many broadly and very few selectively targeted therapeutics for mast cells in allergy and malignant disease. Combining existing targeting strategies with technology like nanoparticles will provide novel platforms to treat mast cell disease more selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton H. Rische
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel N. Thames
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Microbiolgy-Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Cooper N, Ghanima W, Hill QA, Nicolson PLR, Markovtsov V, Kessler C. Recent advances in understanding spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in human biology and disease, with a focus on fostamatinib. Platelets 2022; 34:2131751. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Cooper
- Clinical Reader in Immune Haematology and Honorary Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Waleed Ghanima
- Head of Research and Consultant Haematologist, Department of Hemato-oncology, Østfold Hospital, and Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quentin A Hill
- Consultant Haematologist, Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Phillip LR Nicolson
- Clinical Lecturer in Haematology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vadim Markovtsov
- Translational Biology, Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig Kessler
- Medicine and Pathology, Director, Division of Coagulation, Director, Cellular and Therapeutic Apheresis and Cellular Collection, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Hao Y, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. The role of Syk phosphorylation in Fc receptor mediated mIgM + B lymphocyte phagocytosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:462-471. [PMID: 36162778 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, and it mediates downstream signaling of FcR-mediated immune responses. Our previous work revealed that the expression of Syk was significantly up-regulated in flounder mIgM+ B lymphocytes after phagocytosis of antiserum-opsonized Edwardsiella tarda, which suggested Syk might be involved in Ig-opsonized phagocytosis. In this paper, phospho-Syk (pSyk) inhibitor was used to investigate the potential role of phosphorylated Syk in FcR-mediated phagocytosis of IgM+ B cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting showed that the level of phosphorylated Syk in the mIgM+ B lymphocytes treated with pSyk inhibitor was significantly lower compared to the control group after stimulation with flounder antiserum. Flow cytometry analysis showed that after 3 h incubation with antiserum-opsonized E. tarda, the phagocytosis rates of mIgM+ B lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen and head kidney pre-treated with pSyk inhibitor were 48.1%, 40.1% and 43.6% respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control groups with 58.7%, 53.2% and 57.4%, respectively. And likewise, after pSyk inhibitor treatment, the proportions of mIgM+ B lymphocytes with higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in peripheral blood, spleen and head kidney decreased to 15.2%, 12.0% and 12.1% from the control level of 26.5%, 25.9% and 26.3%, respectively. Moreover, the expression of three genes affected by pSyk, including phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) were found to be significantly down-regulated in pSyk inhibitor-treated mIgM+ B lymphocytes post phagocytosis. These results suggest that pSyk plays a key role in FcR-mediated phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of mIgM+ B lymphocytes, which promotes further understanding of the regulatory role of pSyk in teleost B cells phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Liu Q, Hua L, Bao C, Kong L, Hu J, Liu C, Li Z, Xu S, Liu X. Inhibition of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Restores Glucocorticoid Sensitivity to Improve Steroid-Resistant Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885053. [PMID: 35600871 PMCID: PMC9117698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation or restoration of therapeutic sensitivity to glucocorticoids is important in patients with steroid-resistant asthma. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is activated at high levels in asthma patients and mouse models, and small-molecule Syk inhibitors such as R406 show potent anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of immune inflammatory diseases. Several downstream signaling molecules of Syk are involved in the glucocorticoid response, so we hypothesized that R406 could restore sensitivity to dexamethasone in severe steroid-resistant asthma. Objective: To discover the role of the Syk inhibitor R406 in glucocorticoid resistance in severe asthma. Methods: Steroid-resistant asthma models were induced by exposure of C57BL/6 mice to house dust mite (HDM) and β-glucan and by TNF-α administration to the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. We evaluated the role of the Syk inhibitor R406 in dexamethasone (Dex)-insensitive airway inflammation. Pathological alterations and cytokines in the lung tissues and inflammatory cells in BALF were assessed. We examined the effects of Dex or R406 alone and in combination on the phosphorylation of MAPKs, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and Syk, as well as the transactivation and transrepression induced by Dex in mouse lung tissues and BEAS-2B cells. Results: Exposure to HDM and β-glucan induced steroid-resistant airway inflammation. The Syk inhibitor R406 plus Dex significantly reduced airway inflammation compared with Dex alone. Additionally, TNF-α-induced IL-8 production in BEAS-2B cells was not completely inhibited by Dex, while R406 markedly promoted the anti-inflammatory effect of Dex. Compared with Dex alone, R406 enhanced Dex-mediated inhibition of the phosphorylation of MAPKs and GR-Ser226 induced by allergens or TNF-α in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, R406 also restored the impaired expression and nuclear translocation of GRα induced by TNF-α. Then, the activation of NF-κB and decreased HDAC2 activity in the asthmatic model were further regulated by R406, as well as the expression of GILZ. Conclusions: The Syk inhibitor R406 improves sensitivity to dexamethasone by modulating GR. This study provides a reference for the development of drugs to treat severe steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luxia Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiannan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziling Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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