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Landreth K, Simanaviciute U, Fletcher J, Grayson B, Grant RA, Harte MH, Gigg J. Dissociating the effects of distraction and proactive interference on object memory through tests of novelty preference. Brain Neurosci Adv 2021; 5:23982128211003199. [PMID: 35392130 PMCID: PMC8981243 DOI: 10.1177/23982128211003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Encoding information into memory is sensitive to distraction while retrieving that memory may be compromised by proactive interference from pre-existing memories. These two debilitating effects are common in neuropsychiatric conditions, but modelling them preclinically to date is slow as it requires prolonged operant training. A step change would be the validation of functionally equivalent but fast, simple, high-throughput tasks based on spontaneous behaviour. Here, we show that spontaneous object preference testing meets these requirements in the subchronic phencyclidine rat model for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia. Subchronic phencyclidine rats show clear memory sensitivity to distraction in the standard novel object recognition task. However, due to this, standard novel object recognition task cannot assess proactive interference. Therefore, we compared subchronic phencyclidine performance in standard novel object recognition task to that using the continuous novel object recognition task, which offers minimal distraction, allowing disease-relevant memory deficits to be assessed directly. We first determined that subchronic phencyclidine treatment did not affect whisker movements during object exploration. Subchronic phencyclidine rats exhibited the expected distraction standard novel object recognition task effect but had intact performance on the first continuous novel object recognition task trial, effectively dissociating distraction using two novel object recognition task variants. In remaining continuous novel object recognition task trials, the cumulative discrimination index for subchronic phencyclidine rats was above chance throughout, but, importantly, their detection of object novelty was increasingly impaired relative to controls. We attribute this effect to the accumulation of proactive interference. This is the first demonstration that increased sensitivity to distraction and proactive interference, both key cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, can be dissociated in the subchronic phencyclidine rat using two variants of the same fast, simple, spontaneous object memory paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Landreth
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - U. Simanaviciute
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Fletcher
- Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B. Grayson
- Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R. A. Grant
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - M. H. Harte
- Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Gigg
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Siddi S, Preti A, Lara E, Brébion G, Vila R, Iglesias M, Cuevas-Esteban J, López-Carrilero R, Butjosa A, Haro JM. Comparison of the touch-screen and traditional versions of the Corsi block-tapping test in patients with psychosis and healthy controls. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:329. [PMID: 32576254 PMCID: PMC7313222 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) refers to the capacity system for temporary storage and processing of information, which is known to depend on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex. Impairment in working memory is a core cognitive deficit among individuals with psychotic disorders. The Corsi block-tapping test is a widely-used instrument to assess visuospatial working memory. The traditional version is composed of 9 square blocks positioned on a physical board. In recent years, the number of digital instruments has increased significantly; several advantages might derive from the use of a digital version of the Corsi test. METHODS This study aimed to compare the digital and traditional versions of the Corsi test in 45 patients with psychotic disorders and 45 healthy controls. Both groups completed a neuropsychological assessment involving attention and working memory divided into the two conditions. RESULTS Results were consistent between the traditional and digital versions of the Corsi test. The digital version, as well as the traditional version, can discriminate between patients with psychosis and healthy controls. Overall, patients performed worse with respect to the healthy comparison group. The traditional Corsi test was positively related to intelligence and verbal working memory, probably due to a more significant effort to execute the test. CONCLUSIONS The digital Corsi might be used to enhance clinical practice diagnosis and treatment.The digital version can be administered in a natural environment in real-time. Further, it is easy to administer while ensuring a standard procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Siddi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, SantBoi de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Preti
- Psychiatry Branch, Centro Medico Genneruxi, Cagliari, Italy ,grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elvira Lara
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411251.20000 0004 1767 647XDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gildas Brébion
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, SantBoi de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Vila
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, SantBoi de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Iglesias
- grid.411438.b0000 0004 1767 6330Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Jorge Cuevas-Esteban
- grid.411438.b0000 0004 1767 6330Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Raquel López-Carrilero
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, SantBoi de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Butjosa
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, SantBoi de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, SantBoi de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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