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Farrell R, Pascuzzi N, Chen YL, Kim M, Torres M, Gollahon L, Chen KHE. Prolactin Drives Iron Release from Macrophages and Uptake in Mammary Cancer Cells through CD44. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8941. [PMID: 39201626 PMCID: PMC11354873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for human health. In humans, dysregulated iron homeostasis can result in a variety of disorders and the development of cancers. Enhanced uptake, redistribution, and retention of iron in cancer cells have been suggested as an "iron addiction" pattern in cancer cells. This increased iron in cancer cells positively correlates with rapid tumor growth and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which forms the basis for tumor metastasis. However, the source of iron and the mechanisms cancer cells adopt to actively acquire iron is not well understood. In the present study, we report, for the first time, that the peptide hormone, prolactin, exhibits a novel function in regulating iron distribution, on top of its well-known pro-lactating role. When stimulated by prolactin, breast cancer cells increase CD44, a surface receptor mediating the endocytosis of hyaluronate-bound iron, resulting in the accumulation of iron in cancer cells. In contrast, macrophages, when treated by prolactin, express more ferroportin, the only iron exporter in cells, giving rise to net iron output. Interestingly, when co-culturing macrophages with pre-stained labile iron pools and cancer cells without any iron staining, in an iron free condition, we demonstrate direct iron flow from macrophages to cancer cells. As macrophages are one of the major iron-storage cells and it is known that macrophages infiltrate tumors and facilitate their progression, our work therefore presents a novel regulatory role of prolactin to drive iron flow, which provides new information on fine-tuning immune responses in tumor microenvironment and could potentially benefit the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan Farrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (R.F.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Nicholas Pascuzzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (R.F.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
| | - Mary Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (R.F.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Miguel Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (R.F.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (R.F.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Kuan-Hui Ethan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (R.F.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (L.G.)
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Elhashani S, Glenn M, Raymant M, Schmid MC, Mielgo A. Expression of versican isoforms V0/V1 by pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts increases fibroblast proliferation. Pancreatology 2024; 24:719-731. [PMID: 38719756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Versican is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan with four isoforms V0-3. Elevated V0/V1 levels in breast cancer and glioma regulate cell migration and proliferation, but the role of versican in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of versican isoforms, as well as their cellular source and interacting partners, in vivo, in human and mouse primary and metastatic PDAC tumours and in vitro, in pancreatic tumour cells and fibroblasts using immunostaining, confocal microscopy and qPCR techniques. We also investigated the effect of versican expression on fibroblast proliferation and migration using genetic and pharmacological approaches. RESULTS We found that versican V0/V1 is highly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in mouse and human primary and metastatic PDAC tumours. Our data also show that exposing fibroblasts to tumour-conditioned media upregulates V0 and V1 expressions, while Verbascoside (a CD44 inhibitor) downregulates V0/V1 expression. Importantly, V0/V1 knockdown significantly inhibits fibroblast proliferation. Mechanistically, we found that inhibiting hyaluronan synthesis does not affect versican co-localisation with CD44 in fibroblasts. CONCLUSION CAFs express high levels of versican V0/V1 in primary and liver metastatic PDAC tumours and versican V0/V1 supports fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Elhashani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Mark Glenn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Meirion Raymant
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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Chen R, Yang W, Sun J, Liu Y, An Q, Zhang F, Bai Z, Luan Q. Triple Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Based on Tri-Hyal Technique Has More Durable Effect on Dermal Renewal. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:691-701. [PMID: 35450398 PMCID: PMC9017695 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s362785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers are applied to treat facial wrinkles and volume loss. Many efforts have been made to improve properties of HA to prolong the duration in aesthetic indications. A new cross-linking technique called “Tri-Hyal”, could make HAs to achieve desired rheological characteristics. HAs synthesized by Tri-Hyal are triple cross-linked and sustained-release, which could increase duration of promoting skin rejuvenation after injection. Purpose To evaluate the efficiency and persistence of HAs with Tri-Hyal on skin rejuvenation and further investigate underlying mechanisms, we compared the performances of cross-linked HA (AF) based on Tri-Hyal with another highly acceptable HA filler (Res) in vivo and in vitro. Methods Male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups, treated with AF, Res and vehicle, respectively. Skin biopsies were taken on day 0, 30, 90 and 180 after injection and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome (MT), immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings for CD31, TGF-β and MMP9 were performed. EdU incorporation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), SA-β-Gal staining and activity were measured by biochemical analysis. RFP-GFP-LC3 adeno virus was used for autophagic flux detection. Protein levels of CD44, P62 and LC3I/II were detected by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA probe. Results The AF synthesized by Tri-Hyal showed persistent dermal structural correction without attenuation up to 6 months, which was illustrated by skin thickness, formation of elastic fibers and vascular density. Consistently, in fibroblasts the AF improved cell proliferation and slowed the senescent in vitro. Furthermore, it promoted cellular autophagy to reduce ROS level, which would account for its function in skin renewal. Conclusion The HA with Tri-Hyal could stimulate the production of extracellular matrix components more persistently than traditional HA fillers. In terms of mechanisms, it delayed senescence in dermal fibroblasts through reducing oxidative stress mediated by induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center of Medical Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing An
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Feijuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanli Bai
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Luan
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Kim Y, Park N, Rim YA, Nam Y, Jung H, Lee K, Ju JH. Establishment of a complex skin structure via layered co-culture of keratinocytes and fibroblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 30103800 PMCID: PMC6090613 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin is an organ that plays an important role as a physical barrier and has many other complex functions. Skin mimetics may be useful for studying the pathophysiology of diseases in vitro and for repairing lesions in vivo. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as a potential cell source for regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from CBMCs have great potential for allogenic regenerative medicine. Further study is needed on skin differentiation using CBMC-iPSCs. Methods Human iPSCs were generated from CBMCs by Sendai virus. CBMC-iPSCs were differentiated to fibroblasts and keratinocytes using embryonic body formation. To generate CBMC-iPSC-derived 3D skin organoid, CBMC-iPSC-derived fibroblasts were added into the insert of a Transwell plate and CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes were seeded onto the fibroblast layer. Transplantation of 3D skin organoid was performed by the tie-over dressing method. Results Epidermal and dermal layers were developed using keratinocytes and fibroblasts differentiated from cord blood-derived human iPSCs, respectively. A complex 3D skin organoid was generated by overlaying the epidermal layer onto the dermal layer. A humanized skin model was generated by transplanting this human skin organoid into SCID mice and effectively healed skin lesions. Conclusions This study reveals that a human skin organoid generated using CBMC iPSCs is a novel tool for in-vitro and in-vivo dermatologic research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0958-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Kim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Park
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Lee
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Shah KN, Ditto AJ, Crowder DC, Overmeyer JH, Tavana H, Maltese WA, Yun YH. Receptor-Mediated Attachment and Uptake of Hyaluronan Conjugates by Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3968-3977. [PMID: 28981299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, a mainstay modality for cancer, is often hindered by systemic toxicity and side effects. With the emergence of nanomedicine, the development of drug therapy has shifted toward targeted therapy. Hyaluronan (HA) is an ideal molecule as a targeted delivery system because many carcinomas overexpress HA receptors. We have conjugated resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, and 3-(5-methoxy, 2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (MOMIPP), a chalcone, to HA with the goal of enhancing drug bioavailability and targeting triple negative breast cancers. We demonstrate the ability of HA conjugates to accumulate in the tumor interstitium within 6 h after tail vein injections. In vitro, these conjugates interact with their target receptors, which are overexpressed by triple negative breast cancer cells under static and physiological flow. These interactions result in enhanced uptake and efficacy of the therapeutic, as demonstrated by a reduced IC50 over that of nonconjugated drugs. Thus, HA offers a platform to solubilize, target, and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush N Shah
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Andrew J Ditto
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Douglas C Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44016, United States
| | - Jean H Overmeyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | | | - William A Maltese
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
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Yen CY, Huang CY, Hou MF, Yang YH, Chang CH, Huang HW, Chen CH, Chang HW. Evaluating the performance of fibronectin 1 (FN1), integrin α4β1 (ITGA4), syndecan-2 (SDC2), and glycoprotein CD44 as the potential biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Biomarkers 2012; 18:63-72. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.737025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pasquinelli G, Foroni L, Papadopoulos F, Dicandia L, Bisceglia M. Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma: Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Analysis of a Case, with Literature Review. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 33:293-301. [DOI: 10.3109/01913120903359768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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