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Xie J, Liu M, Ding S, Zhong Z, Zeng S, Liu A, He S, Zhou J. Attitudes toward depression among rural primary healthcare providers in hunan areas, China: a cross sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:226. [PMID: 37038143 PMCID: PMC10088272 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health services are not sufficient for depression patients in rural areas of China, training in mental health knowledge for primary healthcare providers has been encouraged, but the effect of this encouragement has rarely been reported. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in primary healthcare facilities that sought to include all the primary healthcare providers (registered physicians and nurses) in two cities in Hunan province, China by administering questionnaires that covered depression symptoms, typical depression cases, and the Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 315 primary healthcare providers agreed to participate in the study and finished the questionnaires, of which 12.1% had training in depression. In addition, 62.9% of the rural primary healthcare providers were able to recognize most general depression symptoms, and 8.3% were able to recognize all general depression symptoms. The primary healthcare providers in the survey held a neutral to slightly negative attitude towards depression as indicated by their professional confidence (mean scores 16.51 ± 4.30), therapeutic optimism/pessimism (mean scores 29.02 ± 5.98), and general perspective (mean scores 18.12 ± 3.12) scores. Fewer rural primary healthcare providers knew (28.3%) or applied (2.9%) psychological intervention in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that primary healthcare providers knew about general depression symptoms, but lacked psychological intervention skills and held low confidence in and pessimistic attitudes toward depression care. We therefore speculate that existing psychological training for primary healthcare providers is insufficient in quantity and quality, making the need to explore more effective types of training urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xie
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Siqing Ding
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhong
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sainan Zeng
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiwen He
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Zhou S, Li K, Ogihara A, Wang X. Association between social capital and depression among older adults of different genders: Evidence from Hangzhou, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:863574. [PMID: 36033749 PMCID: PMC9412187 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.863574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, it is critical to help older adults cope with depression due to the emerging impacts of factors such as increased life expectancy and the "one-child" family planning policy. Meanwhile, differences in retirement age have different effects on health in older adults of different gender. The relationship of gender differences in social capital and depression across the elderly population was unclear. Focusing on this demographic, this study conducted a telephone survey to explore the relationship between social capital and depression. Referring to electronic medical records, we randomly selected 1,042 elderly respondents (426 men, 616 women) from four areas in Hangzhou. We used social capital measurements and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) to assess social capital and depression, respectively, then employed a multivariate logistic regression and structural equation modeling to examine the associations between factors, along with a consideration of gender. This study was discovered that differences in both income and morbidity contributed to differences in social capital and depression. In our sample of elderly respondents, we also found gender-based differences in cognitive and structural social capital. Compared to men, women were more likely to attain higher social capital and less likely to develop depression. At the same time, social networking and social engagement had negative impacts on depression in women, which was not the case for men. We found that lower reciprocity (men and women), social work (men), and trust (women) indicated higher risks of depression. Reciprocity and social networks were significantly and negatively correlated with depression among male respondents; in the male model, factors of trust, reciprocity, and social participation had positive effects on reducing the risk of depression, while social networks had a negative effect. For elderly persons, these findings suggest that mental health is affected by differences in social capital caused by policy differences and cultural differences caused by gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Atsushi Ogihara
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Welfare, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohe Wang
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