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Ibáñez A, Zimerman M, Sedeño L, Lori N, Rapacioli M, Cardona JF, Suarez DMA, Herrera E, García AM, Manes F. Early bilateral and massive compromise of the frontal lobes. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:543-552. [PMID: 29845003 PMCID: PMC5964834 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The frontal lobes are one of the most complex brain structures involved in both domain-general and specific functions. The goal of this work was to assess the anatomical and cognitive affectations from a unique case with massive bilateral frontal affectation. We report the case of GC, an eight-year old child with nearly complete affectation of bilateral frontal structures and spared temporal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellar regions. We performed behavioral, neuropsychological, and imaging (MRI, DTI, fMRI) evaluations. Neurological and neuropsychological examinations revealed a mixed pattern of affected (executive control/abstraction capacity) and considerably preserved (consciousness, language, memory, spatial orientation, and socio-emotional) functions. Both structural (DTI) and functional (fMRI) connectivity evidenced abnormal anterior connections of the amygdala and parietal networks. In addition, brain structural connectivity analysis revealed almost complete loss of frontal connections, with atypical temporo-posterior pathways. Similarly, functional connectivity showed an aberrant frontoparietal network and relative preservation of the posterior part of the default mode network and the visual network. We discuss this multilevel pattern of behavioral, structural, and functional connectivity results. With its unique pattern of compromised and preserved structures and functions, this exceptional case offers new constraints and challenges for neurocognitive theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ibáñez
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), Sydney, Australia.
| | - Máximo Zimerman
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Lori
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Neuroscience (LANEN), Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Melina Rapacioli
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan F Cardona
- Instituto de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Eduar Herrera
- Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adolfo M García
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Telencephalic Flexure and Malformations of the Lateral Cerebral (Sylvian) Fissure. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 63:23-38. [PMID: 27590993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
After sagittal division of the prosencephalon at 4.5 weeks of gestation, the early fetal cerebral hemisphere bends or rotates posteroventrally from seven weeks of gestation. The posterior pole of the telencephalon thus becomes not the occipital but the temporal lobe as the telencephalic flexure forms the operculum and finally the lateral cerebral or Sylvian fissure. The ventral part is infolded to become the insula. The frontal and temporal lips of the Sylvian fissure, as well as the insula, all derive from the ventral margin of the primitive telencephalon, hence may be influenced by genetic mutations with a ventrodorsal gradient of expression. The telencephalic flexure also contributes to a shift of the hippocampus from a dorsal to a ventral position, the early rostral pole of the hippocampus becoming caudal and dorsal becoming ventral. The occipital horn is the most recent recess of the lateral ventricle, hence most vulnerable to anatomic variations that affect the calcarine fissure. Many major malformations include lack of telencephalic flexure (holoprosencephaly, extreme micrencephaly) or dysplastic Sylvian fissure (lissencephalies, hemimegalencephaly, schizencephaly). Although fissures and sulci are genetically programmed, mechanical forces of growth and volume expansion are proposed to be mainly extrinsic (including ventricles) for fissures and intrinsic for sulci. In fetal hydrocephalus, the telencephalic flexure is less affected because ventricular dilatation occurs later in gestation. Flexures can be detected prenatally by ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging and should be described neuropathologically in cerebral malformations.
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Pintore MD, Cantile C. Semilobar Holoprosencephaly Associated with Multiple Malformations in a Foal. Anat Histol Embryol 2015; 45:148-53. [PMID: 25712180 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A full-term male foal born in a farm holidays in Maremma (Tuscany, Italy) was euthanized shortly after birth due to the presence of several malformations. The rostral maxilla and the nasal septum were deviated to the right (wry nose), and a severe cervico-thoracic scoliosis and anus atresia were evident. Necropsy revealed ileum atresia and agenesis of the right kidney. The brain showed an incomplete separation of the hemispheres of the rostral third of the forebrain and the olfactory bulbs and tracts were absent (olfactory aplasia). A diagnosis of semilobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) was achieved. This is the first case of semilobar HPE associated with other organ anomalies in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pintore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - C Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Kovac ML, Simeonsson RJ. Agenesis of the corpus callosum: classifying functional manifestations with the ICF-CY. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:1120-7. [PMID: 24261455 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.833299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a congenital condition in which the corpus callosum fails to develop fully. In the literature, ACC has been broadly conceptualized and inconsistently described. This article demonstrates how the universal language of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth can increase the specificity with which researchers and clinicians describe the variable manifestations of ACC. METHODS The database for this article was based on a review of 83 studies on developmental and neuropsychological manifestations of congenital ACC in children and adolescents. First, the extent to which the findings on ACC could be documented using the taxonomic codes in the ICF-CY was examined. Next, the findings from each study were mapped onto the ICF-CY to summarize the distribution of clinical features reported in the literature. RESULTS There was a high degree of correspondence between the reported findings and the taxonomic codes of the ICF-CY. The distribution of clinical features was discussed. CONCLUSIONS This taxonomic application advances the ICF-CY as a common language for researchers and clinicians who work with children who have ACC. Implications for Rehabilitation Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a condition that has been broadly conceptualized and inconsistently described in research and practice. The variable clinical manifestations of children with ACC can be most effectively described using the ICF-CY. The application of the ICF-CY to conditions with highly variable clinical manifestations, like ACC, positively impacts research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Kovac
- School Psychology Program, School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
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