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Scandola M, Pietroni G, Landuzzi G, Polati E, Schweiger V, Moro V. Bodily Illusions and Motor Imagery in Fibromyalgia. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:798912. [PMID: 35126075 PMCID: PMC8811121 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.798912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterised by chronic, continuous, widespread pain, often associated with a sense of fatigue, non-restorative sleep and physical exhaustion. Due to the nature of this condition and the absence of other neurological issues potentially able to induce disorders in body representations per se, it represents a perfect model since it provides an opportunity to study the relationship between pain and the bodily self. Corporeal illusions were investigated in 60 participants with or without a diagnosis of FM by means of an ad hoc devised interview. In addition, motor imagery was investigated and illusions relating to body part movements and changes in body size, feelings of alienness, and sensations of body parts not belonging to one's own body (disownership and somatoparaphrenic-like sensations) were found. Crucially, these symptoms do not correlate with any of the clinical measures of pain or functional deficits. The results showed that motor imagery was also impaired, and the severity of the deficits found correlated with the functional impairment of the participant. This indicates that disorders in body representations and motor imagery are part of the clinical expression of FM. However, while motor imagery seems to be linked to reduced autonomy and functional deficits, bodily illusions are independent and potentially represent a concurrent symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pietroni
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Polati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Schweiger
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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McIntyre A, Sadowsky C, Behrman A, Martin R, Augutis M, Cassidy C, Betz R, Ertzgaard P, Mulcahey MJ. A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature for Rehabilitation/Habilitation Among Individuals With Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2022; 28:13-90. [PMID: 35521053 PMCID: PMC9009193 DOI: 10.46292/sci21-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To conduct a systematic review to examine the scientific literature for rehabilitation/habilitation among individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A literature search of multiple databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO) was conducted and was filtered to include studies involving humans, published as full-length articles up to December 2020, and in English. Included studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) ≥50% of the study sample had experienced a traumatic, acquired, nonprogressive spinal cord injury (SCI) or a nontraumatic, acquired, noncongenital SCI; (2) SCI onset occurred at ≤21 years of age; and (3) sample was assessed for a rehabilitation/habilitation-related topic. Studies were assigned a level of evidence using an adapted Sackett scale modified down to five levels. Data extracted from each study included author(s), year of publication, country of origin, study design, subject characteristics, rehabilitation/habilitation topic area, intervention (if applicable), and outcome measures. Results One hundred seventy-six studies were included for review (1974-2020) with the majority originating from the United States (81.3%). Most studies were noninterventional observational studies (n = 100; 56.8%) or noninterventional case report studies (n = 5; 2.8%). Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 3172 with a median of 26 (interquartile range [IQR], 116.5). Rehabilitation/habilitation topics were categorized by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF); most studies evaluated ICF Body Function. There were 69 unique clinical health outcome measures reported. Conclusion The evidence for rehabilitation/habilitation of pediatric-onset SCI is extremely limited; nearly all studies (98%) are level 4-5 evidence. Future studies across several domains should be conducted with novel approaches to research design to alleviate issues related to sample sizes and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda McIntyre
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, London, Canada
| | - Cristina Sadowsky
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
,International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea Behrman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
,Kosair Charities Center for Pediatric Neurorecovery, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
,International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marika Augutis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Caitlin Cassidy
- St. Joseph’s Health Care London, Parkwood Institute, London, Canada
| | - Randal Betz
- Institute for Spine and Scoliosis, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
,Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Per Ertzgaard
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - MJ Mulcahey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Woodbury, New Jersey
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Scandola M, Aglioti SM, Lazzeri G, Avesani R, Ionta S, Moro V. Visuo-motor and interoceptive influences on peripersonal space representation following spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5162. [PMID: 32198431 PMCID: PMC7083926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS) representation is modulated by information coming from the body. In paraplegic individuals, whose lower limb sensory-motor functions are impaired or completely lost, the representation of PPS around the feet is reduced. However, passive motion can have short-term restorative effects. What remains unclear is the mechanisms underlying this recovery, in particular with regard to the contribution of visual and motor feedback and of interoception. Using virtual reality technology, we dissociated the motor and visual feedback during passive motion in paraplegics with complete and incomplete lesions and in healthy controls. The results show that in the case of paraplegics, the presence of motor feedback was necessary for the recovery of PPS representation, both when the motor feedback was congruent and when it was incongruent with the visual feedback. In contrast, visuo-motor incongruence led to an inhibition of PPS representation in the control group. There were no differences in sympathetic responses between the three groups. Nevertheless, in individuals with incomplete lesions, greater interoceptive sensitivity was associated with a better representation of PPS around the feet in the visuo-motor incongruent conditions. These results shed new light on the modulation of PPS representation, and demonstrate the importance of residual motor feedback and its integration with other bodily information in maintaining space representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renato Avesani
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCSS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye; Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Baumard J, Osiurak F. Is Bodily Experience an Epiphenomenon of Multisensory Integration and Cognition? Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:316. [PMID: 31572151 PMCID: PMC6749066 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratory for the Study of Cognitive Mechanisms (EA 3082), University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,French University Institute, Paris, France
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Scandola M, Dodoni L, Lazzeri G, Arcangeli CA, Avesani R, Moro V, Ionta S. Neurocognitive Benefits of Physiotherapy for Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2028-2035. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology Verona (NPSY-Lab.VR), Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dodoni
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sacro Cuore–Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Renato Avesani
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sacro Cuore–Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology Verona (NPSY-Lab.VR), Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology–University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
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