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Tarantino G, Cataldi M, Citro V. Could Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on Junk Foods Inducing Obesity and/or Illicit Drug Use Represent Danger to Liver in Young People with Altered Psychological/Relational Spheres or Emotional Problems? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810406. [PMID: 36142317 PMCID: PMC9499369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data show that young people, mainly due to the pressure of some risk factors or due to disrupted interpersonal relationships, utilise greater reward value and display greater sensitivity to the reinforcing properties of “pleasurable stimuli”, specifically in those situations in which an enhanced dopamine release is present. Alcoholic beverages, foods rich in sugar and fat, and illicit drug use are pleasurable feelings associated with rewards. Research shows that there is a link between substance abuse and obesity in brain functioning. Still, alcohol excess is central in leading to obesity and obesity-related morbidities, such as hepatic steatosis, mainly when associated with illicit drug dependence and negative eating behaviours in young people. It is ascertained that long-term drinking causes mental damage, similarly to drug abuse, but also affects liver function. Indeed, beyond the pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol with drugs, occurring in the liver due to the same metabolic enzymes, there are also pharmacodynamic interactions of both substances in the CNS. To complicate matters, an important noxious effect of junk foods consists of inducing obesity and obesity-related NAFLD. In this review, we focus on some key mechanisms underlying the impact of these addictions on the liver, as well as those on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
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Krakowczyk H, Szczepańska M, Wróblowska-Grzonka U, Gajewska-Ormińska K, Ziora K, Machura E. Diagnostic difficulties in the diagnosis of high acute-phase proteins levels in a teenage drug addicted female patient. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:509. [PMID: 35902840 PMCID: PMC9330923 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth drug addiction is a significant social and health problem. Symptoms of the disease include a number of neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. Possible hormonal disorders and dysregulation of the immune system could also occur. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of a teenage patient with multiple diseases such as esophagitis, allergic disease, and numerous behavioral disorders leading to: self-injury of the body, suicide attempts by drugs overdosing, and experimentation with various psychoactive substances (morphine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, codeine). She was also diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A few hours before the admission to the ward, the patient had an intravenous injection of drugs. Toxicological tests confirmed the presence of amphetamine, ecstasy and opioids in the blood and urine. Laboratory tests revealed extremely increased inflammatory parameters, leucopenia, increased levels of IgG, IgA and IgE (total) immunoglobulins, low concentration of vitamin D. Bacteriological examinations were negative. General condition of the patient got better very quickly, antibiotic therapy was abandoned on the 4th day. It was concluded that the cause of the elevated concentration of acute-phase proteins was most likely caused by intoxication with psychoactive drugs. CONCLUSIONS The discussed case shows the difficulties of differential diagnosis in a teenage patient struggling with many diseases, who has been abusing drugs for several years. Increased inflammatory parameters in the form of an raised PCT, CRP, NLR, PLR values may be caused by many factors. In adolescents who frequently experiment with psychoactive substances, such cause of these disturbances should also be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Krakowczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Ziora
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Edyta Machura
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Assis MA, Carranza PG, Ambrosio E. A "Drug-Dependent" Immune System Can Compromise Protection against Infection: The Relationships between Psychostimulants and HIV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050722. [PMID: 33919273 PMCID: PMC8143316 DOI: 10.3390/v13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use is a major comorbidity in people living with HIV, which was initially explained by them adopting risky behaviors that facilitate HIV transmission. However, the effects of drug use on the immune system might also influence this phenomenon. Psychostimulants act on peripheral immune cells even before they reach the central nervous system (CNS) and their effects on immunity are likely to influence HIV infection. Beyond their canonical activities, classic neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are expressed by peripheral immune cells (e.g., dopamine and enkephalins), which display immunomodulatory properties and could be influenced by psychostimulants. Immune receptors, like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on microglia, are modulated by cocaine and amphetamine exposure. Since peripheral immunocytes also express TLRs, they may be similarly affected by psychostimulants. In this review, we will summarize how psychostimulants are currently thought to influence peripheral immunity, mainly focusing on catecholamines, enkephalins and TLR4, and shed light on how these drugs might affect HIV infection. We will try to shift from the classic CNS perspective and adopt a more holistic view, addressing the potential impact of psychostimulants on the peripheral immune system and how their systemic effects could influence HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Assis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Akhter H, Aziz F, Ullah FR, Ahsan M, Islam SN. Immunoglobulins content in colostrum, transitional and mature milk of Bangladeshi mothers: Influence of parity and sociodemographic characteristics. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2021; 24:8-15. [PMID: 33548166 PMCID: PMC8258836 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20202403.2032.d-20-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The study investigated the concentration of IgA, IgM and IgG in colostrum, transitional and mature milk and the effect of parity, age, BMI and family income on secreted immunoglobulin contents of human milk. Methods Sequential samples of colostrum, transitional and mature milk were collected from 38 women. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used to analyse the immunoglobulin concentrations. Results The study revealed that IgA was the dominant immunoglobulin and mean concentration in colostrum, transitional and mature milk was 5.92 ± 1.50 g/L, 3.85 ± 0.64 g/L and 3.72 ± 0.68 g/L, respectively. Both IgA and IgM levels of colostrum decreased significantly in both transitional (P = 0.000) and mature milk (P = 0.000), while the concentration of IgG rises significantly in them (colostrum vs. transitional milk, P = 0.000; and colostrum vs. mature milk P = 0.011). While maternal age, BMI and family income had no significant influence on the immunoglobulin levels at different stages of lactation, parity showed significant influence on IgG (P = 0.03) and IgM (P = 0.05) levels of transitional milk and IgA level of colostrum (P = 0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that immunoglobulin composition in breast milk is strongly associated with stage of lactation and is likely to be more susceptible to parity than BMI and socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashemi Akhter
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farina Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim R Ullah
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monira Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh N Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kamal MM, Aziz F, Islam MR, Ahsan M, Islam SN. Effect of immunonutritional status, healthcare factors, and lifestyle on acute respiratory infections among under-5 children in Bangladesh. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120940533. [PMID: 32695396 PMCID: PMC7350277 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120940533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory infection is a major cause of death for under-5 children in Bangladesh. We aimed to analyze the effect of immunonutritional status, healthcare factors, and lifestyle on the incidence of acute respiratory infection among under-5 children taking individual-level and contextual-level risk factors into consideration. METHODS This study recruited 200 children suffering from acute respiratory infection and 100 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and sociodemographic profile. Serum antioxidant vitamin A (retinol), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) were assessed along with the impact of vaccination, socioeconomic factors, and Z-score on the incidence of acute respiratory infection. RESULTS Serum antioxidant vitamins were significantly lower in the acute respiratory infection children compared to the non-acute respiratory infection group. Vitamin A was found to be significantly high in acute respiratory infection children who were breastfed for more than 1 year. Vitamin E levels were found to be significantly higher in the acute respiratory infection children who were immunized. Compared to the children living in tin-shed house or huts, serum vitamin E level increased in those acute respiratory infection children who resided in apartments. Vitamin A level was significantly high in those acute respiratory infection children whose height-for-age was -2 SD and above (Z-score), and vitamin C levels were also significantly high in those acute respiratory infection children whose weight-for-height was -2 SD and below (Z-score). CONCLUSION Deficiencies of antioxidant vitamins along with healthcare and lifestyle factors have a significant influence on the incidence of acute respiratory infection among under-5 children in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farina Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monira Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Nazrul Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of autoantibodies may be associated with the duration of drug use. In this study, we assessed the association between the duration of heroin dependence and various humoral immunologic indicators, including IgA, IgG, IgM, complement component 3, complement component 4, rheumatoid factor, anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 (IgA, IgG, IgM), antinuclear antibody, circulating immune complexes, and cryoglobulins. METHODS A total of 363 patients with heroin dependence were enrolled in this cross-sectional and prospective study over a 3.5-year period. Depending on the duration of heroin use, participants were divided into 3 groups: up to 3 years, 4 to 7 years, and more than 7 years of heroin dependence. All patients were analyzed for the indicators. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the duration of heroin dependence and increased concentration of IgA (P = 0.0000), IgG (P = 0.0000), IgM (P = 0.0001), complement component 3 (P = 0.042), rheumatoid factor (P = 0.0001), anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 (IgA, P = 0.0098; IgG, P = 0.0000; IgM, P = 0.0000), the presence of antinuclear antibody (P = 0.01) and cryoglobulins (P = 0.0000), and decreased concentration of complement component 4 (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in circulating immune complex concentration (P = 0.097). CONCLUSIONS A longer duration of heroin dependence was associated with increased concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, complement component 3, rheumatoid factor, anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 (IgA, IgG, IgM), presence of antinuclear antibodies and cryoglobulins, and decreased concentrations of complement component 4, but there was no influence on circulating immune complex values.
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Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1010:169-202. [PMID: 29098673 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An optimal biochemical marker for addiction would be some easily traced molecules in body specimens, which indicates indulgent addictive behaviors, or susceptibility to certain addictive stimuli. In this chapter, we discussed existing literature about possible biomarkers, and classified them into three categories: origin forms and metabolites of substances, markers from biochemical responses to certain addiction, and genetic and epigenetic biomarkers suggesting susceptibility to addiction. In every category, we examined studies concerning certain type of addiction one by one, with focuses mainly on opiates, psychostimulants, and pathological gambling. Several promising molecules were highlighted, including those of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory factors, and indicators of vascular injury, and genetic and epigenetic biomarkers such as serum miRNAs. DNA methylation signatures and signal nucleotide polymorphism of candidate gene underlying the addiction.
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A Novel Targeted Screening Tool for Hypogammaglobulinemia: Measurement of Serum Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) Levels from Dried Blood Spots (Ig-DBS Assay). J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:573-82. [PMID: 26275445 PMCID: PMC4572045 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an assay to quantify serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels using dried blood spots (DBS) obtained on collection cards to be used as a tool for targeted screening for hypogammaglobulinemia. METHODS DBS samples, along with simultaneous serum samples, were collected from 107 healthy individuals (11 months to 57 years of age). After eluting proteins from DBS, IgG, IgM, and IgA were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Ig-DBS assay was validated through calibration curve performance, intra- and inter-assay precision, accuracy, specificity, selectivity, and linearity. The ELISA measurements were compared with serum Ig levels obtained using a standard nephelometry assay on serum samples collected simultaneously with the DBS samples and the results of the two assays were correlated. The stability of IgG, IgM, and IgA in the DBS was tested at room temperature, 36° to 38 °C, 2 to 8 °C, and -25 to -40 °C, from 4 to 14 days. RESULTS The Ig-DBS assay demonstrated precision, accuracy, specificity, selectivity, and linearity. Using the identified correlation coefficients of 0.834 for IgG, 0.789 for IgM, and 0.918 for IgA, the standard nephelometry-based normal reference ranges for all 3 serum Ig isotypes could be used with the Ig-DBS assay in individuals ≥16 years of age. The DBS samples were stable for 14 days at room temperature in a closed polyethylene bag. CONCLUSIONS The Ig-DBS assay is both sensitive and accurate for quantification of serum immunoglobulins. Samples are sufficiently stable at ambient temperature to allow for convenient shipping and analysis at a centralized laboratory. This assay therefore presents a new option for screening patients ≥16 years of age for hypogammaglobulinemia in any setting.
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Effects of orally administered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on growth performance and jejunal mucosal membrane integrity, morphology, immune parameters and antioxidant capacity in early weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grape seed extract supplementation attenuates the heat stress-induced responses of jejunum epithelial cells in Simmental × Qinchuan steers. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:347-57. [PMID: 24846452 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed extract (GSE), a rich source of polyphenols, is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The objective of the present study was to determine whether GSE could attenuate the heat stress-induced responses of jejunum epithelial cells (JEC) in cattle. The JEC of a steer (Simmental × Qinchuan) were exposed to heat stress for 2 h in the absence (0 μg/ml) or presence (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml) of GSE in the culture medium. When cultured at 40°C, JEC supplemented with GSE exhibited increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P= 0·04), viability (P= 0·004), and mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF; P= 0·03) and EGF receptor (EGFR; P = 0·01). Under the same conditions, the cells exhibited decreased mRNA expression of IL-8 (P= 0·01) and TNF-α (P= 0·03) and decreased protein concentrations of IL-1β (P= 0·02), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; P= 0·04) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70; P< 0·001). When cultured at 43°C, JEC supplemented with GSE exhibited increased catalase activity (P= 0·04), viability (P< 0·001), and mRNA expression of EGF (P< 0·001) and EGFR (P< 0·001) and decreased protein concentrations of IL-1β (P< 0·001), TLR4 (P= 0·03) and HSP70 (P< 0·001), as well as mRNA expression of IL-8 (P< 0·001), TLR4 (P= 0·002) and TNF-α (P< 0·001). Temperature × GSE concentration interactions were also observed for the concentrations of IL-1β (P< 0·001), IL-8 (P< 0·001), TNF-α (P= 0·01) and HSP70 (P= 0·04) and viability (P< 0·001) of JEC. The results of the present study indicate that GSE can attenuate the responses of JEC induced by heat stress within a certain range of temperatures.
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Hossain KJ, Akter N, Kamal M, Mandal MC, Aktharuzzaman M. Screening for HIV among substance users undergoing detoxification. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 23:e1-5. [PMID: 23104757 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to investigate HIV infection among drug users. A total of 3538 drug users were, registered at the Outpatient Department of Central Drug Addiction Treatment Centre (CTC), Tejgoan, Dhaka, from July 2007 to June 2008. Of them, 43.2% were residents of Dhaka City and the others (56.8%) were from the different districts of Bangladesh. Among them, 1196 were recruited consecutively following defined selection criteria. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed and blood specimens taken. Results showed that only 0.67% were HIV-seropositive. Their socioeconomic profile included 75.0% educated, 62.5% unemployed, age ranged from 30 to 50 years, and all were married. They used heroin primarily with other illicit substances used occasionally. They reported that needle sharing when using injection drugs was infrequent. Drug users had sex with multiple commercial sexual partners and did not use condoms during sex. While Bangladesh is in the midst of international drug-trafficking and drug-producing zones, and lies near high HIV prevalence countries, the country is in the embryonic stage of an HIV epidemic. Nationwide preventive measures are warranted in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Hossain
- Department of Health Education, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Mohakhali, Dhaka.
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Mannan SJ, Azad MAK, Ullah A, Al Maruf A, Rayha I, Ahsan MS, Hasnat A. Investigation of serum trace element, malondialdehyde and immune status in drug abuser patients undergoing detoxification. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:272-83. [PMID: 20390377 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug abuser patients (n=104), age ranging from 19 to 42 years, were randomly recruited to investigate the serum levels of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mg), malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) before and after clinical intervention. Control group also included 104 healthy individuals. Blood samples were analyzed for determining trace elements, MDA, and immunoglobulin using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and turbidimetry method, respectively. For serum level of Zn and Fe, the differences between the groups (before intervention, after intervention, and control) were not significant (p>0.05). However, significant differences were found in serum copper levels between control group, drug abuser patients, and before and after intervention (p<0.05). The concentration of Mg was found to be significantly higher (p=0.007) in drug abuser patients than the controls, and after intervention, the level was restored to control value. A displacement of elemental homeostasis was observed in drug abuser patients compared to control, and it was improved after intervention. An increase in serum concentration of MDA was found in drug abuser patients compared to control subjects (p>0.05) but was not statistically significant. After intervention, the concentration was restored to control value (p>0.05). The serum concentrations of IgA and IgM were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in drug abuser patients before intervention than the controls, and the level tended to be restored to control level after clinical intervention. Serum IgG level was found to be lower in drug abuser patients compared to controls and further declined significantly (p<0.05) after intervention. These findings may suggest a possible imbalance in the levels of micronutrients, antioxidants, and immunoglobulin in drug abuser patients, which tend to be restored to control values after detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Juhara Mannan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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A dopamine mechanism is implied in the acquisition and expression of amphetamine and stress-induced effects observed in the lymphocyte subpopulations. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 584:405-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Islam SKN, Ahmed L, Khan MNI, Huque S, Begum A, Yunus ABM. Immune components (IgA, IgM, IgG, immune cells) of colostrum of Bangladeshi mothers. Pediatr Int 2006; 48:543-8. [PMID: 17168971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2006.02291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colostrum is the first defense for neonates. It is rich in immune components including immunoglobulins and viable immune cells. In the present study, human colostrum collected from 105 postpartum mothers was analyzed for its IgA, IgM, IgG levels, and peripheral immune cells. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Immune cells were estimated by counting 200 cells. RESULTS IgA was the dominant immunoglobulin and ranged from 2.84 to 8.69 g/L (mean 5.61 g/L). Mean IgM and IgG concentrations were 0.4 g/L (0.16-0.66 g/L) and 0.095 g/L (0.04-0.15 g/L), respectively. Neutrophil-macrophage (neu-mac) predominated in cell count (59%) followed by lymphocyte-plasma cells (lymph-plasma; 40%). The influence of maternal nutritional status, age, parity and income levels on the colostral immunological factors was studied. No significant association could be traced for immunoglobulin content, suggesting that maternal characteristics do not have any bearing on the immunoglobulin content of colostrum. Mean value of eosinophils was found to be higher among the underweight than the normal mothers (F= 3.143, r=-0.101). Maternal age was positively correlated with eosinophil (F= 3.296, r= 0.162). Concentration of neu-mac had a positive significant correlation with parity (t=-2.07, r= 0.205), while it was negatively significant for lymphocyte-plasma cells (t= 2.073, r=-0.101). However, the correlation coefficients of the immunologic parameters with other maternal characteristics were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION Colostrum has enough humoral and cellular elements to protect babies. Therefore, immune protection derived from breastfeeding depends on the immunoglobulin level of the colostrum as well as the amount of colostrum ingested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nazrul Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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