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Gonçalves Barbosa JM, Machado Botelho AF, Santana da Silva RH, Ferreira de Almeida SS, Ferreira ER, Caetano David L, Alves Fortuna Lima D, Cavalcante E Silva T, Jorge da Cunha PH, Roberto Antoniosi Filho N. Identification of cattle poisoning by Bifenthrin via earwax analysis by HS/GC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5017. [PMID: 33125751 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of pyrethroids has increased over recent years, and corresponds to a higher exposure of animals to pesticide residues in the environment and diet. Here, an outbreak of pyrethroid poisoning in beef cattle was reported occurring in Midwestern Brazil. After veterinary evaluation, it was observed that the bovines presented common pyrethroid intoxication symptoms. Aiming to identify the cattle poising by pyrethroid, earwax samples were collected from two groups: exposed and nonexposed animals from the same farm. Blind earwax analyses of the bovines were carried out using headspace/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS). The HS/GC-MS analysis detected the presence of bifenthrin in the earwax analysis of the exposed animals, confirmed by the comparison of its MS fragments with a bifenthrin standard, and also by its retention time relative to the internal standard. In summary, HS/GC-MS analysis of earwax emerges as a tool that can be used in the detection and monitoring of bifenthrin poisoning in cattle, as a useful veterinary diagnosis that ensures animal health and the safety of their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Gonçalves Barbosa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Machado Botelho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Sueli Ferreira de Almeida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lurian Caetano David
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielly Alves Fortuna Lima
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Taynara Cavalcante E Silva
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Giray B, Hincal F. Fenvalerate induced hepatic oxidative stress in selenium- and/or iodine-deficient rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1575-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110393762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the potential adverse effects of selenium and iodine deficiencies, and frequency of intensive but improper use of insecticides, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of a pyrethroid insecticide, fenvalerate, on the oxidant/antioxidant status of liver using a rat model of iodine and/or selenium deficiency. The study was conducted on eight groups of 3-week old Wistar rats. Iodine and/or selenium deficiency was introduced by feeding the animals with a diet containing <0.005 mg selenium/kg and/or supplying with 1% sodium perchlorate containing drinking water for a period of 7 weeks. Fenvalerate exposure (100 mg/kg/d, i.p., for the last 7 days) in normal rats increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione content, but did not change the activities of catalase or any of the superoxide dismutase forms; in iodine-deficient animals caused only the elevation of lipid peroxidation; in selenium-deficient animals and in combined iodine/selenium deficiency decreased glutathione peroxidase, increased catalase activities and lipid peroxidation, and decreased all the forms of superoxide dismutase activity only in combined deficiency. These results suggested that fenvalerate is an oxidant stress inducer in rat liver, and its potential effects on pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance may also be important for human populations, particularly with iodine and/or selenium deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Giray
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Hincal
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tiwari MN, Singh AK, Ahmad I, Upadhyay G, Singh D, Patel DK, Singh C, Prakash O, Singh MP. Effects of cypermethrin on monoamine transporters, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the rat nigrostriatal system. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1416-24. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.512041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Purine Bases Oxidation and Repair Following Permethrin Insecticide Treatment in Rat Heart Cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 10:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kocaman AY, Topaktaş M. Genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid and alpha-cypermethrin on chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:157-168. [PMID: 19319990 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid (Acm, neonicotinoid insecticide) and alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp, pyrethroid insecticide) on human peripheral lymphocytes were examined in vitro by chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human peripheral lymphocytes were treated with 12.5 + 2.5, 15 + 5, 17.5 + 7.5, and 20 + 10 microg/mL of Acm+alpha-cyp, respectively, for 24 and 48 h. The mixture of Acm+alpha-cyp induced the CAs and SCEs at all concentrations and treatment times when compared with both the control and solvent control and these increases were concentration-dependent in both treatment times. MN formation was significantly induced at 12.5 + 2.5, 15 + 5, 17.5 + 7.5, microg/mL of Acm+alpha-cyp when compared with both controls although these increases were not concentration-dependent. Binuclear cells could not be detected sufficiently in the highest concentration of the mixture (20 + 10 microg/mL) for both the 24- and 48-h treatment times. Mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly decreased because of the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of the mixture, at all concentrations for two treatment periods. Significant decreases in MI and PI were concentration dependent at both treatment times. The decrease in NDI was also concentration-dependent at 48-h treatment period. In general, Acm+alpha-cyp inhibited nuclear division more than positive control, mitomycin C (MMC) and showed a higher cytostatic effect than MMC. Furthermore, in this article, the results of combined effects of Acm+alpha-cyp were compared with the results of single effects of Acm or alpha-cyp (Kocaman and Topaktas,2007,2009, respectively). In conclusion, the particular mixture of Acm+alpha-cyp synergistically induced the genotoxicity/cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
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Kale M, Rathore N, John S, Bhatnagar D, Nayyar S, Kothari V. The Protective Effect of Vitamin E in Pyrethroid-induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13590849961500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kocaman AY, Topaktaş M. The in vitro genotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of alpha-cypermethrin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:27-36. [PMID: 19031422 DOI: 10.1002/em.20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Cypermethrin, a highly active pyrethroid insecticide, is effective against a wide range of insects encountered in agriculture and animal husbandry. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac 100 EC, containing 10% alpha-cypermethrin as the active ingredient) on human peripheral lymphocytes was examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human lymphocytes were treated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 microg/ml of alpha-cypermethrin for 24- and 48-hr. alpha-Cypermethrin induced SCEs and CAs significantly at all concentrations and treatment times and MN formation was significantly induced at 5 and 10 microg/ml of alpha-cypermethrin when compared with both the control and solvent control. Binuclear cells could not be detected sufficiently in the highest two concentration of alpha-cypermethrin (15 and 20 microg/ml) for both the 24- and 48-hr treatment times. alpha-Cypermethrin decreased the proliferation index (PI) at three high concentrations (10, 15, and 20 microg/ml) for both treatment periods as compared with the control groups. In addition, alpha-cypermethrin reduced both the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly at all concentrations for two treatment periods. The PI and MI were reduced by alpha-cypermethrin in a concentration-dependent manner during both treatment times. In general, alpha-cypermethrin showed higher cytotoxic and cytostatic effects than positive control (MMC) at the two highest concentrations for the 24- and 48-hr treatment periods. The present study is the first to report the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of commercial formulation of alpha-cypermethrin in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
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El-Zayat E, Rawi S, Ismail N. Delayed Effects of Acute Deltamethrin Toxicity on Brain and Blood Monoamines and Free Amino Acids: Therapeutic Role of Selenium-Supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2008.35.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Patel S, Pandey AK, Bajpayee M, Parmar D, Dhawan A. Cypermethrin-induced DNA damage in organs and tissues of the mouse: Evidence from the comet assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2006; 607:176-83. [PMID: 16765632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is the most widely used Type II pyrethroid pesticide because of its high effectiveness against target species and its low mammalian toxicity reported so far. It is a fast-acting neurotoxin and is known to cause free radical-mediated tissue damage. The present study investigates the genotoxic effects of cypermethrin in multiple organs (brain, kidney, liver, spleen) and tissues (bone marrow, lymphocytes) of the mouse, using the alkaline comet assay. Male Swiss albino mice were given 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW of cypermethrin intraperitoneally, daily for 5 consecutive days. A statistically significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent increase in DNA damage was observed in all the organs assessed, as evident from the comet-assay parameters, viz., Olive tail moment (OTM; arbitrary unit), tail DNA (%) and tail length (microm). Brain showed maximum DNA damage followed by spleen>kidney>bone marrow>liver>lymphocytes, as evident by the OTM. Our data demonstrate that cypermethrin induces systemic genotoxicity in mammals as it causes DNA damage in vital organs like brain, liver, kidney, apart from that in the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Patel
- Developmental Toxicology Section, Predictive Toxicology Group, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Giray B, Gürbay A, Hincal F. Cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress in rat brain and liver is prevented by vitamin E or allopurinol. Toxicol Lett 2001; 118:139-46. [PMID: 11137320 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides, this study was designed to investigate the possibility of oxidative stress induction by cypermethrin, a Type II pyrethroid. Either single (170 mg/kg) or repeated (75 mg/kg per day for 5 days) oral administration of cypermethrin was found to produce significant oxidative stress in cerebral and hepatic tissues of rats, as was evident by the elevation of the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both tissues, either 4 or 24 h after treatment. Much higher changes were observed in liver, increasing from a level of 60% at 4 h up to nearly 4 times the control at 24 h for single dose. Reduced levels (up to 20%) of total glutathione (total GSH), and elevation of conjugated dienes ( approximately 60% in liver by single dose at 4 h) also indicated the presence of an oxidative insult. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, however, did not differ from control values for any dose or at any time point in cerebral and hepatic tissues. Pretreatment of rats with allopurinol (100 mg/kg, ip) or Vitamin E (100 mg/kg per day, ig, for 3 days and a dose of 40 mg/kg on the 4th day) provided significant protection against the elevation of TBARS levels in cerebral and hepatic tissues, induced by single high dose of oral cypermethrin administration within 4 h. Thus, the results suggest that cypermethrin exposure of rats results in free radical-mediated tissue damage, as indicated by elevated cerebral and hepatic lipid peroxidation, which was prevented by allopurinol and Vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Giray
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hacettepe, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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