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Resnick B, Galik E, McPherson R, Boltz M, Van Haitsma K, Kolanowski A. Gender Differences in Disease, Function, and Behavioral Symptoms in Residents with Dementia. West J Nurs Res 2022; 44:812-821. [PMID: 34044668 PMCID: PMC8627520 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211018822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to consider gender differences in depressive symptoms, agitation, resistiveness to care, physical function, and use of psychotropic medications in older adults with moderate to severe dementia in nursing homes. Sixty-seven nursing homes and 889 residents from two states were included. The majority of the participants were female (n = 640, 72%) and White (n = 618, 70%) with a mean age of 86.58 years (SD = 10.31). Differences by gender with regard to age, physical function, depressive symptoms, agitation/aggression, and resistiveness to care were tested using multivariate analysis of variance. Older females with moderate to severe dementia present with more depressive symptoms (anxiety, sadness, and somatic complaints) than males. Males present with more aggressive behavior and are more likely to receive anticonvulsants. Caregivers should focus on preventing and managing depressive symptoms including anxiety, sadness, and somatic complaints among older females and aggressive behavior in older males with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Resnick
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Galik
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel McPherson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie Boltz
- School of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Ann Kolanowski
- School of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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2
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Health effects of loneliness and social isolation in older adults living in congregate long term care settings: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lem K, McGilton KS, Aelick K, Iaboni A, Babineau J, Hewitt Colborne D, Edwards C, Bretzlaff M, Lender D, Gibson JL, Bethell J. Social connection and physical health outcomes among long-term care home residents: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:722. [PMID: 34922469 PMCID: PMC8683818 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social connection is recognized as an important determinant of health and well-being. The negative health impacts of poor social connection have been reported in research in older adults, however, less is known about the health impacts for those living in long-term care (LTC) homes. This review seeks to identify and summarize existing research to address the question: what is known from the literature about the association between social connection and physical health outcomes for people living in LTC homes? METHODS A scoping review guided by the Arksey & O'Malley framework was conducted. Articles were included if they examined the association between social connection and a physical health outcome in a population of LTC residents. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included in this review. The most commonly studied aspects of social connection were social engagement (n = 14; 41%) and social support (n = 10; 29%). A range of physical health outcomes were assessed, including mortality, self-rated health, sleep, fatigue, nutrition, hydration, stress, frailty and others. Findings generally support the positive impact of social connection for physical health among LTC residents. However, most of the studies were cross-sectional (n = 21; 62%) and, of the eleven cohort studies, most (n = 8; 73%) assessed mortality as the outcome. 47% (n = 16) were published from 2015 onwards. CONCLUSIONS Research has reported positive associations between social connection and a range of physical health outcomes among LTC residents. These findings suggest an important role for social connection in promoting physical health. However, further research is needed to consider the influence of different aspects of social connection over time and in different populations within LTC homes as well as the mechanisms underlying the relationship with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Lem
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine S McGilton
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katelynn Aelick
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Iaboni
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Babineau
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Debbie Hewitt Colborne
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Monica Bretzlaff
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Dee Lender
- Ontario Association of Residents' Councils, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - Josie-Lee Gibson
- Ontario Association of Residents' Councils, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bethell
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Bethell J, O'Rourke HM, Eagleson H, Gaetano D, Hykaway W, McAiney C. Social Connection is Essential in Long-Term Care Homes: Considerations During COVID-19 and Beyond. Can Geriatr J 2021; 24:151-153. [PMID: 34079609 PMCID: PMC8137460 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.24.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has had a profound impact on long-term care (LTC) homes in Canada. But the measures put in place to control infection within LTC homes have also had devastating impacts on the health and well-being of residents through the effects on social connection. Here, we offer guiding principles to enable social connection and promote health and quality of life for LTC residents during COVID-19 and beyond. These principles were generated by a working group of the COVID-19 and Dementia Task Force, convened by the Alzheimer Society of Canada to identify the urgent and emerging issues raised by COVID-19 for Canadians with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bethell
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Heather Eagleson
- Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) Engagement of People with Lived Experience of Dementia Advisory Group (https://ccna-ccnv.ca/contact/)
| | - Daniel Gaetano
- Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) Engagement of People with Lived Experience of Dementia Advisory Group (https://ccna-ccnv.ca/contact/)
| | - Wayne Hykaway
- Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) Engagement of People with Lived Experience of Dementia Advisory Group (https://ccna-ccnv.ca/contact/)
| | - Carrie McAiney
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.,Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Bernard PL, Raffort N, Aliaga B, Gamon L, Faucanie M, Picot MC, Maurelli O, Soriteau L, Ninot G, Bousquet J, Blain H. Analysis of the health profiles and prevalence of falls for patients over 65 years of age in a thermal environment. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1713-1721. [PMID: 31667797 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A falls prevention programme has been initiated in balneotherapy at Balaruc-les-Bains. AIMS To determine the health profiles of subjects who are at risk of falls, over 65 years of age and attending balneotherapy. METHODS Questionnaires were used to evaluate people on their fear of falling. Fatigue was assessed by visual analog scale as well as by functional status over the past 12 months. EQ-5D-3L, the IPAQ questionnaire and Fried's frailty scale were all used. Patients' functional capabilities were tested using the Unipedal stance test, the TUG test, the SPPB, the Tandem walking test and the isometric manual grip strength test. RESULTS Out of the 1471 patients (72.45 years ± 5.10), the women (67%) were tested. In the last 12 months, 485 of these 1471 patients fell (33%) and 37% of them suffered a severe injury. 45-50% of these subjects are now in good health. Women had a significantly higher impaired perception of their health than men (0.02 < p < 0.0001). According to Fried's criteria, 10.2% of the population is considered frail, with a significantly greater number of women (p < 0.0001). Static equilibrium was subnormal (less than 12 s during the TUG). The number of steps in tandem position discriminates individuals and gender as does the speed of moving from A to B and muscular strength. CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of the subjects (more women than men) aged 65 or older visiting the Balaruc-les-Bains health resort are pre-frail or frail. They all have a recent history of falls, suffer from impaired muscle strength, and have balance and gait disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Bernard
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, Montpellier, France.
| | - N Raffort
- Société Publique Locale d'Exploitation of Balaruc-les-Bains, Balaruc-Les-Bains, France
| | - B Aliaga
- Société Publique Locale d'Exploitation of Balaruc-les-Bains, Balaruc-Les-Bains, France
| | - L Gamon
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - M Faucanie
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - M C Picot
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - O Maurelli
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, Montpellier, France
| | - L Soriteau
- Hospital of Bassin de Thau, Sète, France
| | - G Ninot
- EA 4556 Epsylon, University of Montpellier, 4 boulevard Henri IV, Montpellier, France
| | - J Bousquet
- MACVIA-LR, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging Reference Site, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - H Blain
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, Montpellier, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Antonin Balmes Center, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Sebastião E, Henert S, Siqueira VAAA. Physical Activity and Physical Function in Older Adults Living in a Retirement Community: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Focusing on Self-Rated Health. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 15:279-285. [PMID: 34025320 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620942720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived health is a widely used proxy for measuring individuals' health status across different populations, including older adults. This measure is commonly reported as a subjective indicator, as a strong predictor of longer-term morbidity and mortality, and as a method to identify high-risk groups with health needs. This study examined differences in physical activity (PA) and physical function (PF) among older adults living in a retirement community located in the Midwest region of the United States as a function of perceived health. Results suggest that older adults perceiving their health as excellent reported significantly higher PA and performed significantly better on PF assessments than those reporting it as good or fair. Programs focusing on increasing PA in older adults living in retirement communities should be considered as potential strategies to enhance the health and health perception of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Sebastião
- Health and Exercise Research Group, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois (ES, SH).,School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (VAAAS)
| | - Shaine Henert
- Health and Exercise Research Group, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois (ES, SH).,School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (VAAAS)
| | - Vitor Antonio Assis Alves Siqueira
- Health and Exercise Research Group, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois (ES, SH).,School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (VAAAS)
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Self-perceived general health among community-dwelling Portuguese older adults: do men and women differ? AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence on how gender intersects with relevant social constructs in later phases of life is scarce. This investigation examined gender inequalities in perceived health status (self-perceived general health; SPGH) by Portuguese elderly community-dwellers while considering psycho-social and socio-demographic determinants. This study used data from a representative sample of community-dwellers aged ≥65 years (N = 920), who were enrolled in the Portuguese Elderly Nutritional Status Surveillance System (PEN-3S) project. Associations between SPGH and socio-demographic and psycho-social variables, functionality and self-reported morbidity were tested; indirect effects of relevant predictors on SPGH were also tested using a bootstrap method. Gender inequalities in health were found: women significantly rated their health worse than men; overall, participants rated their health as fair. Education, functional status, depression symptoms and self-reported morbidity significantly predicted SPGH among women, whereas only the latter two were associated with SPGH among men. For both genders, depression was the strongest predictor of SPGH. Mediation analyses detected indirect effects of cognitive function and loneliness feelings on SPGH among older adults. Results herein provide insights on the predictive role of psycho-social variables on SPGH and support the need for considering the context when addressing the correlates of SPGH among Portuguese older adults. Altogether, these findings might support cost-effective interventions targeting the most vulnerable groups of the population to inequalities in health and its predictors.
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Wen Y, Liu C, Liao J, Yin Y, Wu D. Incidence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in 4 years of follow-up among mid-aged and elderly community-dwelling Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029529. [PMID: 31501114 PMCID: PMC6738713 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of depressive symptoms, and determine if baseline risk factors conferred a risk for incident depressive symptoms in nationally representative sample of mid-aged and elderly Chinese adults. DESIGN This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort from a nationally representative sample. SETTING Community samples were recruited from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A four-stage, stratified, cluster probability sampling strategy was used, which included 10 257 households with members aged 45 years or older and their spouse. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 533 participants free of depressive symptoms at baseline were identified, and 10 288 were re-examined in either the first and/or the second follow-up surveys. The current analysis was conducted among the 10 288 participants. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale short form. RESULTS The findings showed that the incidence of depressive symptoms in a 4-year follow-up was as high as 22.3%. The incidence was much higher in rural areas (25.7%) and in women (27.9%). Furthermore, participants with 1 hour longer of night-time sleep had a 10% lower risk of developing depressive symptoms. Compared with individuals who perceived their health status as poor, those who perceived their health status as excellent had a 62% lower risk of developing depressive symptoms. In addition, having diabetes (OR=1.19), chronic kidney disease (OR=1.32), chronic digestive disorders (OR=1.15) and arthritis (OR=1.43) at baseline increased the risk of depressive symptoms. However, baseline body mass index was not associated with the subsequent depressive symptoms in this population. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of developing an appropriate screening test to identify depressive symptoms for those who are vulnerable and ensure these individuals can receive early interventions for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqiong Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Psychiatric Research Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu and Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
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