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Zhang Y. Sense of Freedom in the Golden Years: Disentangling the Complex Ties Between Community Safety Concerns and Depressive Symptoms in Later Life. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:1728-1738. [PMID: 38652593 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241246495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the "Negative Spillover Effect"-a conceptual framework that highlights the correlation between older adults' community safety concerns and depressive symptoms. It explores the moderating influence of the sense of freedom in this relationship. Through the analysis of data from 3408 participants in the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey, employing a two-stage least squares regression approach, the study uncovers the intricate role of the sense of freedom in influencing the depressive symptoms of older adults based on their community safety concerns. The sense of freedom serves as a protective factor against the adverse psychological effects of community safety concerns when they are strong. However, this protective role diminishes when coupled with a low perception of the fair match between labor input and living condition rewards. The study underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating the negative spillover effect to foster sustainable and equitable community development. Reducing these adverse effects is essential for enhancing the mental health and well-being of the older demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Band-Winterstein T, Shulyaev K, Eisikovits Z. Rethinking Lifetime Abuse in Old Age. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:4020-4040. [PMID: 39254272 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241264533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Research on abuse is often piecemeal and focused on specific forms, populations, and social situations. As a result, these studies tend to ignore the web of abuse resulting from the interactive effects of various forms of abuse over the life course, together referred to as "lifetime abuse." An examination of abuse from the point of view of older adults is likely to provide a lifetime perspective based on linking child abuse to elder abuse over the life course and an assessment of its consequences. Despite the growing awareness and resulting body of knowledge regarding this phenomenon, proposed theoretical formulations about it remain limited. The present article aimed to conceptualize the multifaceted phenomenon of lifetime abuse and to gain a deeper perspective of the topic by understanding its dimensions, meanings, and experiences in older age, based on a critical review of empirical studies. A model is suggested, which can be useful for future exploration and understanding of lifetime abuse. Based on a critical review of previous studies, we suggest a theoretical framework of lifetime abuse from the perspective of older adults, identifying three key domains: (a) perception of time and life review in old age; (b) cumulative and interactive abusive life events; and (c) resilience versus vulnerability over the life course. We propose a heuristic model to explore and understand lifetime abuse. We believe our proposed model is open to reflection and elaboration and is intended to raise questions that could enhance the need for our understanding of lifetime abuse in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova Band-Winterstein
- The Minerva Center on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Ksenya Shulyaev
- The Minerva Center on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvi Eisikovits
- The Minerva Center on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), University of Haifa, Israel
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Schneible BK, Beer L, McDermott O, Mulhorn K, Shim M, Bradt J. Development of the Music Therapy in Transition to Long-Term Care Model. J Music Ther 2023; 60:435-462. [PMID: 37159914 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition to long-term care can be a challenging period for older adults, with high risk for negative outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and fear. However, music therapy has the potential to enhance related protective factors because it emphasizes individual strengths by leveraging culture-specific resources, facilitates relationships and a sense of belonging through joint music-making, and provides opportunities to process and make sense of one's experiences in the "new normal" through sharing of music-related emotions. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of older adult long-term care residents, their care team staff, and their music therapists to develop a conceptual framework for the role of music therapy in older adults' transition and adjustment to long-term care. A grounded theory approach was used to conceptualize this process. Interviews with 17 participants were transcribed and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. The resulting theoretical model describes a progression of qualities and benefits of music therapy that leads to residents "feeling their best self." Related categories include: Music therapy is accessible and engaging; Music therapy is personal and meaningful; Music therapy acts as a bridge to other resources; Music therapy facilitates transformation; and Music therapy facilitates community integration. This initial theoretical model provides a foundation for clinical assessment and interventions. Future research is needed for continued testing and refining this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Beer
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joke Bradt
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lima GS, Figueira ALG, de Carvalho EC, Kusumota L, Caldeira S. Resilience in Older People: A Concept Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2491. [PMID: 37761688 PMCID: PMC10531380 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Resilience has been presented as a potential protective factor to be promoted in difficult experiences in older people. However, further clarification of the concept of resilience for this population is required, as this is of critical interest for nursing care. (2) Aim: To develop the concept of resilience in older people to establish the elements that refer to the nursing outcome. Personal resilience (1309) from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), specifically in older people. (3) Methods: Concept analysis using Beth Rodgers' evolutionary model. The attributes, antecedents, consequents, and empirical elements were described in the integrative review, with searches in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, and Embase databases. A total of 2431 citations have been identified, and 110 studies were included. (4) Results: The concept of "resilience in older people" is composed of two attributes, available resources and positive behaviors, and is defined as positive attitudes of older people with the assistance of resources available from experiences of adversity. Conclusion: This analysis and concept development of resilience in older people provided sensitive indicators for nursing care in the context of adversity, considering available resources and with positive attitudes during this phase of life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santos Lima
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (A.L.G.F.); (E.C.d.C.); (L.K.)
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Laura Galhardo Figueira
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (A.L.G.F.); (E.C.d.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Emília Campos de Carvalho
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (A.L.G.F.); (E.C.d.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Luciana Kusumota
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (A.L.G.F.); (E.C.d.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Sílvia Caldeira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
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Lalani N, Dongjuan X, Cai Y, Arling GW. Structural equation model of coping and life satisfaction of community-dwelling older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:46. [PMID: 37195441 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 put older individuals at high risk for morbidity and mortality, isolation, reduced coping, and lower satisfaction with life. Many older adults experienced social isolation, fear, and anxiety. We hypothesized that successful coping with these stressors would maintain or improve satisfaction with life, a crucial psychological outcome during the pandemic. Our study investigated relationships between older people's coping and life satisfaction during the pandemic and their optimism, sense of mastery, closeness with spouse, family, and friends, and vulnerabilities from frailty, comorbid diseases, memory problems, and dependencies in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). METHODS The study was based on a special COVID-19 sample of 1351 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the 2020 Health and Retirement Survey. A comprehensive structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect effects, with life satisfaction as the main outcome and coping as a mediator between the other variables and coping. RESULTS Most survey respondents were female and between the ages of 65-74 years. They averaged 1.7 chronic conditions, one in seven was frail, about one-third rated their memory as fair or poor, and about one in seven reported one or more difficulties in IADL. As hypothesized-older people with increased sense of mastery and optimism were better able to cope and had greater life satisfaction. In addition, close relationships with friends and with other family members besides the spouse/partner or children contributed to more successful coping, while the interpersonal closeness of all types contributed directly to greater life satisfaction. Finally, older people with more IADL limitations reported greater difficulty coping and lower life satisfaction, and those older people who were frail or had multiple comorbid diseases reported lower life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Optimism, sense of mastery and closeness with family/friends promotes coping and life satisfaction, whereas frailty and comorbidities make coping more challenging and lead to lower life satisfaction particularly during a pandemic. Our study improves on prior research because of its nationally representative sample and formal specification and testing of a comprehensive theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Lalani
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Xu Dongjuan
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yun Cai
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Greg W Arling
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Karmann J, Handlovsky I, Lu S, Moullec G, Frohlich KL, Ferlatte O. Resilience among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A photovoice study. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100256. [PMID: 37073369 PMCID: PMC10037917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Older adults faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic but also demonstrated great resilience. Investigating these strengths may enhance and inform strategies to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. To gain insight into the resilience processes of older adults during the first year of the pandemic, we conducted a photovoice study with 26 older adults (aged over 60) in the province of Quebec, Canada. Participants met online weekly for three weeks in small groups to discuss their photographs and share their resilience strategies. The thematic analysis revealed three interrelated themes. First, participants distanced themselves from the pandemic by engaging in activities that took their focus away from COVID-19 and that afforded much-needed respite. Second, participants regained their bearings by reorganizing their schedules and establishing new routines that bolstered occupation rather than rumination. Third, participants used the pandemic to self-reflect and revise their priorities, leveraging the pandemic as an opportunity for growth. Together, these themes demonstrate the strengths, coping strategies and resilience of older adults and contrast the stereotypes of older adults as vulnerable and resourceless. These findings have the potential to inform the implementation of strength-based health promotion initiatives to mitigate the harms of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Karmann
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Sonia Lu
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gregory Moullec
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Katherine L Frohlich
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Angevaare MJ, Joling KJ, Smalbrugge M, Choi H, Twisk JWR, Hertogh CMPM, van Hout HPJ. Psychological Resilience in Older Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities: Occurrence and Associated Factors. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:382-389.e4. [PMID: 36592940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The researchers aimed to (1) explore the occurrence of psychological resilience in the face of a major life stressor and conflict in older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs), and (2) identify factors associated with resilience in this population. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study using the Dutch InterRAI-LTCF cohort. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older residents (≥60 years old) of 21 LTCFs in the Netherlands. METHODS The researchers selected 2 samples of residents who had at least 2 assessments surrounding (1) an incident major life stressor, or (2) incident conflict with other resident or staff. A resilient outcome was operationalized as not having clinically meaningful mood symptoms at the post-stressor assessment and equal or fewer mood symptoms at the post-stressor relative to the pre-stressor assessment. The researchers used 2 resilience outcomes per stressor: 1 based on observer-reported mood symptoms and 1 based on self-reported mood symptoms. The most important factors from among 21 potential resilience factors for each of the 4 operationalizations of resilience were identified using a backward selection procedure with 2-level generalized estimating equations analyses. RESULTS Forty-eight percent and 50% of residents were resilient in the face of a major life stressor, based on observer-reported (n = 248) and self-reported (n = 211) mood, respectively. In the face of conflict, 26% and 51% of the residents demonstrated resilience, based on the observer-reported (n = 246) and self-reported (n = 183) mood, respectively. Better cognitive functioning, a strong and supportive relationship with family, participation in social activities, and better self-reported health were most strongly associated with resilience in the face of a major life stressor. Better communicative functioning, absence of psychiatric diagnoses, a strong and supportive relationship with family, not being lonely, social engagement, and not reminiscing about life were most strongly associated with resilience in the face of conflict. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Factors with a social aspect appear to be particularly important to psychological resilience in older LTCF residents, and provide a potential target for intervention in the LTCF setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou J Angevaare
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karlijn J Joling
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Smalbrugge
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyoungshim Choi
- Department of Nursing, Hansei University, Gunpo, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees M P M Hertogh
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein P J van Hout
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Enhancing psychological resilience at the cusp of older ages: the role of social networks. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x2100180x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prior research has established a positive association between social support and psychological resilience. In this study, we seek to examine whether and to what extent aspects of individuals’ social network – specifically size (how many relatives and friends one has) and strength (how often did one communicate with close network members and at the time of important decisions) – are related to greater psychological resilience. We use data pertaining to 1,609 respondents from the Panel on Ageing and Transitions in Health Survey (PATHS), 2016–2017, a national study of 1,654 older midlife adults, aged 50–59, in Singapore. We estimate the relationship between social networks and psychological resilience, using inverse probability weighted regression adjustment to account for the possibility of a selection bias whereby individuals with larger or stronger social networks may be more resilient at the outset. We find that strong social networks are associated with greater psychological resilience among older midlife adults, regardless of the size of the network. Having a large social network is associated with greater resilience only if it is also a strong network. Maintaining stronger, even if small, social networks may enable individuals at the cusp of older ages to be better prepared to deal with stressful life events and challenges associated with older midlife.
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Taylor MG, Carr DC, Jason K. Financial Hardship and Psychological Resilience during COVID-19: Differences by Race/Ethnicity. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:e117-e122. [PMID: 34604902 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on the impact of COVID-19 among older adults has primarily focused on relatively acute virus outcomes, but it is likely financial hardships during this time have eroded the adaptive capacity of older adults. It is also possible these impacts vary by race and ethnicity. We examine changes in psychological resilience (PR) among older adults before and during the pandemic to determine whether financial hardships and other stressors have altered this resource for White, Black, and Hispanic older adults. METHOD Using the COVID module released by the HRS (n=735), we examined changes in PR between 2016 and 2020 related to financial hardships during COVID. We tested interactions to determine whether the effects were patterned by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Consistent with previous literature, resilience was relatively stable during this time on average. Financial hardship during COVID-19 diminished resilience, but this effect was concentrated primarily among White Americans. DISCUSSION The results suggest that PR is a relatively stable resource in later life, even during the pandemic. However, this resource may be impacted in the face of specific challenges in later life. Policies related to financial hardship during the pandemic should be seen as supporting the capacity for older adults to adapt to current as well as future challenges.
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