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Tang Q, Chen X. Curative effect of motherwort combined with ethinylestradiol-cyproterone acetate on dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:165-171. [PMID: 38613836 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2343878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the curative effect of motherwort combined with ethinylestradiol-cyproterone acetate (EE/CPA) on dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). METHODS Atotal of 68 patients with DUB were divided into a single medication group (treated with EE/CPA) and a combination medication group(treated with motherwort and EE/CPA). The clinical efficacy, uterine hemodynamic parameters, sex hormone levels, coagulation index levels, blood routine test levels, and adverse reactions of patients were evaluated. RESULTS After three months of treatment, total treatment response rate of the combination medication group was significantly higher than that of the single medication group. Decreased uterine volume, endometrial thickness and resistance index (RI), increased pulsatility index(PI), average flow rate, and uterine artery blood flow, as well asreduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time(TT), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb)levels were witnessed in patients of the two groups. In thecombination medication group, there exhibited reduced uterine volume, endometrial thickness and RI, elevated PI, average flow rate, and uterine artery blood flow, reduced P, E2, FSH, LH, aPTT, PT, FIB, TT,PLT, RBC, and Hb levels in comparison to the single medication group. CONCLUSION The combination of motherwort and EE/CPA is clinically effective in the treatment of DUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Tang
- Department of Gynaecology, Zhejiang Province WuYi County First People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Yongkang, Yongkang, China
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Rosato E, Sciarra F, Minnetti M, Degjoni A, Venneri MA. Clinical management of androgen excess and defect in women. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:21-35. [PMID: 37953607 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2279537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperandrogenism and hypoandrogenism are complex disorders involving multiple-organ systems. While androgen excess is a well-characterized condition, androgen deficiency still needs diagnostic criteria, as there are no specific cutoffs. AREAS COVERED We highlight the most recent findings on the role of androgens in female pathophysiology, investigating clinically relevant conditions of androgen insufficiency or excess throughout a woman's life, and their possible therapeutic management. EXPERT OPINION Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) should be considered as first-line therapy for the management of menstrual irregularity and/or clinical hyperandrogenism in adolescents with a clear diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are limited evidence-based data regarding specific types or doses of COCs for management of PCOS in women; however, the lowest effective estrogen dose should be considered for treatment. Despite evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, testosterone therapy has not been approved for women by most regulatory agencies for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). The long-term safety for treatments with testosterone is still to be evaluated, and this review highlights the need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anisa Degjoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kokal M, Mirzakhani K, Pungsrinont T, Baniahmad A. Mechanisms of Androgen Receptor Agonist- and Antagonist-Mediated Cellular Senescence in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071833. [PMID: 32650419 PMCID: PMC7408918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a leading role in the control of prostate cancer (PCa) growth. Interestingly, structurally different AR antagonists with distinct mechanisms of antagonism induce cell senescence, a mechanism that inhibits cell cycle progression, and thus seems to be a key cellular response for the treatment of PCa. Surprisingly, while physiological levels of androgens promote growth, supraphysiological androgen levels (SAL) inhibit PCa growth in an AR-dependent manner by inducing cell senescence in cancer cells. Thus, oppositional acting ligands, AR antagonists, and agonists are able to induce cellular senescence in PCa cells, as shown in cell culture model as well as ex vivo in patient tumor samples. This suggests a dual AR-signaling dependent on androgen levels that leads to the paradox of the rational to keep the AR constantly inactivated in order to treat PCa. These observations however opened the option to treat PCa patients with AR antagonists and/or with androgens at supraphysiological levels. The latter is currently used in clinical trials in so-called bipolar androgen therapy (BAT). Notably, cellular senescence is induced by AR antagonists or agonist in both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Pathway analysis suggests a crosstalk between AR and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src-Akt/PKB and the PI3K-mTOR-autophagy signaling in mediating AR-induced cellular senescence in PCa. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of therapeutic induction and intracellular pathways of AR-mediated cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aria Baniahmad
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9396820; Fax: +49-3641-99396822
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Bansal P, Sardana K, Sharma L, Garga UC, Vats G. A prospective study examining isolated acne and acne with hyperandrogenic signs in adult females. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:752-755. [PMID: 31868042 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1708245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult female acne (AFA) occurs beyond 25 years of age and can present either as isolated acne or with hyperandrogenic signs. METHODS 120 females aged ≥ 25 years were evaluated for acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. Hormonal assessment included total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was diagnosed using Rotterdam's criteria. RESULTS The mean GAGS score was 15.57 ± 4.04.71.66% females had acne with hyperandrogenic signs (hirsutism, 55.81%; hyperseborrhoea, 65.12%; irregular menses, 36.05%) and 18.33% had increased androgen levels. The group with hyperandrogenic signs had longer duration of disease, truncal acne, significant adolescent acne history, stress, inappropriate diet and PCOS compared to the isolated acne group. The mean androgen levels were higher in the former but the difference was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Adult female acne can be associated with hyperandrogenic features though routine hormonal tests may not reveal an underlying abnormality except PCOS. End-organ hypersensitivity is the most plausible explanation and thus justifies the use of antiandrogens in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prekshi Bansal
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Garga
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Vats
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
The perimenopause is accompanied by important biological and psychosocial changes. The choice of contraceptive methods for women in the perimenopause, none of which is limited by age alone, will depend on the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and potential benefit of each method in relation to the biopsychosocial profile of the individual woman. Copper intrauterine devices are highly effective in the typical user and are a very safe method with, in general, good tolerability but are of limited use in women with heavy menstrual bleeding and subserous myomata. An additional benefit of copper intrauterine devices is protection against endometrial cancer. All progestogen-based methods share a favorable cardiovascular profile, making their use safe in most perimenopausal women. Long-acting implants and intrauterine systems are user independent and highly effective. Injectables and pills depend on user compliance. There is no evidence of a significant impact on breast cancer. Their impact on the endometrium can be either a negative side-effect (irregularity) or a benefit regarding reduction of heavy menstrual bleeding. Combined hormonal contraceptives have the highest cardiovascular risk. They can act as a promoting factor for breast cancer and cervical cancer, but they have the strongest potential regarding benefits (protection against endometrial and ovarian cancer, positive effect on bone mineral density, menstrual complaints, hyperandrogenic symptoms, hot flushes, and reduced risk regarding benign ovarian cysts and benign breast tumors).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bitzer
- a Frauenklinik , Universitätsspital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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Zhang J, Su M, Xu L, Yang Z, Yin W, Nie Y, Qiao X, Cheng R, Ma Y. [Efficacy and metabolic safety of long-term treatment with ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone and desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets in women with polycystic ovary syndrome]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:917-922. [PMID: 30187872 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and metabolic safety of long-term treatment with ethinyl oestradiol/cyproteroneand desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Women with PCOSfrom West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University enrolled between September, 2011 and August, 2013 were randomlyallocated to receive either ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone tablets (Group A, n=355) or desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets(Group B, n=357) for a prospective observation period of 6 months. Women with insulin resistance also received metformin. Atbaseline, 3 months, and 6 months, the patients were evaluated for menstruation, acne score, body mass index (BMI), waist-tohip ratio (WHR), plasma levels of sex hormones, fasting blood glucose (FPG), HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), serum lipid, ovarian volume, and the number of ovarian follicles. RESULTS All the patients had a regular menstrual cycle aftertreatments. Testosterone level, acne score, LH/FSH, ovarian volume, and the number of follicles decreased significantly afterthe treatments without significant differences between the two groups. Significant increases were noted in TG, TCh, LDL, HDL, and AIP, and HDL level in group A as compared with group B (P < 0.001). FPG decreased in both groups, and wassignificantly lower in group B at 6 months (P < 0.05). BMI and WHR decreased in all the patients with insulin resistance aftercombination treatment with metformin (P < 0.05), but increased significantly in patients without insulin resistance (P < 0.05). Ingroup A, HOMA- IR significantly increased in patientswithout insulin resistance at 3 months (P < 0.05), whereas asignificant increase was not observed until 6 months ingroup B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone tablets and desogestrel/ethinyl oestradioltablets can relieve the symptoms of PCOS, but it isadvisable to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseasebefore the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mi Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhilan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiyao Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital/Institute of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation, Western Research Institute of West China Second Hospital/Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Shah D, Patil M. Consensus Statement on the Use of Oral Contraceptive Pills in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women in India. J Hum Reprod Sci 2018; 11:96-118. [PMID: 30158805 PMCID: PMC6094524 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_72_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide consensus recommendations for health-care providers on the use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women in India. PARTICIPANTS Extensive deliberations, discussions, and brainstorming were done with different fraternities (specialists) being involved. These included endocrinologists, gynecologists, reproductive endocrinologists, dermatologists, public health experts, researchers, and a project manager with a team to develop the guideline. EVIDENCE Published literature was retrieved through searches of Medline and The Cochrane Database from January 2003 to December 2017 using appropriate-controlled vocabulary (e.g., oral contraceptive pills, polycystic ovarian syndrome, long term outcomes, infertility). Clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies' publications and data were also reviewed to suggest the recommendations. PROCESS The working group for guideline committee included members from the PCOS Society (India), Indian Society for Assisted Reproduction, The Mumbai Obstetric and Gynecological Society, The Endocrine Society of India, Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists, Cosmetic Dermatology Society (India), Academicians from Medical Colleges, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, and a Research Associate. The core team included five reproductive endocrinologists, five gynecologists, five dermatologists, three endocrinologists, two public health experts and one research associate. CONCLUSIONS This consensus statement provides the guidance/recommendations for Indian practitioners regarding the use of OCP in women with PCOS. PCOS is one of the common endocrinopathies encountered in gynecological/endocrine practice. The spectrum of this disorder may range from prepubertal girls with premature pubarche, young girls with hirsutism, acne and anovulatory cycles, married women with infertility, and elderly women. Although obesity is a common feature for most PCOS patients, 'lean PCOS' also exists. For several years, OCPs have played an important role in the symptom management of PCOS women. This is due to the fact that OCPs decrease the luteinizing hormone, reduce androgen production, and increase sex hormone-binding globulin, which binds androgens. Several new formulations of OCPs have been developed to decrease the side effects. This includes use of less androgenic progestins and lower doses of ethinyl estradiol. These consensus recommendations help the health provider to choose the right type of OCPs, which will alleviate the symptoms with least side effects. It also gives insight into the indications, contraindications, and concerns regarding its short, intermediate and long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duru Shah
- President PCOS Society of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Director Gynaecworld the Center for Women's Health and Fertility, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Patil
- Scientific Coordinator, The PCOS Society of India, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Editor, Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Clinical Director and Principal, Dr. Patil's Fertility and Endoscopy Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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