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Matthews S, Ho BVK, Pourakbar S, Jibbe A. Chromoblastomycosis of the face in solid organ transplant patient. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 31:69-71. [PMID: 36545482 PMCID: PMC9761327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Matthews
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Correspondence to: Stephanie Matthews, BA, Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160.
| | - Bao Vincent K. Ho
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sarah Pourakbar
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Atieh Jibbe
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Radcliffe C, Radcliffe AJ, Azar MM, Grant M. Dematiaceous fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13819. [PMID: 35253959 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dematiaceous fungi cause a number of infectious syndromes referred to as phaeohyphomycosis among both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We performed a systematic review to characterize these infections in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). METHODS We searched PubMed database (last searched 1/6/2022) for English-language reports on dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. Included reports needed individualized demographic, treatment, and outcome data; pediatric reports were excluded. A universally applicable bias assessment was performed on reports. Models for infection type and outcome were created using the Bayesian paradigm. RESULTS We included 149 reports on 201 cases of dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. The mean age was 54 years, 72% were men, and kidney recipients accounted for 61% of cases. Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) was the most common infectious syndrome (73%). Death from infection occurred in 7% of cases (14/201), with disseminated (32%) cases having the highest mortality. Our model for infection type predicted the relative probability of central nervous system infection to be highest in liver recipients. Across all transplant types, higher relative probabilities of disseminated and pulmonary infections occur in the early post-transplant period, and the predicted probabilities for these infection types decreased after 100 months post-transplantation. DISCUSSION We identified SSTI as the most common dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. Disseminated infections carried the worst prognosis. The evidence in this review is limited by the heterogeneity of included cases. No funding source was used, and this review's protocol was not registered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwan M Azar
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Grant
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tan XM, Zhou YQ, Zhou XL, Xia XH, Wei Y, He LL, Tang HZ, Yu LY. Diversity and bioactive potential of culturable fungal endophytes of Dysosma versipellis; a rare medicinal plant endemic to China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5929. [PMID: 29651009 PMCID: PMC5897559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Dysosma versipellis is known for its antimicrobial and anticancer properties but is a rare and vulnerable perennial herb that is endemic to China. In this study, 224 isolates were isolated from various tissues of D. versipellis, and were classified into 53 different morphotypes according to culture characteristics and were identified by sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. Although nine strains were not assignable at the phylum level, 44 belonged to at least 29 genera of 15 orders of Ascomycota (93%), Basidiomycota (6%), and Zygomycota (1%). Subsequent assays revealed antimicrobial activities of 19% of endophytic extracts against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Antimicrobial activity was also determined using the agar diffusion method and was most prominent in extracts from four isolates. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses (UPLC-QTOF MS) showed the presence of podophyllotoxin in two Fusarium strains, with the highest yield of 277 μg/g in Fusarium sp. (WB5121). Taken together, the present data suggest that various endophytic fungi of D. versipellis could be exploited as sources of novel natural antimicrobial or anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Tan
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Zhou
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Xia
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Li-Li He
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Li-Ying Yu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
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de Oliveira WRP, Borsato MFL, Dabronzo MLD, Festa Neto C, Rocha LA, Nunes RS. Phaeohyphomycosis in renal transplantation: report of two cases. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:89-92. [PMID: 26982786 PMCID: PMC4782654 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20163954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by a filamentous fungus that contains
pigment melanin in its cell wall. We report two cases caused by Exophiala sp.
emphasizing the clinical variability of the disease, as well as diagnostic and
therapeutic difficulties of this opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed
patients (kidney transplant).
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Venkateshwar S, Ambroise MM, Asir GJ, Mudhigeti N, Ramdas A, Authy K, Shivaprakash MR, Kanungo R. A rare case report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Exophiala oligosperma in an immunocompetent host with literature review. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:117-21. [PMID: 24902578 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of phaeohyphomycotic cyst in an immunocompetent patient caused by Exophiala oligosperma. This fungus is earlier known to cause infections in the immunocompromised. Identification of black fungi at species level is more challenging by conventional methods, and hence final identification of the fungi was based on sequencing of rDNA. The patient was managed with surgical excision. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of E. oligosperma human infection from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Venkateshwar
- Department of Pathology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India
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7
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Chowdhary A, Meis J, Guarro J, de Hoog G, Kathuria S, Arendrup M, Arikan-Akdagli S, Akova M, Boekhout T, Caira M, Guinea J, Chakrabarti A, Dannaoui E, van Diepeningen A, Freiberger T, Groll A, Hope W, Johnson E, Lackner M, Lagrou K, Lanternier F, Lass-Flörl C, Lortholary O, Meletiadis J, Muñoz P, Pagano L, Petrikkos G, Richardson M, Roilides E, Skiada A, Tortorano A, Ullmann A, Verweij P, Cornely O, Cuenca-Estrella M. ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 3:47-75. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Severo CB, Oliveira FDM, Pilar EFS, Severo LC. Phaeohyphomycosis: a clinical-epidemiological and diagnostic study of eighteen cases in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:854-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Severo
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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9
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of endophyte diversity in the canopy of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). Mycol Prog 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-012-0835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Robert T, Talarmin JP, Leterrier M, Cassagnau E, Le Pape P, Danner-Boucher I, Malard O, Brocard A, Gay-Andrieu F, Miegeville M, Morio F. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria infectoria: a single-center experience with utility of PCR for diagnosis and species identification. Med Mycol 2012; 50:594-600. [PMID: 22404860 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.663508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The term phaeohyphomycosis refers to a rare group of fungal infections characterized by the presence of dark-walled hyphae or yeast-like cells in affected tissues. Herein, we report on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of six cases of phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria spp. that occurred in our hospital over a 30-month period (from January 2008 to June 2010). Interestingly, whereas histopathological examinations were positive and fungal cultures yielded molds in all cases, mycological identification using conventional phenotypic methods was never possible despite prolonged incubation of the isolates. Identification of Alternaria infectoria species complex was obtained for each isolate by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). All patients had favourable outcomes following the introduction of azole-based antifungal therapy. This case series describes the clinical course of these six patients and highlights the utility of molecular identification to help in the identification of the etiologic agent when classical mycological methods have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Robert
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
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Kpodzo DS, Calderwood MS, Ruchelsman DE, Abramson JS, Piris A, Winograd JM, Kotton CN. Primary subcutaneous Alternaria alternata infection of the hand in an immunocompromised host. Med Mycol 2011; 49:543-7. [PMID: 21299373 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.555848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a progressive subcutaneous Alternaria alternata infection in the hand of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The diagnosis was based upon the examination of tissue biopsy and isolation of the etiologic agent in culture. The identity of the isolate was determined by phenotypic characteristics and by sequencing the ITS and D1/D2 regions of the rDNA. Despite combination therapy with voriconazole and micafungin, the lesion continued to progress. Posaconazole therapy, along with surgical excision of the infected tissue, resulted in the eradication of infection. The limitations of the clinical management of invasive Alternaria infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzifa S Kpodzo
- Harvard Combined Plastic Surgery Residency Training Program, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
Melanized or dematiaceous fungi are associated with a wide variety of infectious syndromes, including chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. [corrected]. Many are soil organisms and are generally distributed worldwide, though certain species appear to have restricted geographic ranges. Though they are uncommon causes of disease, melanized fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens, with most reports occurring in the past 20 years. The spectrum of diseases with which they are associated has also broadened and includes allergic disease, superficial and deep local infections, pneumonia, brain abscess, and disseminated infection. For some infections in immunocompetent individuals, such as allergic fungal sinusitis and brain abscess, they are among the most common etiologic fungi. Melanin is a likely virulence factor for these fungi. Diagnosis relies on careful microscopic and pathological examination, as well as clinical assessment of the patient, as these fungi are often considered contaminants. Therapy varies depending upon the clinical syndrome. Local infection may be cured with excision alone, while systemic disease is often refractory to therapy. Triazoles such as voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole have the most consistent in vitro activity. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of these uncommon infections.
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13
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Romo A, Fernández G, Rodríguez JL, Silva JM. [Non-specific cutaneous lesion in a 17-year-old pregnant adolescent]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 27:189-90. [PMID: 19306719 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Romo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
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14
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Pastor F, Guarro J. Alternaria infections: laboratory diagnosis and relevant clinical features. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:734-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bonatti H, Lass-Flörl C, Zelger B, Lottersberger C, Singh N, Pruett TL, Margreiter R, Schneeberger S. Alternaria alternataSoft Tissue Infection in a Forearm Transplant Recipient. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2007; 8:539-44. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2006.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bonatti
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Healthsystem, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology, and Social Medicine, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Nina Singh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy L. Pruett
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Healthsystem, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Raimund Margreiter
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gabardi S, Kubiak DW, Chandraker AK, Tullius SG. Invasive fungal infections and antifungal therapies in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2007; 20:993-1015. [PMID: 17617181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2007.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript will review the risk factors, prevalence, clinical presentation, and management of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Primary literature was obtained via MEDLINE (1966-April 2007) and EMBASE. Abstracts were obtained from scientific meetings or pharmaceutical manufacturers and included in the analysis. All studies and abstracts evaluating IFIs and/or antifungal therapies, with a primary focus on solid organ transplantation, were considered for inclusion. English-language literature was selected for inclusion, but was limited to those consisting of human subjects. Infectious complications following SOT are common. IFIs are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in this patient population. Determining the best course of therapy is difficult due to the limited availability of data in SOT recipients. Well-designed clinical studies are infrequent and much of the available information is often based on case-reports or retrospective analyses. Transplant practitioners must remain aware of their therapeutic options and the advantages and disadvantages associated with the available treatment alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gabardi
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sood N, Gugnani HC, Guarro J, Paliwal-Joshi A, Vijayan VK. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Alternaria alternata in an immunocompetent patient. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46:412-3. [PMID: 17442087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.03053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Sood
- Department of Pathology, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Leon-Mateos A, Paredes-Suárez C, Pereiro M, Toribio J. Study of the ITS region in an atypical isolate and comparison with six species of Microsporum. Mycoses 2006; 49:452-6. [PMID: 17022760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microsporum species are a frequent cause of cutaneous mycoses in humans. Atypical strains of Microsporum can sometimes be difficult to identify with conventional methods. Recently, we have obtained a Microsporum isolate with atypical morphology and special nutritional requirements (Microsporum CHUS-126-02). As several molecular techniques have been developed for the identification of fungi, we analysed six Microsporum species (M. canis, M. gypseum, M. gallinae, M. nanum, M. ferrugineum and M. persicolor) in order to compare them with our isolate, by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA). We studied the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions from the nuclear DNA encoding for the ribosomal domain. Digestion with MvaI and EcoRI endonucleases obtained specific patterns for M. gypseum, M. gallinae, M. nanum and M. persicolor. Microsporum canis, M. ferrugineum and Microsporum CHUS-126-02 yielded the same patterns. Based on these results and phenotypic criteria, we classified our atypical isolate as M. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leon-Mateos
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Nulens E, De Laere E, Vandevelde H, Hilbrands LB, Rijs AJMM, Melchers WJG, Verweij PE. Alternaria infectoriaphaeohyphomycosis in a renal transplant patient. Med Mycol 2006; 44:379-82. [PMID: 16772234 DOI: 10.1080/13693780500412004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A male renal transplant patient developed a tumor on the dorsum of his right hand. After excision, histological examination of the tumor showed hyphal structures, but growth developed very slowly. Therapy consisted of surgery alone. A definitive identification of Alternaria infectoria was only possible with molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nulens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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