1
|
Khanipour Machiani M, Jamshidi S, Nikaein D, Khosravi A, Balal A. The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on clinical isolates of Microsporum canis in dogs and cats. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1316. [PMID: 37904671 PMCID: PMC10766060 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microsporum canis is the most common dermatophyte infecting pets and their owners, and its long duration of treatment and increasing rate of drug resistance have caused the attention of researchers to be directed towards the use of nanoparticles and new alternatives for treatment. This study investigated the antifungal effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on clinical isolates of M. canis in dogs and cats and subtilisin 1 (SUB1) gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using the wet chemical method at a concentration of 4000 ppm. Its antifungal potential was evaluated at concentrations of 62.5-4000 ppm by disk diffusion and microdilution methods against 10 isolates of M. canis. The effect of this product on SUB1 gene expression was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR method. RESULTS The results of the disk diffusion test showed that the highest inhibitory diameter was at the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (34 mm), and the inhibitory zone was observed in dilutions up to 250 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanoparticles was between 250 and 500 ppm, and the minimum fungicidal concentration was between 500 and 1000 ppm. There was a significant reduction in SUB1 gene expression in sub-MIC concentration (125-250 ppm) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that ZnO nanoparticles have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on M. canis. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles could decrease the expression of SUB1, an enzyme involved in fungi adhesion to the epidermis. Nevertheless, more studies must be done in the future to determine the possible side effects and safety of ZnO nanoparticles along with their efficacy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahram Jamshidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Donya Nikaein
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Asad Balal
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin-Loeches I, Pereira JG, Teoh TK, Barlow G, Dortet L, Carrol ED, Olgemöller U, Boyd SE, Textoris J. Molecular antimicrobial susceptibility testing in sepsis. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:61-72. [PMID: 38180334 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapidly detecting and identifying pathogens is crucial for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in patients with sepsis. Conventional diagnostic methods have been a great asset to medicine, though they are time consuming and labor intensive. This work will enable healthcare professionals to understand the bacterial community better and enhance their diagnostic capacity by using novel molecular methods that make obtaining quicker, more precise results possible. The authors discuss and critically assess the merits and drawbacks of molecular testing and the added value of these tests, including the shift turnaround time, the implication for clinicians' decisions, gaps in knowledge, future research directions and novel insights or innovations. The field of antimicrobial molecular testing has seen several novel insights and innovations to improve the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St James' Hospital, D08 NHY1, Dublin, Ireland
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Ciberes, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tee Keat Teoh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin Barlow
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York and Hull York Medical School, UK
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, RESIST Unit, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- French National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, France
| | - Enitan D Carrol
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ulrike Olgemöller
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sara E Boyd
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabt A, Abdelraof M, Hamissa MF, Noamaan MA. Antibacterial Activity of Quinoline-Based Derivatives against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Design, Synthesis, DFT and Molecular Dynamic Simulations. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300804. [PMID: 37933986 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial virulence becomes a significant challenge for clinical treatments, particularly those characterized as Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) strains. Therefore, the preparation of new compounds with active moieties could be a successful approach for eradication of MDR strains. For this purpose, newly synthesized quinoline compounds were prepared and tested for their antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA). Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds 1-(quinolin-2-ylamino)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (8) and 2-(2-((5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)quinoline (12) were shown to possess the highest antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration with the values of 5±2.2 and10±1.5 μg/mL towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa without any activity towards MRSA. Interestingly, compounds 2-(2-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)quinoline (13) and 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)thiazolidin-4-one (16c) showed significant inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compound 13 (with indole moiety) particularly displayed excellent bactericidal activity with low MIC values 20±3.3 and 10±1.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Effects molecular modelling was used to determine the mode of action for the antimicrobial effect. The stability of complexes formed by docking and target-ligand pairing was evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations. The compounds were also tested for binding affinity to the target protein using MM-PBSA. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were also used to investigate the electrochemical properties of various compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center (NRC), 33 El Behouth St., Giza P.O., 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Department of Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmoud A Noamaan
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ragab SS, Abdelraof M, Elrashedy AA, Sweed AM. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies, and Antibacterial Evaluation of New Spirocyclic Aminopyrimidines. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
5
|
El-Emam GA, El-Baz AM, Shata A, Shaaban AA, Adel El-Sokkary MM, Motawea A. Formulation and microbiological ancillary studies of gemifloxacin proniosomes for exploiting its role against LPS acute pneumonia model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
6
|
Rybczyński JJ, Kaźmierczak A, Dos Santos Szewczyk K, Tomaszewicz W, Miazga-Karska M, Mikuła A. Biotechnology of the Tree Fern Cyathea smithii (J.D. Hooker; Soft Tree Fern, Katote) II Cell Suspension Culture: Focusing on Structure and Physiology in the Presence of 2,4-D and BAP. Cells 2022; 11:1396. [PMID: 35563701 PMCID: PMC9100639 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our research was to describe the structure and growth potential of a cell suspension of the tree fern Cyathea smithii. Experiments were performed on an established cell suspension with ½ MS medium supplemented with 9.05 µM 2,4-D + 0.88 µM BAP. In the experiments, attention was paid to the microscopic description of cell suspension, evaluation of cell growth dependent on the initial mass of cells and organic carbon source in the medium, the length of the passage, the content of one selected flavonoid in the post-culture medium, nuclear DNA content, ethylene production, and the antimicrobial value of the extract. For a better understanding of the cell changes that occurred during the culture of the suspension, the following structures of the cell were observed: nucleus, lipid bodies, tannin deposits, starch grains, cell walls, primary lamina, and the filaments of metabolites released into the medium. The nuclear DNA content (acriflavine-Feulgen staining) of cell aggregates distinctly indicated a lack of changes in the sporophytic origin of the cultured cell suspension. The physiological activity of the suspension was found to be high because of kinetics, intensive production of ethylene, and quercetin production. The microbiological studies suggested that the cell suspension possessed a bactericidal character against microaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. A sample of the cell suspension showed bacteriostatic activity against aerobic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan J. Rybczyński
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden-Center for Biology Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 2 Prawdziwka Str., 02-973 Warsaw, Poland; (W.T.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Dos Santos Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Tomaszewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden-Center for Biology Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 2 Prawdziwka Str., 02-973 Warsaw, Poland; (W.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Miazga-Karska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Mikuła
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden-Center for Biology Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 2 Prawdziwka Str., 02-973 Warsaw, Poland; (W.T.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raj N, Vanathi M, Ahmed NH, Gupta N, Lomi N, Tandon R. Recent Perspectives in the Management of Fungal Keratitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110907. [PMID: 34829196 PMCID: PMC8621027 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotic keratitis is common in warm, humid regions with a varying profile of pathogenic fungi according to geographical origin, socioeconomic status, and climatic condition. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging in difficult cases and those refractory to treatment. Fungal hyphae on microscopic examination and culture isolation have been the gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of fungal keratitis. A culture isolate of the aetiological fungus is essential to perform antifungal susceptibility testing. As the culture isolation of fungi is time-consuming, causing delays in the initiation of treatment, newer investigative modalities such as in vivo confocal microscopy and molecular diagnostic methods have recently gained popularity. Molecular diagnostic techniques now help to obtain a rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis. Genomic approaches are based on detecting amplicons of ribosomal RNA genes, with internal transcribed spacers being increasingly adopted. Metagenomic deep sequencing allows for rapid and accurate diagnosis without the need to wait for the fungus to grow. This is also helpful in identifying new emerging strains of fungi causing mycotic keratitis. A custom-tear proteomic approach will probably play an important diagnostic role in future in the management of mycotic keratitis. Positive repeat cultures are being suggested as an important gauge indicative of a poor prognosis. Positive repeat fungal cultures help to modify a treatment regimen by increasing its frequency, providing the addition of another topical and oral antifungal agent along with close follow-up for perforation and identifying need for early therapeutic keratoplasty. The role of collagen crosslinking in the treatment of fungal keratitis is not convincingly established. Rapid detection by multiplex PCR and antifungal susceptibility testing of the pathogenic fungi, adopted into a routine management protocol of fungal keratitis, will help to improve treatment outcome. Early therapy is essential in minimizing damage to the corneal tissue, thereby providing a better outcome. The role of conventional therapy with polyenes, systemic and targeted therapy of antifungal agents, newer azoles and echinocandins in fungal keratitis has been widely studied in recent times. Combination therapy can be more efficacious in comparison to monotherapy. Given the diversity of fungal aetiology, the emergence of new corneal pathogenic fungi with varying drug susceptibilities, increasing the drug resistance to antifungal agents in some genera and species, it is perhaps time to adopt recent molecular methods for precise identification and incorporate antifungal susceptibility testing as a routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Raj
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-11-26593010; Fax: +91-11-26588919
| | - Nishat Hussain Ahmed
- Ocular Microbiology Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparison of Disc Diffusion, Etest, and a Modified CLSI Broth Microdilution Method for In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Itraconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole against Madurella mycetomatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0043321. [PMID: 34181477 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00433-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For many fungal infections, in vitro susceptibility testing is used to predict if an isolate is resistant or susceptible to the antifungal agent used to treat the infection. For Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of mycetoma, in vitro susceptibility testing currently is not performed on a routine basis. The current in vitro susceptibility testing method is labor-intensive, and sonication must be done to generate a hyphal inoculum. For endpoint visualization, expensive viability dyes are needed. Here, we investigated if the currently used in vitro susceptibility method could be adapted to make it amendable for use in a routine setting which can be used in low-income countries, where mycetoma is endemic. First, we developed a methodology in which hyphal fragments can be generated without the need for sonication, by comparing different bead beating methodologies. Next, in vitro susceptibility was assessed using standard broth microdilution assays as well as disc diffusion, Etest, and VIPcheck methodologies. We demonstrate that after a hyphal suspension is generated by glass bead beating, disc diffusion, Etest, and VIPcheck can be used to determine susceptibility of Madurella mycetomatis to itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. The MICs found with Etest were comparable to those obtained with our modified CLSI-based broth microdilution in vitro susceptibility assay for itraconazole and posaconazole. Furthermore, we found an inverse relationship between the zones of inhibition and MICs obtained with the Etest and those obtained by the modified CLSI broth microdilution technique.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang W, Bao F, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang F. Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne ® and CLSI M38-A2 microdilution methods in determining the activity of nine antifungal agents against dermatophytes. Mycoses 2021; 64:734-741. [PMID: 33760301 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes are the most common fungal pathogens causing superficial infections in humans with a high prevalence worldwide. The treatment of these infections is based on the use of topical and systemic antifungal agents. A convenient method with a high predictive value for testing the susceptibilities of dermatophytes is necessary. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of the Sensititre YeastOne® in testing the activity of nine antifungal agents against dermatophytes. METHODS We compared Sensititre® with reference procedure for anidulafungin (ANID), micafungin sodium (MCF), caspofungin acetate (CAS), 5-fluorocytosine (5FC), posaconazole (PCZ), voriconazole (VCZ), itraconazole (ITZ), fluconazole (FLZ) and amphotericin B (AMB) against 79 dermatophyte isolates, the essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) between the two methods were obtained. RESULTS The MICs or MECs obtained by the Sensititre® were usually lower than those obtained by the M38-A2. The overall EA between the two methods of nine antifungals was best for 5FC (100%), followed by MCF (94.9%), PCZ (84.8%), AMB (67.1%), FLZ (65.8%), VCZ (63.3%), ANID (29.1%), ITZ (20.3%) and CAS (2.5%). The overall CA between the two methods for all drugs was 100% except for ANID (97.4%), MCF (95%) and PCZ (92.5%). Substantial discrepancies were observed with all drugs except for VCZ and 5FC. The results of M38-A2 in terms of GMIC (or GMEC) and MIC90 (or MEC90) were, in increasing order, as follows: MCF, PCZ, VCZ, ANID, ITZ, CAS, AMB, FLZ and 5FC. CONCLUSIONS The Sensititre YeastOne® shows poor EA with the reference method for dermatophytes; therefore, M38-A2 should remain the reference procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing against dermatophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Chang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aneke CI, Rhimi W, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Comparative evaluation of E-test and CLSI methods for Itraconazole, Fluconazole and Ketoconazole susceptibilities of Microsporum canis strains. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:495-502. [PMID: 32468154 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of resistance to antifungal agents for dermatophytes is increasing, but most of the methods currently available to test the antifungal susceptibility of Microsporum canis still require standardization. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of M. canis strains recovered from animals to ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ) and itraconazole (ITZ) using a modified CLSI broth microdilution (CLSI M38-A2-BMD) and the E-test® protocols and (ii) to estimate the agreement between the methods. Tentative azole epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) were also proposed in order to interpret the results of in vitro susceptibility tests and to establish the agreement between the E-test and CLSI BMD methods. A total of forty clinical M. canis strains from animals with skin lesions were tested, and the essential (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) between the two methods were determined. KTZ displayed the lowest MIC values, while ITZ and FLZ the highest. The ECV for KTZ and ITZ were 4 μg/ml, while those of FLZ was 64 μg/ml. Based on ECVs, about 88% of M. canis strains were susceptible to all azoles being a cross-resistance with ITZ-FLZ registered for one strain. A total of five M. canis strains showed MIC > ECV for FLZ using CLSI, while one strain showed MIC > ECV for ITZ using both tests. KTZ, ITZ and FLZ showed EA ranging from 92.5 to 95%, for all azoles and CA > 97% except for FLZ (87.5%). The good CA between the E-test and the CLSI BMD provides evidence of the reliability of the former method to test the antifungal susceptibility of M. canis for ITZ and KTZ and not for FLZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Inyang Aneke
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Although not as ubiquitous as antibacterial susceptibility testing, antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) is a tool of increasing importance in clinical microbiology laboratories. The goal of AFST is to reliably produce MIC values that may be used to guide patient therapy, inform epidemiological studies, and track rates of antifungal drug resistance. There are three methods that have been standardized by standards development organizations: broth dilution, disk diffusion, and azole agar screening for Aspergillus Other commonly used methods include gradient diffusion and the use of rapid automated instruments. Novel methodologies for susceptibility testing are in development. It is important for laboratories to consider not only the method of testing but also the interpretation (or lack thereof) of in vitro data.
Collapse
|
12
|
In Vitro Activity of Antifungal Drugs Against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. by E-Test Method and Non-supplemented Mueller-Hinton Agar Plates. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:517-523. [PMID: 31297668 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. are two of the most frequently isolated dermatophytes causing dermatophytosis worldwide. Since the incidence of resistance to antifungal agents is increasing, antifungal susceptibility tests are needed to successfully treat dermatophytoses. Most of the methods currently available are complicated, time-consuming and lack of reference procedures. The aim of this work was to establish a simple protocol to test the susceptibility of dermatophytes isolated from clinical samples against five antifungal drugs using E-test and disk diffusion methods. We used the E-test on non-supplemented Mueller-Hinton agar plates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B, and disk diffusion method to determine the interpretive MIC of terbinafine. Fifty dermatophytes-10 T. rubrum and 40 T. mentagrophytes spp.-were assessed after only 96 h of colony growth. Terbinafine was the most active antifungal agent with an inhibition diameter greater than 70 mm (sensitivity > 20 mm), followed by voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B with MICs ranging from 0.032 to 0.38 µg/mL, from 0.006 to 0.125 µg/mL and from 0.5 to 1.5 µg/mL, respectively. All isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Collectively, the less laborious E-test and disk diffusion method were shown to be suitable and reliable to determine antifungal sensitivity of dermatophytes. This simple standard protocol could be employed in the routine of clinical laboratories.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dogra S, Shaw D, Rudramurthy SM. Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes: Laboratory Findings to Clinical Implications. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:225-233. [PMID: 31149563 PMCID: PMC6536077 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_146_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipika Shaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India E-mail:
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han HS, Kano R, Chen C, Noli C. Comparison of two in vitro antifungal sensitivity tests and monitoring during therapy of Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto in Malaysian cats. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:156-e32. [PMID: 28133872 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline sporotrichosis is common in Malaysia. Thermosensitivity and effects of azole treatment on fungal susceptibility are unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate thermotolerance and antifungal susceptibility of feline Malaysian Sporothrix isolates, compare microdilution (MD) and E-test results, and investigate changes in susceptibility during azole therapy. METHODS Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto was isolated from 44 cats. Thermotolerance was determined via culture at 37°C for 7 days. Susceptibility to itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ) and terbinafine (TRB) was assessed in 40 isolates by MD; to amphotericin B (AMB), KTZ, ITZ, fluconazole (FLC) and posaconazole (POS) by E-test. Results were statistically compared by Pearson's Product Moment. In eight ketoconazole treated cats, susceptibility testing to itraconazole and ketoconazole was repeated every two months for six months. RESULTS Thermotolerance was observed in 36 of 44 (82%) isolates. Assuming that isolates growing at antifungal concentrations ≥4 mg/mL were resistant, all were resistant on E-test to FLC and AMB, 11 (28%) to POS, 6 (15%) to ITZ and 1 (3%) to KTZ. On MD, 27 of 40 (68%) were resistant to TRB, 2 (5%) to ITZ and 3 (8%) to KTZ. There was no correlation between E-test and MD results (KTZ r = 0.10, P = 0.54, and ITZ r = 0.11, P = 0.48). MD values for ITZ and KTZ did not exceed 4 mg/L during KTZ therapy. CONCLUSION The majority of feline isolates in Malaysia are thermosensitive. Lack of correlation between E-test and MD suggests that the E-test is unreliable to test antifungal susceptibility for Sporothrix spp. compared to MD. KTZ was the antifungal drug with the lowest MIC. Prolonged KTZ administration may not induce changes in antifungal susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hock Siew Han
- Han Veterinary Surgery, 50 JLN Molek 2/2, TMN Molek, 81100, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Charles Chen
- Asian Veterinary Specialist Referral Center, 109 Section 4, XinYi Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, 12016, Peveragno (CN), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thatai P, Sapra B. Critical review on retrospective and prospective changes in antifungal susceptibility testing for dermatophytes. Mycoses 2016; 59:615-27. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Thatai
- Division of Pharmaceutics; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Punjabi University; Patiala India
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Division of Pharmaceutics; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Punjabi University; Patiala India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rizi K, Murdan S, Danquah CA, Faull J, Bhakta S. Development of a rapid, reliable and quantitative method — “SPOTi” for testing antifungal efficacy. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 117:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Matjaz R, Matic T, Damjan J, Borut S, Samo K. Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from conifer needles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2014.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
18
|
Luliconazole demonstrates potent in vitro activity against dermatophytes recovered from patients with onychomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3553-5. [PMID: 24709260 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02706-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of luliconazole, amorolfine, ciclopirox, and terbinafine were determined against 320 dermatophyte isolates from large toenails of onychomycosis patients enrolled into an ongoing phase 2b/3 clinical study. The geometric mean MIC for luliconazole was 0.00022 μg/ml against all isolates, compared to 0.0194 to 0.3107 μg/ml for the three other agents. The in vitro potency of luliconazole was maintained regardless of the dermatophyte species.
Collapse
|
19
|
Susceptibility testing of Aspergillus niger strains isolated from poultry to antifungal drugs--a comparative study of the disk diffusion, broth microdilution (M 38-A) and Etest methods. Pol J Vet Sci 2012; 15:125-33. [PMID: 22708367 DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of Aspergillus niger strains isolated from birds to available antifungal drugs using different in vitro assays--classical disk diffusion, Etest and broth microdilution NCCLS/CLSI M 38-A. The study material consisted of about 2.000 swabs and samples from different species of birds. A. niger (n=10) was accounted for 6.81% of the total pool of strains isolated. Determinations were made for 13 antifungal drugs using the disk diffusion method. The A. niger exhibited high susceptibility to enilconazole, terbinafine, voriconazole, tioconazole and ketoconazole, low susceptibility to clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin, and resistance to amphotericin B, itraconazole, pimaricin, fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 9 antifungal drugs using the micromethod of duplicate serial dilutions in a liquid medium. A. niger strains were most susceptible to enilconazole and voriconazole. MIC ranged from 0.0625 to 0.5 microg/ml for enilconazole, with MIC90-0.5 microg/ml and MIC50-0.125 microg/ml. The corresponding values for voriconazole were 0.25-1 microg/ml, 1 microg/ml and 0.5 microg/ml. MIC for amphotericin B and terbinafine ranged from 0.5 to 4 microg/ml, while the values for the remaining drugs were highly varied. MIC was measured by the gradient diffusion method using Etest for 5 antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole. By far the highest susceptibility was obtained in the case of voriconazole, with MIC ranging from 0.0625 to 1 microg/ml. MIC for amphotericin B ranged from 0.25 to 4 microg/ml, for itraconazole and ketoconazole ranging from 0.5 to 16 microg/ml. Methods available for this purpose are not always applicable in field conditions. The present results indicate that the Etest technique, due to its high percentage of agreement with the M 38-A microdilution method, should find application in medical and veterinary practice.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nweze EI. Dermatophytoses in domesticated animals. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2011; 53:94-9. [PMID: 21537757 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are among the most frequent causes of ringworm infections in domesticated animals. They are known to serve as reservoirs of the zoophilic dermatophytes and these infections have important zoonotic implication. In Nigeria and probably West Africa, there are not many studies on the incidence of dermatophytosis in domesticated animals. In the current study, 538 domesticated animals with clinically suggestive lesions were investigated for dermatophytes. Identification of dermatophyte species was performed by macro- and micro morphological examination of colonies and by biochemical methods. In the cases of isolates that had atypical morphology and/or biochemical test results, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) sequencing was performed. Out of this number, 214 (39.8%) were found to be colonized by a variety of ten species of dermatophytes. M. canis was the most frequently isolated species (37.4%), followed by T. mentagrophytes (22.9%) and T. verrucosum (15.9%). M. persicolor and T. gallinae were jointly the least species isolated with a frequency of 0.55% respectively. The recovery of dermatophyte isolates previously shown to be common etiological agents of dermatophytosis especially from children in the same region suggests that animal to human transmission may be common. Possible implications and recommendations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emeka I Nweze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ayats J, Martín-Mazuelos E, Pemán J, Quindós G, Sánchez F, García-Rodríguez J, Guarro J, Guinea J, Linares MJ, Pontón J, Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Cuenca-Estrella M. Recomendaciones sobre el diagnóstico de la enfermedad fúngica invasora de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC). Actualización 2010. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 29:39.e1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
22
|
Daboit TC, Stopiglia CDO, von Poser GL, Scroferneker ML. Antifungal activity ofPterocaulon alopecuroides(Asteraceae) against chromoblastomycosis agents. Mycoses 2010; 53:246-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Dermatophytes are moulds that produce infections of the skin, hair and nails of humans and animals. The most common forms among these infections are onychomycosis and tinea pedis affecting 20% of world population. These infections are usually chronic. The treatment of dermatophytoses tends to be prolonged partly because available treatments are not very effective. Antifungal drug consumption and public health expenditure are high worldwide, as well as in Serbia. For adequate therapy, it is necessary to prove infection by isolation of dermatophytes and to test the antifungal susceptibility of isolates. Susceptibility testing is important for the resistance monitoring, epidemiological research and to compare in vitro activities of new antifungal agents. The diffusion and dilution methods of susceptibility tests are used, and technical issues of importance for the proper performance and interpretation of test results are published in the document E.DEF 9.1 (EUCAST) and M38-A2 (CLSI). The aim of our paper is to promptly inform the public about technical achievements in this area, as well as the new organization of laboratory for medical mycology in our country. The formation of laboratory networks coordinated by the National Reference Laboratory for the cause of mycosis need to enable interlaboratory studies and further standardization of methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes, reproducibility of tests and clinical correlation monitoring (MIK values and clinical outcome of dermatophytosis). The importance of the new organization is expected efficient improvement in the dermatophytosis therapy at home, better quality of patient's life and the reduction of the cost of treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghannoum MA, Isham NC, Chand DV. Susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-009-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|