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Yazdanpanah S, Sasanipoor F, Khodadadi H, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Jowkar F, Zomorodian K, Kharazi M, Mohammadi T, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Nasr R, Motamedi M. Quantitative analysis of in vitro biofilm formation by clinical isolates of dermatophyte and antibiofilm activity of common antifungal drugs. Int J Dermatol 2022; 62:120-127. [PMID: 35780324 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilm, as one of the virulence factors in fungal infections which contribute to antifungal resistance, is an outstanding aspect of dermatophytosis that has been noted recently. Because of the paucity of data about the biofilm formation by dermatophytes and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs, this study evaluated the biofilm formation by clinical isolates of dermatophytes and antibiofilm activity of common antifungals widely used to manage dermatophytosis. METHODS The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions sequencing for species identification of 50 clinical dermatophyte isolates was performed. The ability of isolates to form biofilm and inhibitory activity of itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin against biofilm formation was assayed by the crystal violet staining method. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied for the visualization of the biofilm structures. RESULTS Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes (n: 14; 28%) and T. rubrum (n: 13;26%) were included in more than half of the dermatophyte isolates. Biofilm formation was observed in 37 out of 50 (74%) isolates that were classified as follows: nonproducers (n: 13; 26%), weak producers (n: 4; 8%), moderate producers (n: 16; 32%), and strong producers (n: 17; 34%) by comparison of the absorbance of biofilms produced by clinical strains with control. The mean IC50 values for terbinafine, griseofulvin, and itraconazole were 2.42, 3.18, and 3.78 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that most of the clinical dermatophyte isolates are capable to form biofilm in vitro with variable strength. Moreover, terbinafine can be suggested as the first-line choice for the treatment of biofilm-formed dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forozan Sasanipoor
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farideh Jowkar
- Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tooba Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Nasr
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ansari S, Hedayati MT, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Jannesar R, Mohammadi H, Fazli Y, Ilkit M, Seyedmousavi S. A 9-Month-Old Girl from Iran with Extensive Erythematous Plaques Due to Trichophyton simii, a Zoophilic Dermatophyte. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:451-5. [PMID: 26767834 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton simii is generally considered to be limited to endemic areas, particularly one area of India. However, the high similarity between the morphological features of atypical T. simii isolates and those of other dermatophytes such as Trichophyton interdigitale and Arthroderma benhamiae may lead to misidentification of the cause of dermatophytosis in many instances. We investigated a rare case of tinea corporis in a 9-month-old female with extensive erythematous lesions. Morphological features of the recovered isolate from the culture resulted in the identification of Trichophyton interdigitale. For accurate identification, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene were sequenced and the isolate was ultimately identified as T. simii. In conclusion, T. simii, which has been formerly known to be restricted to specific endemic regions, appears to be not infrequent in non-endemic areas but instead simply less well-known and consequently underestimated. To determine its actual prevalence of infection, the application of DNA-based molecular methodologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saham Ansari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)/Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)/Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramin Jannesar
- Department of Medical Pathology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Yousef Fazli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)/Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Beguin H, Goens K, Hendrickx M, Planard C, Stubbe D, Detandt M. IsTrichophyton simiiendemic to the Indian subcontinent? Med Mycol 2013; 51:444-8. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.737032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Döğen A, Gümral R, Oksüz Z, Kaplan E, Serin MS, Ilkit M. Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in junior combat and non-combat sports participants. Mycoses 2012; 56:95-100. [PMID: 22621172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Participation in competitive sports is popular and widely encouraged worldwide. Herein, we investigated 252 male and 67 female sports players, aged 16.4 ± 1.3 years, active in 15 different types of combat (n = 143) and non-combat (n = 176) sports. Of the 319 participants in this study, 11 (3.5%) players, including six wrestlers, four football players and one handball player, all of whom were men, harboured dermatophytic fungi. Briefly, Trichophyton tonsurans was present in three athletes, who were scalp carriers of the fungus. Furthermore, T. rubrum (4), T. interdigitale (3) and Arthroderma simii (1) were recovered from eight participants with tinea inguinalis (4), tinea pedis (2) or both (1). One patient was a trunk carrier of concomitant tinea pedis. All dermatophytic fungi were identified using both direction sequence of the rDNA regions spanning the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8 rRNA gene. Although sports-active individuals are active and sweat more, we observed a low prevalence of dermatophytosis, both in combat (5.2%) and non-combat sports participants (3.4%) (P > 0.05). However, dermatophyte infections require more attention and appropriate management to eradicate the infection and to prevent possible outbreaks. This study also documents the first case of zoophilic A. simii in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Döğen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
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Naseri A, Fata A, Khosravi AR. Tinea capitis due to Microsporum vanbreuseghemii: report of two cases. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:77-80. [PMID: 22240855 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum vanbreuseghemii are reported. A 7-year-old boy and his brother were examined for tinea capitis. Hair samples and skin scrapings were collected from each patient to microscopy and culture. Direct microscopic examination of the hairs using lactophenol revealed an ectothrix invasion. Cultures inoculated with portions of clinical material yielded M. vanbreuseghemii after 2 weeks. The identification of the fungi were based on colony morphology on mycobiotic agar, microscopic characteristic on slide cultures, biochemical reactions and hair perforation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naseri
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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