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Choi YE, Yang JM, Jeong CW, Shin S, Park J, Lee K, Cho JH. Prunus yedoensis Bark Downregulates the Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Human Endothelial Cell Lines and Relaxes Blood Vessels in Rat Aortic Rings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:926. [PMID: 39065776 PMCID: PMC11279544 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure, is increasing worldwide, owing to population aging and irregular lifestyle habits. Previous studies have reported the vasorelaxant effects of Prunus yedoensis bark methanol extract. However, various solvent extracts of P. yedoensis bark and their vascular relaxation mechanisms have not been sufficiently studied. We prepared extracts of P. yedoensis bark using various solvents (water, 30% ethanol, and 70% ethanol). P. yedoensis bark 30% ethanol extract (PYB-30E) decreased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) activated with 200 ng/mL TNF-α. Additionally, PYB-30E showed vasodilatory effects on isolated rat aortic rings. This was confirmed to be the result of the activation of the NO/cGMP pathway, regulation of non-selective calcium-activated K+ channels, and calcium channel blockade. Additionally, PYB-30E significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Taken together, our results indicated that PYB-30E is a candidate functional material with preventive and therapeutic effects against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Choi
- Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.C.); (J.M.Y.); (C.W.J.)
| | - Jung Mo Yang
- Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.C.); (J.M.Y.); (C.W.J.)
| | - Chae Won Jeong
- Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.C.); (J.M.Y.); (C.W.J.)
| | - Sujin Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju Hyun Cho
- Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.C.); (J.M.Y.); (C.W.J.)
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Park JH, Kim K, Medina M, Ng BP, Smith ML, Edafetanure-Ibeh OM, Chang J. Hypertension Medication and Medicare Beneficiaries: Prescription Drug Coverage Satisfaction and Medication Non-Adherence among Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:722. [PMID: 38610145 PMCID: PMC11011680 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is so prevalent and requires strict adherence to medications to prevent further disease or death, but there is no study examining factors related to prescription drug non-adherence among 65 years old and older. This study aims to assess the likelihood of medication nonadherence among patients based on factors such as age, race, and socioeconomic status, with the goal of identifying strategies to enhance medication adherence and mitigate associated health risks. Using the 2020 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File to represent nationwide Medicare beneficiaries (unweighted n = 3917, weighted n = 27,134,782), medication non-adherence was related to multiple independent variables (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, insurance coverage, and satisfaction with insurance). Cross-tabulations and Wald chi-square tests were used to determine how much each variable was related to non-adherence. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between medication non-adherence and factors such as prescription drug coverage satisfaction and cost-reducing behavior. Specific trends in medication non-adherence emerged among beneficiaries. Non-adherence was higher in older adults aged 65- to 74-year-olds and those with more chronic conditions (OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.74-2.89). If patients were dissatisfied with the medications on the insurance formulary or struggled to find a pharmacy that accepted their medication coverage, they had worse adherence (OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.80-3.84). Formulary and coverage must be expanded to improve adherence to antihypertensive medications in Medicare beneficiaries. Older adults aged 65 to 74 years may be less adherent to their medications because they do not see the seriousness of the disease and could benefit from further counseling. Patients with limited activities of daily living and more comorbidities may struggle with complex treatment regimens and should use adherence assistance tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.-H.P.); (K.K.); (M.L.S.); (O.M.E.-I.)
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.-H.P.); (K.K.); (M.L.S.); (O.M.E.-I.)
| | - Mar Medina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N campbell St., El Paso, TX 79902, USA;
| | - Boon Peng Ng
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, 12201 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA;
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.-H.P.); (K.K.); (M.L.S.); (O.M.E.-I.)
- Center for Health Equity and Evaluation Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Center for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Okeoghene Marcel Edafetanure-Ibeh
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.-H.P.); (K.K.); (M.L.S.); (O.M.E.-I.)
| | - Jongwha Chang
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 159 Reynolds Medical, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Huber JC. Combination of drospirenone and estradiol: a new hormone therapy in postmenopausal women. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 3:409-415. [PMID: 19804015 DOI: 10.2217/17455057.3.4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The problems that arise in connection with the menopause have been treated for many years with various hormone-replacement therapy formulations. The spironolactone derivative drospirenone is a novel progestin that, in combination with estradiol, provides a new low-dose, continuous, combined hormone therapy with a broad and safe activity profile. Through its antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid properties, drospirenone acts specifically against menopausal symptoms, provides protection of the endometrium, does not counteract the effect of estradiol on bone metabolism and has a beneficial effect on body weight and lipid metabolism. Its effect on blood pressure is particularly relevant: drospirenone blocks the aldosterone receptor and thus has a regulating effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and so promotes enhanced sodium/water excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Huber
- University Hospital Vienna, Department for Gynaecological Endocrinology & Reproductive Medicine, A-1090 Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria.
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