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De Clerck M, Manguin M, Henkous N, d’Almeida MN, Beracochea D, Mons N. Chronic alcohol-induced long-lasting working memory deficits are associated with altered histone H3K9 dimethylation in the prefrontal cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1354390. [PMID: 38495426 PMCID: PMC10941761 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1354390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epigenetic modifications have emerged as key contributors to the enduring behavioral, molecular and epigenetic neuroadaptations during withdrawal from chronic alcohol exposure. The present study investigated the long-term consequences of chronic alcohol exposure on spatial working memory (WM) and associated changes of transcriptionally repressive histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were allowed free access to either 12% (v/v) ethanol for 5 months followed by a 3-week abstinence period or water. Spatial WM was assessed through the spontaneous alternation T-maze test. Alcoholic and water mice received daily injections of GABAB agonist baclofen or saline during alcohol fading and early withdrawal. Global levels of histone modifications were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Withdrawal mice displayed WM impairments along with reduced prefrontal H3K9me2 levels, compared to water-drinking mice. The withdrawal-induced decrease of H3K9me2 occurred concomitantly with increased level of permissive H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) in the PFC. Baclofen treatment rescued withdrawal-related WM deficits and fully restored prefrontal H3K9me2 and H3K9ac. Alcohol withdrawal induced brain region-specific changes of H3K9me2 and H3K9ac after testing, with significant decreases of both histone marks in the dorsal hippocampus and no changes in the amygdala and dorsal striatum. Furthermore, the magnitude of H3K9me2 in the PFC, but not the hippocampus, significantly and positively correlated with individual WM performances. No correlation was observed between H3K9ac and behavioral performance. Results also indicate that pre-testing intraperitoneal injection of UNC0642, a selective inhibitor of histone methyltransferase G9a responsible for H3K9me2, led to WM impairments in water-drinking and withdrawal-baclofen mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that alcohol withdrawal induced brain-region specific alterations of H3K9me2 and H3K9ac, an effect that persisted for at least three weeks after cessation of chronic alcohol intake. Conclusion The findings suggest a role for long-lasting decreased H3K9me2 specifically in the PFC in the persistent WM impairments related to alcohol withdrawal.
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Almeida-Antunes N, Vasconcelos M, Crego A, Rodrigues R, Sampaio A, López-Caneda E. Forgetting Alcohol: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Memory Inhibition Training in Young Binge Drinkers. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:914213. [PMID: 35844233 PMCID: PMC9278062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.914213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binge Drinking (BD) has been associated with altered inhibitory control and augmented alcohol-cue reactivity. Memory inhibition (MI), the ability to voluntarily suppress unwanted thoughts/memories, may lead to forgetting of memories in several psychiatric conditions. However, despite its potential clinical implications, no study to date has explored the MI abilities in populations with substance misuse, such as binge drinkers (BDs). Method This study—registered in the NIH Clinical Trials Database (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05237414)—aims firstly to examine the behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of MI among college BDs. For this purpose, 45 BDs and 45 age-matched non/low-drinkers (50% female) will be assessed by EEG while performing the Think/No-Think Alcohol task, a paradigm that evaluates alcohol-related MI. Additionally, this work aims to evaluate an alcohol-specific MI intervention protocol using cognitive training (CT) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) while its effects on behavioral and EEG outcomes are assessed. BDs will be randomly assigned to one MI training group: combined [CT and verum tDCS applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)], cognitive (CT and sham tDCS), or control (sham CT and sham tDCS). Training will occur in three consecutive days, in three sessions. MI will be re-assessed in BDs through a post-training EEG assessment. Alcohol use and craving will be measured at the first EEG assessment, and both 10-days and 3-months post-training. In addition, behavioral and EEG data will be collected during the performance of an alcohol cue reactivity (ACR) task, which evaluates attentional bias toward alcoholic stimuli, before, and after the MI training sessions. Discussion This study protocol will provide the first behavioral and neurofunctional MI assessment in BDs. Along with poor MI abilities, BDs are expected to show alterations in event-related potentials and functional connectivity patterns associated with MI. Results should also demonstrate the effectiveness of the protocol, with BDs exhibiting an improved capacity to suppress alcohol-related memories after both combined and cognitive training, along with a reduction in alcohol use and craving in the short/medium-term. Collectively, these findings might have major implications for the understanding and treatment of alcohol misuse. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05237414].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Almeida-Antunes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Vasconcelos
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alberto Crego
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Rodrigues
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo López-Caneda
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Effects of exercise on proactive interference in memory: potential neuroplasticity and neurochemical mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1917-1929. [PMID: 32488351 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proactive interference occurs when consolidated memory traces inhibit new learning. This kind of interference decreases the efficiency of new learning and also causes memory errors. Exercise has been shown to facilitate some types of cognitive function; however, whether exercise reduces proactive interference to enhance learning efficiency is not well understood. Thus, this review discusses the effects of exercise on proactive memory interference and explores potential mechanisms, such as neurogenesis and neurochemical changes, mediating any effect.
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Penolazzi B, Del Missier F, Stramaccia DF, Monego AL, Castelli L, Manzan A, Bertoli M, Galfano G. Testing the transdiagnostic hypothesis of inhibitory control deficits in addictions: An experimental study on gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:339-346. [PMID: 32554838 PMCID: PMC8939424 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many psychopathologies, including addictions, are characterized by inhibitory control deficits. In this regard, recent studies on substance-related disorders (SRD) have shown an impairment in the ability to inhibit potentially interfering memories, despite preserved motor inhibition. To investigate whether the same dissociation could also characterize gambling disorder (GD) in a transdiagnostic perspective, we tested both cognitive and motor inhibitory processes through dedicated tasks, for the first time in this behavioral addiction. METHODS 30 outpatients with GD and 30 healthy controls performed a go/no-go task addressing the integrity of motor inhibition, and the Retrieval Practice Paradigm, a task addressing the integrity of memory inhibition as indexed by the Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (RIF) effect. Self-report questionnaires assessing impulsivity were also administered. RESULTS Whereas RIF was similar across the two groups, patients showed more commission errors in the go/no-go task, and higher self-rated scores of impulsivity than controls. DISCUSSION The present findings suggest preserved memory inhibition and impaired motor response inhibition in GD, a pattern of inhibitory deficits opposite to that previously reported for SRD. Therefore, although both GD and SRD are characterized by altered inhibitory processing, a more fine-grained analysis revealed a specific inhibitory profile indicating vulnerability in different inhibitory components. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the need to investigate the multifaceted construct of inhibition more thoroughly, using performance measures able to assess its various components. This approach would enable to both better characterize different psychopathologies and orient their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Penolazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss, 21, I-34128, Trieste, Italy,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Fabio Del Missier
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss, 21, I-34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Francesco Stramaccia
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Monego
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Castelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bertoli
- Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria 2 Bassa Friulana-Isontina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galfano
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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López-Caneda E, Crego A, Campos AD, González-Villar A, Sampaio A. The Think/No-Think Alcohol Task: A New Paradigm for Assessing Memory Suppression in Alcohol-Related Contexts. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:36-47. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Caneda
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Alberto Crego
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Ana D. Campos
- Human Cognition Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Alberto González-Villar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology ; University of Santiago de Compostela; Galicia Spain
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
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Rochat L, Maurage P, Heeren A, Billieux J. Let's Open the Decision-Making Umbrella: A Framework for Conceptualizing and Assessing Features of Impaired Decision Making in Addiction. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 29:27-51. [PMID: 30293096 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making impairments play a pivotal role in the emergence and maintenance of addictive disorders. However, a sound conceptualization of decision making as an umbrella construct, encompassing its cognitive, affective, motivational, and physiological subcomponents, is still lacking. This prevents an efficient evaluation of the heterogeneity of decision-making impairments and the development of tailored treatment. This paper thus unfolds the various processes involved in decision making by adopting a critical approach of prominent dual- or triadic-process models, which postulate that decision making is influenced by the interplay of impulsive-automatic, reflective-controlled, and interoceptive processes. Our approach also focuses on social cognition processes, which play a crucial role in decision making and addictive disorders but were largely ignored in previous dual- or triadic-process models. We propose here a theoretical framework in which a range of coordinated processes are first identified on the basis of their theoretical and clinical relevance. Each selected process is then defined before reviewing available results underlining its role in addictive disorders (i.e., substance use, gambling, and gaming disorders). Laboratory tasks for measuring each process are also proposed, initiating a preliminary process-based decision-making assessment battery. This original approach may offer an especially informative view of the constitutive features of decision-making impairments in addiction. As prior research has implicated these features as risk factors for the development and maintenance of addictive disorders, our processual approach sets the scene for novel and transdiagnostic experimental and applied research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Rochat
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joël Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Martelli C, Petillion A, Brunet-Lecomte M, Miranda Marcos R, Chanraud S, Amirouche A, Letierce A, Kostogianni N, Lemaitre H, Aubin HJ, Blecha L, Reynaud M, Martinot JL, Benyamina A. Neuropsychological Impairment in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Subjects with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:193. [PMID: 29033861 PMCID: PMC5626858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcoholism and its related cognitive impairments are associated with increased social, relational, and professional deficits which have a variable overall impact on social integration. These impairments are known to have varying severities and have rarely been studied among healthy alcohol-dependent subjects with preserved psychosocial functioning. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe neuropsychological performance in this particular population. METHOD Twenty-nine socially adjusted alcohol-dependent men, hospitalized for a first or second withdrawal and abstinent for 3 weeks minimum, were compared to 29 healthy non-alcoholic controls. All subjects underwent clinical and psychiatric examination, neuropsychological tests of memory (M), working memory (WM), and executive functions (EF). Comparisons were performed using Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS No group differences were found on the Self-Reported Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-SR) or in the Mini-Mental State Examination. Compared to controls, patients had greater episodic, spatial, and WM deficits as well as slightly altered executive functions. In contrast, their executive functions (spontaneous flexibility, criteria generation, rule maintenance, and inhibitory control) were relatively preserved. CONCLUSION Our sample of socially and professionally integrated alcoholic patients shows fewer cognitive deficits than described in previous studies. Our results suggest that early on, alcohol-dependent subjects develop compensatory adaptation processes to preserve social function and adaptation. Minor cognitive impairments should be screened early in the disease to integrate cognitive interventions into the health-care plan to thus eventually prevent further socio-professional marginalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Martelli
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Amélie Petillion
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Brunet-Lecomte
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France
| | - Rubén Miranda Marcos
- INSERM, U1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", IFR49, Orsay, France.,CEA, "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry" U1000 Unit, Hospital Department Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- Bordeaux University, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Ammar Amirouche
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexia Letierce
- AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, Clinical Research Unit, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nikoleta Kostogianni
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France
| | - Hervé Lemaitre
- INSERM, U1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", IFR49, Orsay, France.,Bordeaux University, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Henri-Jean Aubin
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR U797, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Blecha
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Michel Reynaud
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, U1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", IFR49, Orsay, France.,CEA, "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry" U1000 Unit, Hospital Department Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.,Bordeaux University, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- AP-HP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Schmidt T, Roser P, Juckel G, Brüne M, Suchan B, Thoma P. Social cognition and social problem solving abilities in individuals with alcohol use disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 38:974-90. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1180346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ko CH, Wang PW, Liu TL, Yen CF, Chen CS, Yen JY. The inhibition of proactive interference among adults with Internet gaming disorder. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2015; 7:143-52. [PMID: 24866532 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive control plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of addictive behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the deficit in inhibition of proactive interference of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) using a directed forgetting task among young adults. METHODS A total of 64 participants with IGD and 69 controls were recruited on a university campus. They completed the directed forgetting task for online gaming words and neutral words. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the IGD group had a poorer performance on the directed forgetting task, and this represented a deficit in inhibition of proactive interference. They also had a higher tendency to remember online gaming words rather than neutral words in comparison with the control group. This demonstrated memory bias toward online gaming words. DISCUSSION These results suggested that more attention should be paid to deficits in inhibition of proactive interference and memory bias toward gaming content when treating subjects with IGD. Furthermore, it is essential and practical to prevent exposure to online gaming-related cues when endeavoring to control online gaming behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Investigating biases of attention and memory for alcohol-related and negative words in alcohol-dependents with and without major depression after day-clinic treatment. Psychiatry Res 2014; 218:311-8. [PMID: 24816119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate attentional and memory biases in alcohol-dependents with and without major depression compared to healthy controls. We assumed that both groups of alcohol-dependents would show attentional and memory biases for alcohol-related words. For the alcohol-dependents with depression, we additionally expected both types of biases for negative words. Alcohol-dependents without co-morbidity (Alc) and alcohol-dependents with major depression (D-Alc) as well as control participants with a moderate consumption of alcohol (Con) completed an alcohol Stroop task and a directed forgetting paradigm using word stimuli from three categories: neutral, negative, and alcohol-related. Stroop effects showed that not only alcohol-dependents but also control participants were more distracted by alcohol-related than by negative words. In the directed forgetting procedure, all participants showed a significant effect for each word-category, including alcohol-related and negative words. The D-Alc-group memorized more alcohol-related than negative to-be-remembered words. The results do not corroborate the hypothesis of more pronounced attentional and memory biases in alcohol-dependents. However, in alcohol-dependents with depression a memory bias for alcohol-related material was found, suggesting that this group may be more pre-occupied with alcohol than patients without such co-morbidity.
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Noël X, Van der Linden M, Brevers D, Campanella S, Verbanck P, Hanak C, Kornreich C, Verbruggen F. Separating intentional inhibition of prepotent responses and resistance to proactive interference in alcohol-dependent individuals. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 128:200-5. [PMID: 22980674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a hallmark of addictive behaviors. Addicts' weakened inhibition of irrelevant prepotent responses is commonly thought to explain this association. However, inhibition is not a unitary mechanism. This study investigated the efficiency of overcoming competition due to irrelevant responses (i.e., inhibition of a prepotent response) and overcoming competition in memory (i.e., resistance to proactive interference) in sober and recently detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals. METHODS Three cognitive tasks assessing the inhibition of a prepotent response (Hayling task, anti-saccade task and Stroop task) and two tasks tapping into the capacity to resist proactive interference (cued recall, Brown-Peterson variant) were administered to 30 non-amnesic recently detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals and 30 matched healthy participants without alcohol dependency. In addition, possible confounds such as verbal updating in working memory was assessed. RESULTS Alcohol-dependent subjects performed worse than healthy participants on the three cognitive tasks assessing the inhibition of irrelevant prepotent responses but group performance was similar in the tasks assessing overcoming proactive interference in memory, updating of working memory and abstract reasoning. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that alcohol-dependence is mainly associated with impaired capacity to intentionally suppress irrelevant prepotent response information. Control of proactive interference from memory is preserved. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Noël
- Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brugmann Campus, CP403/21, Place Van Gehuchten, 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
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Évolution du traitement attentionnel de l’information émotionnelle de joueurs pathologiques anxieux et non anxieux : une étude préliminaire. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Zou Z, Zhang JX, Huang X, Weng X. Impaired directed forgetting in abstinent heroin addicts. Memory 2011; 19:36-44. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2010.532806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Philippe G, Courvoisier DS, Billieux J, Rochat L, Schmidt RE, Linden MVD. Can the distinction between intentional and unintentional interference control help differentiate varieties of impulsivity? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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