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Miao Z, Sun Y, Feng Z, Wu Q, Yang X, Wang L, Jiang Z, Li Y, Yi H. CAMKK2-AMPK axis endows dietary calcium and phosphorus levels with regulatory effects on lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 39098913 PMCID: PMC11299266 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the realm of swine production, optimizing body composition and reducing excessive fat accumulation is critical for enhancing both economic efficiency and meat quality. Despite the acknowledged impact of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on lipid metabolism, the precise mechanisms behind their synergistic effects on fat metabolism remain elusive. RESULTS Research observations have shown a decreasing trend in the percentage of crude fat in carcasses with increased calcium and phosphorus content in feed. Concurrently, serum glucose concentrations significantly decreased, though differences in other lipid metabolism-related indicators were not significant across groups. Under conditions of low calcium and phosphorus, there is a significant suppression in the expression of FABPs, CD36 and PPARγ in the jejunum and ileum, leading to inhibited intestinal lipid absorption. Concurrently, this results in a marked increase in lipid accumulation in the liver. Conversely, higher levels of dietary calcium and phosphorus promoted intestinal lipid absorption and reduced liver lipid accumulation, with these changes being facilitated through the activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway by high-calcium-phosphorus diets. Additionally, the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet significantly altered the composition of liver lipids and the gut microbiota, increasing α-diversity and affecting the abundance of specific bacterial families related to lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION The evidence we provide indicates that the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet alter body fat content and lipid metabolism by modulating the response of the gut-liver axis to lipids. These effects are closely associated with the activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhangjian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Li J, Song F. A causal relationship between antioxidants, minerals and vitamins and metabolic syndrome traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:194. [PMID: 37817280 PMCID: PMC10563368 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available evidence regarding the association of antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits is currently limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to investigate the potential causal relationship between genetically predicted antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins, and MetS. METHODS In this study, we utilized genetic variation as instrumental variable (IV) to capture exposure data related to commonly consumed dietary nutrients, including antioxidants (β-carotene, lycopene, and uric acid), minerals (copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium), and vitamins (folate, vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K1). The outcomes of interest, namely MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (n = 403,943), were assessed using pooled data obtained from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. Finally, we applied the inverse variance weighting method as the result and conducted a sensitivity analysis for further validation. RESULTS Genetically predicted higher iron (OR = 1.070, 95% CI 1.037-1.105, P = 2.91E-05) and magnesium levels (OR = 1.130, 95% CI 1.058-1.208, P = 2.80E-04) were positively associated with increased risk of MetS. For each component of MetS, higher level of genetically predicted selenium (OR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.957-0.986, P = 1.09E-04) was negatively correlated with HDL-C levels, while vitamin K1 (OR = 1.023, 95% CI 1.012-1.033, P = 2.90E-05) was positively correlated with HDL-C levels. Moreover, genetically predicted vitamin D (OR = 0.985, 95% CI 0.978-0.992, P = 5.51E-5) had a protective effect on FBG levels. Genetically predicted iron level (OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.022-1.064, P = 4.33E-05) had a risk effect on TG level. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that genetically predicted some specific, but not all, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins may be causally related to the development of MetS traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Thongnak L, Pengrattanachot N, Promsan S, Phengpol N, Sutthasupha P, Jaikumkao K, Lungkaphin A. Metformin mitigates renal dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats via activation of the AMPK/PPARα pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:408-422. [PMID: 36966452 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling and lipid metabolism are disrupted by long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). This disruption can lead to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and subsequently renal dysfunction as a consequence of the inactivation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) or AMPK/PPARα pathways. We investigated the impact of metformin on the prevention of renal dysfunction through the modulation of AMPK-regulated PPARα-dependent pathways in insulin-resistant rats induced by a HFD. Male Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 16 weeks to induce insulin resistance. After insulin resistance had been confirmed, metformin (30 mg/kg) or gemfibrozil (50 mg/kg) was given orally for 8 weeks. Evidence of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, lipid accumulation and kidney injury were observed in HF rats. Impairment of lipid oxidation, energy metabolism and renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) expression and function were demonstrated in HF rats. Metformin can stimulate the AMPK/PPARα pathways and suppress sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) signaling (SREBP1/FAS) to enable the regulation of lipid metabolism. Renal inflammatory markers and renal fibrosis expression induced by a HFD were more effectively reduced after metformin treatment than after gemfibrozil treatment. Interestingly, renal Oat3 function and expression and kidney injury were improved following metformin and gemfibrozil treatment. Renal cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) or sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) expression did not differ after treatment with metformin or gemfibrozil. Metformin and gemfibrozil could reduce the impairment of renal injury in obese conditions induced by a HFD through the AMPK/PPARα-dependent pathway. Interestingly, metformin demonstrated greater efficacy than gemfibrozil in attenuating renal lipotoxicity through the AMPK-regulated SREBP1/FAS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattavadee Pengrattanachot
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prempree Sutthasupha
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Functional Foods for Health and Disease, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Intravaroros Road, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Association between the Oxidative Balance Score and Telomere Length from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1345071. [PMID: 35186180 PMCID: PMC8850082 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1345071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important biomarker of aging. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is used to assess the oxidative stress-related exposures of diet and lifestyle. This study is aimed at exploring if the OBS was associated with LTL. Methods. 3220 adults were included in this study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. LTL was assayed from leukocyte DNA. Twenty dietary and lifestyle factors were selected to score the OBS. Survey-based multivariable linear regression was conducted to assess the association between the OBS and log-transformed LTL. Results. The association between the OBS and log-transformed LTL was positive in females but not males. For females, compared with the lowest OBS category as a reference, the multivariable-adjusted beta estimate (95% confidence interval, CI) for the highest OBS category was 0.0701 (0.0205–0.1197) (
for
), and the multivariable-adjusted beta estimate (95% CI) of the continuous OBS was 0.0039 (0.0014–0.0065). There was also the gender difference in the correlations of the dietary OBS and the lifestyle OBS with log-transformed LTL. Conclusion. There was a positive association between the OBS and LTL in females. This result suggested that diet and lifestyle might affect LTL by regulating oxidative balance.
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Effect of Mineral-Balanced Deep-Sea Water on Kidney Function and Renal Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Fed a High-Salt Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413415. [PMID: 34948210 PMCID: PMC8705929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of mineral-balanced deep-sea water (DSW) on kidney health using an animal model of kidney injury due to a high-sodium diet. High magnesium/low sodium (HMLS) and high magnesium/high calcium (HMHC) DSW samples with different mineral contents were prepared. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed an 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) diet for four weeks to induce kidney injury, and each group was supplied with purified water or mineral water. Kidney injury was observed in the NaCl group according to increased kidney injury markers and malondialdehydes, providing evidence of oxidative stress. However, the kidney injury was repaired by the intake of mineral-balanced DSW. It was confirmed that the HMLS and HMHC groups showed improved Na+ excretion through the urine. Kidney injury markers in urine decreased and upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein2 mRNA expression was observed in the HMLS and HMHC groups. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity was increased in the HMHC groups. The gene expression patterns of the RNA sequencing were similar between the CON and HMLS groups. These results suggest that DSW has beneficial effects on kidney health due to the balanced magnesium and calcium levels in models of kidney injury caused by excessive sodium intake.
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Li Z, Li J, Miao X, Cui W, Miao L, Cai L. A minireview: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in obesity-related renal injury. Life Sci 2020; 265:118828. [PMID: 33253722 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical energy-sensing switch, plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of obesity-related renal injury. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AMPK activation against obesity-related renal injury in preclinical studies, with the main purposes of increasing the understanding of AMPK and providing new insights into the future clinical therapeutic strategies. The renoprotective effects of AMPK mainly act by modulating lipid metabolism and autophagy and suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. More importantly, we discussed the recent advances in this field that require further investigation. Firstly, the inhibitory effect of AMPK on ferroptosis is a potential mechanism for its protection against renal injury. Secondly, the effect of AMPK on lipolysis is complex: AMPK induces basal lipolysis but also inhibits stimulated lipolysis. Thirdly, statins may play a renoprotective role by activating AMPK. Fourthly, some microRNAs targeting AMPK mRNA have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Further, AMPK can regulate the expression of some microRNAs, suggesting that the stable renoprotective effects of AMPK may benefit from its epigenetic regulation. Lastly, several natural compounds and synthetic drugs have been recognized to protect against obesity-related renal injury by activating AMPK and its downstream pathways in animal models. It remains to be seen if combination of newly identified drugs with traditional renoprotective medicine will have any synergistic therapeutic benefits without adding to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, USA
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