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Carlsson S, Hedin K, Cronberg O, Moberg A. Antibiotic Treatment for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Register-Based Study Examining the Role of Radiographic Imaging. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1165. [PMID: 37508261 PMCID: PMC10376247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When imaging (i.e., chest-x-ray or computed tomography) is used to differentiate between acute bronchitis and pneumonia, many patients are being prescribed antibiotics despite the absence of radiographic pneumonia signs. This study of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with negative chest imaging compares cases where antibiotics were prescribed and not prescribed to find characteristics that could explain the prescription. Data were extracted from the regional electronic medical record system in Kronoberg County, Sweden, for patients aged 18-79 years diagnosed with acute bronchitis or pneumonia and who had any chest radiologic imaging between 2007-2014. Of 696 cases without evidence of pneumonia on imaging, 55% were prescribed antibiotics. Age, sex, and co-morbidity did not differ between those with or without antibiotics. The median level of C-reactive protein was low in both groups but differed significantly (21 vs. 10 mg/L; p < 0.001). Resident physicians prescribed antibiotics more frequently than interns or specialists (p < 0.001). It is unclear what features prompted the antibiotic prescribing in those with negative imaging indicating overuse of antibiotics for LRTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carlsson
- Department of Infection Disease and Control, Region Östergötland, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hedin
- Futurum-The Academy for Health and Care, Region Jönköping County, 55185 Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Family Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Cronberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Family Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Växjöhälsan Primary Healthcare Center and Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, 35112 Växjö, Sweden
| | - Anna Moberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Center, Region Östergötland, 58662 Linköping, Sweden
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Li X, Chen Z. Correlation between serum levels of C-reactive protein and neonatal pneumonia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25977. [PMID: 34011087 PMCID: PMC8137101 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have reported the correlation between serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and neonatal pneumonia. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to clarify whether an increased serum level of CRP accelerates the development of neonatal pneumonia. METHODS This protocol is conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol (PRISMA-P) statement guidelines. Related articles were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, and CNKI databases. Two investigators extracted information according to the selection criteria and used a set of predefined criteria based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria to assess the studies. All calculations were carried out with Stata 12.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). RESULTS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION We hypothesized that a higher serum CRP level is closely correlated with the progression of neonatal pneumonia. CRP as a general systemic inflammation biomarker may help clinicians to make difficult therapeutic decisions for neonatal pneumonia. OPEN SCIENCE FRAMEWORK REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/RGBMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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El-Kenawy ESM, Mirjalili S, Ibrahim A, Alrahmawy M, El-Said M, Zaki RM, Eid MM. Advanced Meta-Heuristics, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Feature Selectors for Efficient COVID-19 X-Ray Chest Image Classification. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2021; 9:36019-36037. [PMID: 34812381 PMCID: PMC8545230 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The chest X-ray is considered a significant clinical utility for basic examination and diagnosis. The human lung area can be affected by various infections, such as bacteria and viruses, leading to pneumonia. Efficient and reliable classification method facilities the diagnosis of such infections. Deep transfer learning has been introduced for pneumonia detection from chest X-rays in different models. However, there is still a need for further improvements in the feature extraction and advanced classification stages. This paper proposes a classification method with two stages to classify different cases from the chest X-ray images based on a proposed Advanced Squirrel Search Optimization Algorithm (ASSOA). The first stage is the feature learning and extraction processes based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model named ResNet-50 with image augmentation and dropout processes. The ASSOA algorithm is then applied to the extracted features for the feature selection process. Finally, the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network's connection weights are optimized by the proposed ASSOA algorithm (using the selected features) to classify input cases. A Kaggle chest X-ray images (Pneumonia) dataset consists of 5,863 X-rays is employed in the experiments. The proposed ASSOA algorithm is compared with the basic Squirrel Search (SS) optimization algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for feature selection to validate its efficiency. The proposed (ASSOA + MLP) is also compared with other classifiers, based on (SS + MLP), (GWO + MLP), and (GA + MLP), in performance metrics. The proposed (ASSOA + MLP) algorithm achieved a classification mean accuracy of (99.26%). The ASSOA + MLP algorithm also achieved a classification mean accuracy of (99.7%) for a chest X-ray COVID-19 dataset tested from GitHub. The results and statistical tests demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M. El-Kenawy
- Department of Communications and ElectronicsDelta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (DHIET)Mansoura35111Egypt
| | - Seyedali Mirjalili
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and OptimizationTorrens University AustraliaFortitude ValleyQLD4006Australia
- Yonsei Frontier LabYonsei UniversitySeoul03722South Korea
| | - Abdelhameed Ibrahim
- Computer Engineering and Control Systems DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alrahmawy
- Department of Computer ScienceFaculty of Computers and InformationMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt
| | - M. El-Said
- Electrical Engineering DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt
- Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (DHIET)Mansoura35111Egypt
| | - Rokaia M. Zaki
- Department of Communications and ElectronicsDelta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (DHIET)Mansoura35111Egypt
- Department of Electrical EngineeringShoubra Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenha11629Egypt
| | - Marwa Metwally Eid
- Department of Communications and ElectronicsDelta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (DHIET)Mansoura35111Egypt
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Moberg AB, Jensen AR, Paues J, Magnus F. C-reactive protein influences the doctor's degree of suspicion of pneumonia in primary care: a prospective observational study. Eur J Gen Pract 2021; 26:210-216. [PMID: 33399009 PMCID: PMC7801023 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1852547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In primary care, the diagnosis of pneumonia is often based on history and clinical examination alone. However, a previous study showed that the general practitioner's degree of suspicion correlates well with findings on chest X-ray, when the C-reactive protein (CRP) value is known. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate to what extent the physician's degree of suspicion is affected by the CRP level when community-acquired pneumonia is suspected in primary care. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at five primary health care centres in Sweden between October 2015 and December 2017. Adult patients (n = 266) consulting their health care centre with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection, where the physician suspected pneumonia, were included consecutively. Anamnestic information and findings from clinical examination were documented in a case report form. All patients were tested for CRP. The physicians rated their degree of suspicion as 'unsure,' 'quite sure,' and 'sure' before and after the CRP result. RESULTS The degree of suspicion of pneumonia changed in 69% of the cases; most often to a lower degree (40%). In 28% of the cases, there was no longer any suspicion of pneumonia after CRP. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CRP testing highly influences the physician's degree of suspicion of pneumonia in primary care and that it seems to be of most value when not sure of the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Moberg
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Ravell Jensen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob Paues
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Falk Magnus
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Moberg AB, Kling M, Paues J, Fransson SG, Falk M. Use of chest X-ray in the assessment of community acquired pneumonia in primary care - an intervention study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2020; 38:323-329. [PMID: 32705941 PMCID: PMC7470159 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1794404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore if consequent use of chest X-ray (CXR), when the physician is not sure of the diagnosis of pneumonia after clinical examination and CRP-testing, favors a more restrictive prescribing of antibiotics. DESIGN This was an intervention study conducted between September 2015 and December 2017. SETTING Two intervention primary health care centers (PHCCs) and three control PHCCs in the southeast of Sweden. INTERVENTION All patients were referred for CXR when the physician´s suspicion of pneumonia was 'unsure', or 'quite sure' after CRP-testing. Control units managed patients according to their usual routine after clinical examination and CRP-testing. SUBJECTS A total of 104 patients were included in the intervention group and 81 patients in the control group. The inclusion criteria of the study were clinically suspected pneumonia in patients ≥18 years, with respiratory symptoms for more than 24 h. Main outcome measure: Antibiotic prescribing rate. RESULTS In the intervention group, 85% were referred for CXR and 69% were prescribed antibiotics, as compared to 26% and 77% in the control group. The difference in antibiotic prescribing rate was not statistically significant, unadjusted OR 0.68 [0.35-1.3] and adjusted OR 1.1 [CI 0.43-3.0]. A total of 24% of patients with negative CXR were prescribed antibiotics. CONCLUSION This study could not prove that use of CXR when the physician was not sure of the diagnosis of pneumonia results in lowered antibiotic prescribing rate in primary care. In cases of negative findings on CXR the physicians do not seem to rely on the outcome when it comes to antibiotic prescribing. Key Points Routine use of chest X-ray when the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is uncertain has not been proven to result in lowered antibiotic prescribing rate. Physicians do not fully rely on chest X-ray outcome and to some extent prescribe antibiotics even if negative, when community-acquired pneumonia is suspected. Chest X-ray is already used in one out of four cases in routine primary care of pneumonia patients in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Moberg
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- CONTACT Anna B Moberg Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Moa Kling
- Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob Paues
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Radiological Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Göran Fransson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Falk
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
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Groeneveld GH, van 't Wout JW, Aarts NJ, van Rooden CJ, Verheij TJM, Cobbaert CM, Kuijper EJ, de Vries JJC, van Dissel JT. Prediction model for pneumonia in primary care patients with an acute respiratory tract infection: role of symptoms, signs, and biomarkers. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:976. [PMID: 31747890 PMCID: PMC6865035 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing pneumonia can be challenging in general practice but is essential to distinguish from other respiratory tract infections because of treatment choice and outcome prediction. We determined predictive signs, symptoms and biomarkers for the presence of pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in primary care. METHODS From March 2012 until May 2016 we did a prospective observational cohort study in three radiology departments in the Leiden-The Hague area, The Netherlands. From adult patients we collected clinical characteristics and biomarkers, chest X ray results and outcome. To assess the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and midregional pro-adrenomedullin for pneumonia, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to determine risk factors and to develop a prediction model. RESULTS Two hundred forty-nine patients were included of whom 30 (12%) displayed a consolidation on chest X ray. Absence of runny nose and whether or not a patient felt ill were independent predictors for pneumonia. CRP predicts pneumonia better than the other biomarkers but adding CRP to the clinical model did not improve classification (- 4%); however, CRP helped guidance of the decision which patients should be given antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Adding CRP measurements to a clinical model in selected patients with an acute respiratory infection does not improve prediction of pneumonia, but does help in giving guidance on which patients to treat with antibiotics. Our findings put the use of biomarkers and chest X ray in diagnosing pneumonia and for treatment decisions into some perspective for general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Groeneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - J W van 't Wout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N J Aarts
- Department of Radiology, HMC Bronovo, P.O. box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - C J van Rooden
- Department of Radiology, HAGA hospital, P.O. box 40551, 2504 LN, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - T J M Verheij
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C M Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E J Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J J C de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J T van Dissel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of infectious diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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