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Solomou G, Finch A, Asghar A, Bardella C. Mutant IDH in Gliomas: Role in Cancer and Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112883. [PMID: 37296846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a common feature of many cancers and, in some cases, is a consequence of mutation in metabolic genes, such as the ones involved in the TCA cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is mutated in many gliomas and other cancers. Physiologically, IDH converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), but when mutated, IDH reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). D2-HG accumulates at elevated levels in IDH mutant tumours, and in the last decade, a massive effort has been made to develop small inhibitors targeting mutant IDH. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular consequences of IDH mutations and the therapeutic approaches developed to target IDH mutant tumours, focusing on gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asim Asghar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Ullah M, Rehman AU, Folcher M, Ullah A, Usman F, Rashid A, Khan B, Quinodoz M, Ansar M, Rivolta C. A Novel Intronic Deletion in PDE6B Causes Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa by Interfering with RNA Splicing. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:878-884. [PMID: 37094557 DOI: 10.1159/000530800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare degenerative retinal disease caused by mutations in approximately seventy genes. Currently, despite the availability of large-scale DNA sequencing technologies, ∼30-40% of patients still cannot be diagnosed at the molecular level. In this study, we investigated a novel intronic deletion of PDE6B, encoding the beta subunit of phosphodiesterase 6 in association with recessive RP. METHODS Three unrelated consanguineous families were recruited from the northwestern part of Pakistan. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the proband of each family, and the data were analyzed according to an in-house computer pipeline. Relevant DNA variants in all available members of these families were assessed through Sanger sequencing. A minigene-based splicing assay was also performed. RESULTS The clinical phenotype for all patients was compatible with rod cone degeneration, with the onset during childhood. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous 18 bp intronic deletion (NM_000283.3:c.1921-20_1921-3del) in PDE6B, which co-segregated with disease in 10 affected individuals. In vitro splicing tests showed that this deletion causes aberrant RNA splicing of the gene, leading to the in-frame deletion of 6 codons and, likely, to disease. CONCLUSION Our findings further expand the mutational spectrum of the PDE6B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ullah
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Marc Folcher
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adnan Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Usman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rashid
- Department of Higher Education, Archives and Libraries Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Khan
- Medical Teaching Institution Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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3
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Zhu S, Huang J, Xu R, Wang Y, Wan Y, McNeel R, Parker E, Kolson D, Yam M, Webb B, Zhao C, Sigado J, Du J. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3b is required for spermiogenesis but dispensable for retinal viability. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102387. [PMID: 35985423 PMCID: PMC9478456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3) is a key enzyme in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate and concurrently converts NAD+ into NADH. Dysfunction of IDH3B, the β subunit of IDH3, has been previously correlated with retinal degeneration and male infertility in humans, but tissue-specific effects of IDH3 dysfunction are unclear. Here, we generated Idh3b-KO mice and found that IDH3B is essential for IDH3 activity in multiple tissues. We determined that loss of Idh3b in mice causes substantial accumulation of isocitrate and its precursors in the TCA cycle, particularly in the testes, whereas the levels of the downstream metabolites remain unchanged or slightly increased. However, the Idh3b-KO mice did not fully recapitulate the defects observed in humans. Global deletion of Idh3b only causes male infertility but not retinal degeneration in mice. Our investigation showed that loss of Idh3b causes an energetic deficit and disrupts the biogenesis of acrosome and flagellum, resulting in spermiogenesis arrestment in sperm cells. Together, we demonstrate that IDH3B controls its substrate levels in the TCA cycle, and it is required for sperm mitochondrial metabolism and spermiogenesis, highlighting the importance of the tissue-specific function of the ubiquitous TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Jiancheng Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Yiming Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Rachel McNeel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Edward Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Douglas Kolson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Michelle Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Bradley Webb
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jenna Sigado
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.
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Identification of Differential Expression Genes between Volume and Pressure Overloaded Hearts Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071276. [PMID: 35886059 PMCID: PMC9318830 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume overload (VO) and pressure overload (PO) are two common pathophysiological conditions associated with cardiac disease. VO, in particular, often occurs in a number of diseases, and no clinically meaningful molecular marker has yet been established. We intend to find the main differential gene expression using bioinformatics analysis. GSE97363 and GSE52796 are the two gene expression array datasets related with VO and PO, respectively. The LIMMA algorithm was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of VO and PO. The DEGs were divided into three groups and subjected to functional enrichment analysis, which comprised GO analysis, KEGG analysis, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. To validate the sequencing data, cardiomyocytes from AR and TAC mouse models were used to extract RNA for qRT-PCR. The three genes with random absolute values of LogFC and indicators of heart failure (natriuretic peptide B, NPPB) were detected: carboxylesterase 1D (CES1D), whirlin (WHRN), and WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2 (WNK2). The DEGs in VO and PO were determined to be 2761 and 1093, respectively, in this study. Following the intersection, 305 genes were obtained, 255 of which expressed the opposing regulation and 50 of which expressed the same regulation. According to the GO and pathway enrichment studies, DEGs with opposing regulation are mostly common in fatty acid degradation, propanoate metabolism, and other signaling pathways. Finally, we used Cytoscape’s three techniques to identify six hub genes by intersecting 255 with the opposite expression and constructing a PPI network. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2), isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3), heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1), and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) were identified as six potential genes. Furthermore, we predict that the hub genes PPARα, ACADM, and PNPLA2 regulate VO myocardial changes via fatty acid metabolism and acyl-Coa dehydrogenase activity, and that these genes could be employed as basic biomarkers for VO diagnosis and treatment.
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Han JH, Ryan G, Guy A, Liu L, Quinodoz M, Helbling I, Lai-Cheong JE, Barwell J, Folcher M, McGrath JA, Moss C, Rivolta C. Mutations in the ribosome biogenesis factor gene LTV1 are linked to LIPHAK syndrome, a novel poikiloderma-like disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1970-1978. [PMID: 34999892 PMCID: PMC9239743 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of the UK 100 000 Genomes Project, we investigated the genetic origin of a previously undescribed recessive dermatological condition, which we named LIPHAK (LTV1-associated Inflammatory Poikiloderma with Hair abnormalities and Acral Keratoses), in four affected individuals from two UK families of Pakistani and Indian origins, respectively. Our analysis showed that only one gene, LTV1, carried rare biallelic variants that were shared in all affected individuals, and specifically they bore the NM_032860.5:c.503A > G, p.(Asn168Ser) change, found homozygously in all of them. In addition, high-resolution homozygosity mapping revealed the presence of a small 652-kb stretch on chromosome 6, encompassing LTV1, that was haploidentical and common to all affected individuals. The c.503A > G variant was predicted by in silico tools to affect the correct splicing of LTV1's exon 5. Minigene-driven splicing assays in HEK293T cells and in a skin sample from one of the patients confirmed that this variant was indeed responsible for the creation of a new donor splice site, resulting in aberrant splicing and in a premature termination codon in exon 6 of this gene. LTV1 encodes one of the ribosome biogenesis factors that promote the assembly of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. In yeast, defects in LTV1 alter the export of nascent ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm; however, the role of this gene in human pathology is unknown to date. Our data suggest that LIPHAK could be a previously unrecognized ribosomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Han
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gavin Ryan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Central and South Genomic Laboratory Hub, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Alyson Guy
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ingrid Helbling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | | | | | - Julian Barwell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Marc Folcher
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John A McGrath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's campus), London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Celia Moss
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS FT, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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6
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Azhar Baig HM, Ansar M, Iqbal A, Naeem MA, Quinodoz M, Calzetti G, Iqbal M, Rivolta C. Genetic analysis of consanguineous Pakistani families with congenital stationary night blindness. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 65:104-110. [PMID: 34781300 DOI: 10.1159/000520895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a rare, largely non progressive, inherited retinal disorder that can be clinically classified on the basis of fundus and electroretinogram (ERG) abnormalities. METHODS We analyzed four large consanguineous families from the Southern Punjab region of Pakistan including multiple individuals affected with CSNB. Exome sequencing (ES) was performed in probands of all four families; Sanger sequencing was performed in additional members to test co-segregation of the variants identified. RESULTS We identified two novel and likely pathogenic variants in two pedigrees, namely NM_002905.4:c.668A>C (p.Gln223Pro) in RDH5, and NM_022567.2:c.908del (p.Gly303ValfsTer45) in NYX. In the two other families, the variants NM_002905.4:c.319G>C (p.Gly107Arg) in RDH5 and NM_000541.5:c.874C>T (p.Arg292Ter) in SAG were identified. These variants have been reported previously, but not in the Pakistani population. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of CSNB, in particular within the population of Southern Punjab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Azhar Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Afia Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Calzetti
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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7
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Quinodoz M, Peter VG, Bedoni N, Royer Bertrand B, Cisarova K, Salmaninejad A, Sepahi N, Rodrigues R, Piran M, Mojarrad M, Pasdar A, Ghanbari Asad A, Sousa AB, Coutinho Santos L, Superti-Furga A, Rivolta C. AutoMap is a high performance homozygosity mapping tool using next-generation sequencing data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:518. [PMID: 33483490 PMCID: PMC7822856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygosity mapping is a powerful method for identifying mutations in patients with recessive conditions, especially in consanguineous families or isolated populations. Historically, it has been used in conjunction with genotypes from highly polymorphic markers, such as DNA microsatellites or common SNPs. Traditional software performs rather poorly with data from Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), which are now extensively used in medical genetics. We develop AutoMap, a tool that is both web-based or downloadable, to allow performing homozygosity mapping directly on VCF (Variant Call Format) calls from WES or WGS projects. Following a training step on WES data from 26 consanguineous families and a validation procedure on a matched cohort, our method shows higher overall performances when compared with eight existing tools. Most importantly, when tested on real cases with negative molecular diagnosis from an internal set, AutoMap detects three gene-disease and multiple variant-disease associations that were previously unrecognized, projecting clear benefits for both molecular diagnosis and research activities in medical genetics. Homozygosity mapping is a useful tool for identifying candidate mutations in recessive conditions, however application to next generation sequencing data has been sub-optimal. Here, the authors present AutoMap, which efficiently identifies runs of homozygosity in whole exome/genome sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Virginie G Peter
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute of Experimental Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Bedoni
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béryl Royer Bertrand
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Cisarova
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Sepahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Raquel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Center (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mehran Piran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali Ghanbari Asad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Center (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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8
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Peter VG, Quinodoz M, Sadio S, Held S, Rodrigues M, Soares M, Sousa AB, Coutinho Santos L, Damme M, Rivolta C. New clinical and molecular evidence linking mutations in ARSG to Usher syndrome type IV. Hum Mutat 2020; 42:261-271. [PMID: 33300174 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In murine and canine animal models, mutations in the Arylsulfatase G gene (ARSG) cause a particular lysosomal storage disorder characterized by neurological phenotypes. Recently, two variants in the same gene were found to be associated with an atypical form of Usher syndrome in humans, leading to visual and auditory impairment without the involvement of the central nervous system. In this study, we identified three novel pathogenic variants in ARSG, which segregated recessively with the disease in two families from Portugal. The probands were affected with retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss, generally with an onset of symptoms in their fourth decade of life. Functional experiments showed that these pathogenic variants abolish the sulfatase activity of the Arylsulfatase G enzyme and impede the appropriate lysosomal localization of the protein product, which appears to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data enable to definitely confirm that different biallelic variants in ARSG cause a specific deaf-blindness syndrome, by abolishing the activity of the enzyme it encodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie G Peter
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Silvia Sadio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Held
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Márcia Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Center (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Soares
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Center (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Center (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Basic Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luisa Coutinho Santos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Damme
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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9
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Oxidative Stress, a Crossroad Between Rare Diseases and Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040313. [PMID: 32326494 PMCID: PMC7222183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species and/or reactive nitrogen species in cells and tissues, and the capacity of detoxifying these products, using enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, such as glutathione. Oxidative stress plays roles in several pathological processes in the nervous system, such as neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. The concepts of oxidative stress and rare diseases were formulated in the eighties, and since then, the link between them has not stopped growing. The present review aims to expand knowledge in the pathological processes associated with oxidative stress underlying some groups of rare diseases: Friedreich’s ataxia, diseases with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Charcot-Marie-Tooth as an example of rare neuromuscular disorders, inherited retinal dystrophies, progressive myoclonus epilepsies, and pediatric drug-resistant epilepsies. Despite the discrimination between cause and effect may not be easy on many occasions, all these conditions are Mendelian rare diseases that share oxidative stress as a common factor, and this may represent a potential target for therapies.
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