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Wood EH, Moshfeghi DM, Capone A, Williams GA, Blumenkranz MS, Sieving PA, Harper CA, Hartnett ME, Drenser KA. A Literary Pediatric Retina Fellowship With Michael T. Trese, MD. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:701-712. [PMID: 38113364 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20231020-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Michael T. Trese, MD (1946-2022), a vitreoretinal surgeon, made significant contributions to the field of retina. Although most known for his work in pediatric retina surgery, he was a pioneer in areas such as medical retina, translational research, and telemedicine. This article reviews his major contributions to spread his knowledge more widely to vitreoretinal trainees and specialists. We discuss six areas where Trese made a lasting impact: lens-sparing vitrectomy, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, congenital X-linked retinoschisis, autologous plasmin enzyme, regenerative medicine, and telemedicine. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:701-712.].
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Le V, Abdelmessih G, Dailey WA, Pinnock C, Jobczyk V, Rashingkar R, Drenser KA, Mitton KP. Mechanisms Underlying Rare Inherited Pediatric Retinal Vascular Diseases: FEVR, Norrie Disease, Persistent Fetal Vascular Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:2579. [PMID: 37947657 PMCID: PMC10647367 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), Norrie disease, and persistent fetal vascular syndrome (PFVS) are extremely rare retinopathies that are clinically distinct but are unified by abnormal retinal endothelial cell function, and subsequent irregular retinal vascular development and/or aberrant inner blood-retinal-barrier (iBRB) function. The early angiogenesis of the retina and its iBRB is a delicate process that is mediated by the canonical Norrin Wnt-signaling pathway in retinal endothelial cells. Pathogenic variants in genes that play key roles within this pathway, such as NDP, FZD4, TSPAN12, and LRP5, have been associated with the incidence of these retinal diseases. Recent efforts to further elucidate the etiology of these conditions have not only highlighted their multigenic nature but have also resulted in the discovery of pathological variants in additional genes such as CTNNB1, KIF11, and ZNF408, some of which operate outside of the Norrin Wnt-signaling pathway. Recent discoveries of FEVR-linked variants in two other Catenin genes (CTNND1, CTNNA1) and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Complex Subunit-1 gene (EMC1) suggest that we will continue to find additional genes that impact the neural retinal vasculature, especially in multi-syndromic conditions. The goal of this review is to briefly highlight the current understanding of the roles of their encoded proteins in retinal endothelial cells to understand the essential functional mechanisms that can be altered to cause these very rare pediatric retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | | | - Wendy A. Dailey
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Cecille Pinnock
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Victoria Jobczyk
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Revati Rashingkar
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Drenser
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Associated Retinal Consultants P.C., Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Mitton
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Koulisis N, Moysidis SN, Yonekawa Y, Dai YL, Burkemper B, Wood EH, Lertjirachai I, Todorich B, Khundkar TZ, Chu Z, Wang RK, Williams GA, Drenser KA, Capone A, Trese MT, Nudleman E. Correlating Changes in the Macular Microvasculature and Capillary Network to Peripheral Vascular Pathologic Features in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 3:597-606. [PMID: 31277801 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the macular microvasculature in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) using OCT angiography (OCTA) and to assess for peripheral vascular changes using widefield fluorescein angiography (WFA). DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective, comparative, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS We identified 411 patients with FEVR, examined between September 2014 and June 2018. Fifty-seven patients with FEVR and 60 healthy controls had OCTA images of sufficient quality for analysis. METHODS Custom software was used to assess for layer-specific, quantitative changes in vascular density and morphologic features on OCTA by way of vessel density (VD), skeletal density (SD), fractal dimension (FD), vessel diameter index (VDI), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Widefield fluorescein angiography images were reviewed for peripheral vascular changes including capillary dropout, late-phase angiographic posterior and peripheral vascular leakage (LAPPEL), vascular dragging, venous-venous shunts, and arteriovenous shunts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Macular microvascular parameters on OCTA and peripheral angiographic findings on WFA. RESULTS OCT angiography analysis of 117 patients (187 eyes; 92 FEVR patients and 95 control participants) demonstrated significantly reduced VD, SD, and FD and greater VDI in patients with FEVR compared with controls in the nonsegmented retina, superficial retinal layer (SRL), and deep retinal layer (DRL). The FAZ was larger compared with that in control eyes in the DRL (P < 0.0001), but not the SRL (P = 0.52). Subanalysis by FEVR stage showed the same microvascular changes compared with controls for all parameters. Widefield fluorescein angiography analysis of 95 eyes (53 patients) with FEVR demonstrated capillary nonperfusion in all eyes: 47 eyes (49.5%) showed LAPPEL, 32 eyes (33.7%) showed vascular dragging, 30 eyes (31.6%) had venous-venous shunts, and 33 eyes (34.7%) had arteriovenous shunts. Decreasing macular VD on OCTA correlated with increasing peripheral capillary nonperfusion on WFA. Decreasing fractal dimension on OCTA correlated with increasing LAPPEL severity on WFA. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FEVR demonstrated abnormalities in the macular microvasculature and capillary network, in addition to the peripheral retina. The macular microvascular parameters on OCTA may serve as biomarkers of changes in the retinal periphery on WFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Koulisis
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stavros N Moysidis
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Yoshihiro Yonekawa
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi Ling Dai
- William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Bruce Burkemper
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward H Wood
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Itsara Lertjirachai
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan; Department of Ophthalmology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bozho Todorich
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Tahsin Z Khundkar
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Zhongdi Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - George A Williams
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kimberly A Drenser
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Antonio Capone
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Michael T Trese
- Associated Retinal Consultants, PC, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Eric Nudleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute and Jacobs Retina Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the simplest form of DNA variation among individuals. These simple changes can be of transition or transversion type and they occur throughout the genome at a frequency of about one in 1,000 bp. They may be responsible for the diversity among individuals, genome evolution, the most common familial traits such as curly hair, interindividual differences in drug response, and complex and common diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and psychiatric disorders. SNPs may change the encoded amino acids (nonsynonymous) or can be silent (synonymous) or simply occur in the noncoding regions. They may influence promoter activity (gene expression), messenger RNA (mRNA) conformation (stability), and subcellular localization of mRNAs and/or proteins and hence may produce disease. Therefore, identification of numerous variations in genes and analysis of their effects may lead to a better understanding of their impact on gene function and health of an individual. This improved knowledge may provide a starting point for the development of new, useful SNP markers for medical testing and a safer individualized medication to treat the most common devastating disorders. This will revolutionize the medical field in the future. To illustrate the effect of SNPs on gene function and phenotype, this minireview focuses on evidences revealing the impact of SNPs on the development and progression of three human eye disorders (Norrie disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity) that have overlapping clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkur S Shastry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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